Varisulca

Varisulca
(Bazna grupa taksona Podiata)
Ancyromonas sp.
Sistematika

Varisulca je predložena bazna grupa taksona Podiata.[1] Obuhvata nekoliko rodova heterotrofnih protista, od kojih su najpoznatiji anciromonade (planomonade), koloditionidi (difileidi), rigifilidi (Rigifila, Micronuclearia) i Mantamonas).

Nedavni dokazi sugeriraju da su posljednja tri međusobno usko povezana, tvoreći kladus zvani CRuM, ali da je malo vjerovatno da će biti posebno vezani za anciromonade.[2] Cavalier-Smith Smith predložio je novo potkoljeno Varisulca koje se sastoji od razreda:

  • Hilomonadea,
  • Diphyllatea i
  • Glissodiscea.[3] Društvo protistologa još nije utvrdilo valjanost ove predložene taksonomije. Malo je vjerovatno da će biti široko prihvaćeno, budući da se čini da je Varisulca parafiletska ili polifiletska grupa (za anciromonade se ne pretpostavlja da su sestrinska grupa sa CRuM-ove). Glissodiscea i Multirhiza (takson koji obuhvata Diphyllatea i Glissodiscea) također se smatraju parafiletsl+kim ili polifiletskim, budući da Mantamona pripada CRuM-ovima, ali anciromonadi ne.

Čini se da je Varisulca parafiletsko stablo Podiata. Tako se i ona možda pojavila kao druga bazna grupa Podiata, poput Malawimonas, Metamonada i / ili Amoebozoa i Amorphea.[4][5]

Neke grupe Apusozoa sada se smatraju predstavnicima Varisulca. Apusomonadida (npr. Thecamonas) sada nisu direktno povezane sa Varisulca, ali se smatraju sestrinskom sa Opisthokonta . Sulcozoa (izvorno samo Varisulca i Apusozoa) sada obuhvata Unikonta / Amorphea i postaje ekvivalent (bazna grupa) Podiata i Sarcomastigota.[6]

Eukaryotes
Scotokaryotes/

Metamonada

Malawimonas

Sulcozoa/Podiata

Varisulca

Amorphea/

Amoebozoa

Obazoa

Opisthokonta

Breviata

Apusomonadida

Opisthokonta

Unikonta
/Sarcomastigota
Opimoda/Neozoa

Corticata/Diphoda/Diaphoretickes/Bikonta

Prema nekim nalazima, Mantamonadida je sestrinska sa Apusomonadida u Apusozoa.[7][8]

Odnosno
Podiata 

Varisulca

Unikonta

Amoebozoa

Obazoa

Apusozoa

Opisthokonta

Holomycota → (Fungi)

Holozoa → (Animalia)

Taksonomija

Potkoljeno Varisulca Cavalier-Smith 2012

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Snell, Elizabeth A.; Berney, Cédric; Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria; Lewis, Rhodri (1. 12. 2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.
  2. ^ Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (19. 1. 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
  3. ^ Cavalier-Smith T (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and Razredification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". Eur J Protistol. 49 (2): 115–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
  4. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5. 2. 2017). "Origin of animal multicellularity: precursors, causes, consequences—the choanoflagellate/sponge transition, neurogenesis and the Cambrian explosion". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (jezik: engleski). 372 (1713): 20150476. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0476. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5182410. PMID 27994119.
  5. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new Razred (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023. PMID 27001604.
  6. ^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (29. 4. 2015). "A Higher Level Razredification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
  7. ^ Glücksman E, Snell EA, Berney C, Chao EE, Bass D, Cavalier-Smith T (septembar 2010). "The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Rod Mantamonas (Mantamonadida ord. n.: Apusozoa)". Protist. 162 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.004. PMID 20884290.
  8. ^ Orr, Russell J. S.; Zhao, Sen; Klaveness, Dag; Yabuki, Akinori; Ikeda, Keiji; Makoto, Watanabe M.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (8. 10. 2017). "Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: Culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher Red taxonomic diversity and global distribution". Biorxiv=199125.
  9. ^ Glücksman, Snell & Cavalier-Smith (2013). "Phylogeny and evolution of Planomonadida (Sulcozoa): Eight new species and new genera Fabomonas and Nutomonas". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 179–200. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.007. PMID 23369787.

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