Oksitosin
| Data klinikal | |
|---|---|
| Sebutan | /ˌɒksɪˈtoʊsɪn/ |
| Data fisiologi | |
| Sumber tisu | Kelenjar pituitari |
| Tisu sasaran | Meluas |
| Reseptor | Reseptor oksitosin |
| Antagonis | Atosiban |
| Pelopor | prepropeptida oksitosin/neurofisin I |
| Metabolisme | Hati dan oksitosinase lain |
| Data farmakokinetik | |
| Pengikatan protein | 30% |
| Metabolisme | Hati dan oksitosinase lain |
| Penyingkiran separuh hayat | 1–6 minit (IV) ~2 jam (intranasal)[1][2] |
| Perkumuhan | Hempedu dan buah pinggang |
| Pengecam | |
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| Nombor CAS | |
| PubChem CID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.045 |
| Data kimia dan fizikal | |
| Formula | C43H66N12O12S2 |
| Jisim molar | 1,007.19 g·mol−1 |
| Model 3D (JSmol) | |
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Oksitosin [ok-si-to-sin] (oxytocin, Oxt) adalah sejenis hormon peptida dan neuropeptida yang biasa dihasilkan di hipotalamus dan dikeluarkan oleh hipofisis posterior.[6] Ia memainkan peranan dalam menjalinkan hubungan dan pembiakan seks; malah juga semasa dan selepas melahirkan anak[7] di mana ia mendorong pelepasan hormon ke dalam saluran darah sebagai tindak balas kepada peregangan serviks dan rahim semasa kelahiran.[8] Ini membantu dengan kelahiran, ikatan dengan bayi serta pengeluaran susu (bersama rangsangan puting payudara dari menyusu).[9]
Struktur
Oksitosin ialah peptida terdiri daripada sembilan asid amino (nonapeptida) dalam susunan sisteina-tirosina-isoleusina-glutamina-asparagina-sisteina-prolina-leusina-glisina-amida (Cys – Tyr – Ile – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Leu – Gly – NH2, or CYIQNCPLG-NH2); asid amino terminal C dibentuk menjadi amida primer dan ikatan disulfida menghubungkan kedua-dua sisteina.[10] Oksitosin mempunyai jisim molekul 1007 Da dan satu unit antarabangsa (IU) oksitosin adalah bersamaan dengan 1.68 μg daripada peptida tulen.[11]
Struktur oksitosin sangat serupa dengan vasopresin. Kedua-duanya ialah nonapeptida dengan ikatan disulfida tunggal, hanya berbeza dengan dua penggantian asid amino: Cys – Tyr – Phe – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Arg – Gly – NH2.[10] Oksitosin dan vasopresin telah diasingkan dan jumlah sintesis mereka dilaporkan pada 1954,[12] dengan pengkaji Vincent du Vigneaud dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia 1955 dengan keterangan: "untuk kerjanya mengenai sebatian sulfur yang penting dalam biokimia, terutamanya bagi sintesis pertama hormon polipeptida."[13]
Rujukan
- ^ Weisman O, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R (September 2012). "Intranasal oxytocin administration is reflected in human saliva". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 37 (9): 1582–1586. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.014. PMID 22436536. S2CID 25253083.
- ^ Huffmeijer R, Alink LR, Tops M, Grewen KM, Light KC, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Ijzendoorn MH (2012). "Salivary levels of oxytocin remain elevated for more than two hours after intranasal oxytocin administration". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 33 (1): 21–25. PMID 22467107.
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101405 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (ed. 41). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. m/s. 358. ISBN 978-0-7020-6851-5.
- ^ "Nonsocial functions of hypothalamic oxytocin". ISRN Neuroscience. 2013: 179272. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/179272. PMC 4045544. PMID 24967304.
- ^ Chiras, Daniel D. (2012). Human Biology (ed. 7th). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. m/s. 262. ISBN 978-0-7637-8345-7. Unknown parameter
|name-list-format=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Human Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge University Press. 2010. m/s. 282. ISBN 978-1-139-78900-4.
- ^ a b Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ed. 5th). Elsevier Health Sciences. m/s. 1833. ISBN 978-1455759422.
- ^ "WHO International Standard OXYTOCIN 4th International Standard NIBSC code: 76/575: Instructions for use (Version 4.0, Dated 30/04/2013)" (PDF). Nibsc.org. Dicapai pada 5 March 2022.
- ^ Du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG (1954). "The Synthesis of Oxytocin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (12): 3115–21. doi:10.1021/ja01641a004.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Dicapai pada 17 November 2016.
Bacaan lanjut
- Caldwell HK, Young WS (2006). "Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Genetics and Behavioral Implications" (PDF). Dalam Abel L, Lim R (penyunting). Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology. Berlin: Springer. m/s. 573–607. ISBN 978-0-387-30348-2.
- Fillod, Odile (2014), "Oxytocin as proximal cause of 'maternal instinct': weak science, post-feminism, and the hormones of mystique", dalam Schmitz (penyunting), Gendered neurocultures: feminist and queer perspectives on current brain discourses, challenge GENDER, 2, Wien: Zaglossus, ISBN 9783902902122.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Yong, Ed (13 November 2015), "The weak science behind the wrongly named moral molecule", The Atlantic.
Pautan luar
Kategori berkaitan Oxytocin di Wikimedia Commons
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