Obazoa

Obazoa
(Sestrinski kladus Amoebozoa)
Choanoflagellata
Choanoflagellata
Sistematika

Obazoa (Brown et al., 2013) je predloženi sestrinski kladus Amoebozoa, sa kojim skupa čini grupu Amorphea. Obazoa obuhvata Breviatea, Apusomonadida i Opisthokonta, a posebno isključuje Amoebozoa. Utvrđivanje položaja Breviatea i Apusomonadida i njihovih svojstava od interesa je za poznavanje razvoja Opisthokonta, odakle potiču glavne loze životinja i gljiva.[1] Međuodnosi opisthokonata, brevijata i apusomonada nisu konačno riješeni (od 2018.), iako se obično zaključuje da, od tri loze, Breviatea najvjerovatnije mogu biti bazne.[2][3][4][5][6]

Filogenija na bazi ribosomne rRNK obično ne posmatra Obazoa kao kladus (vidi na primjer:[7]), koje vjerovatno odražavaju svojstva njihovog drevnog zajedničkog pretka, a malo filogenetskih signala ostaje u skupovima podataka od jednog ili nekoliko gena.

Filogenija

Filologenetičke analize obično Apusozoa i Opisthokonta postavljaju kao sestrinske kladuse, iako su, u drugim prilikama, Apusozoa oaraSlikatske, kako slijedi:[8]

 Obazoa
 

Breviatea

 
 
 

Apusomonadida

 
 

Opisthokonta

 
 
 

Položaj u sistemu pet supergupa

Globalno stablo eukariota iz konsenzusa filogenetskih dokaza (posebno, filogenomskih), rijetkih genomskih tragova i morfoloških karakteristika predstavljeno je prema Adl et al. 2012 i Burki 2014/2016 s Cryptophyta kriptofitima i pikozoama koji su se pojavili unutar grupe Archaeplastida.[9][10][11][12][13][14] Učinjeno je i slično uključivanje Glaucophyta, Cryptista (a također, neobično, Haptista).

 

Hemimastigophora

 
Diaphoretickes
Archaeplastida + Cryptista
 
 

Rhodophyta

 
 

Picozoa

 
 
 
 

Glaucophyta

 
 

Viridiplantae

 
 
 

Cryptista

 
 
 
 
 

Haptista

 
 

Ancoracysta

 
 
TSAR
 

Telonemia

 
SAR
Halvaria
 

Stramenopiles

 
 

Alveolata

 
 
 

Rhizaria

 
 
 
 
 
 

Amoebozoa

 
Obazoa
 

Apusomonadida

 
Opisthokonta
 

Holomycota (uklj. gljive)

 
 

Holozoa (uklj. životinje)

 
 
 
Diphoda
Diaphoretickes
 

Glaucophyta

 
 
 

Rhodophyta

 
 

Viridiplantae

 
 
 
Hacrobia
 

Haptista

 
 

Cryptista

 
 
 
SAR
Halvaria
 

Stramenopiles

 
 

Alveolata

 
 
 

Rhizaria

 
 

Također pogledajte

References

  1. ^ Brown, Matthew W.; Sharpe, Susan C.; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Heiss, Aaron A.; Lang, B. Franz; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Roger, Andrew J. (22. 10. 2013). "Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to opisthokonts and apusomonads". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences (jezik: engleski). 280 (1769): 20131755. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1755. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3768317. PMID 23986111.
  2. ^ Eme, Laura; Sharpe, Susan C.; Brown, Matthew W.; Roger, Andrew J. (2014). "On the Age of Eukaryotes: Evaluating Evidence from Fossils and Molecular Clocks". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (jezik: engleski). 6 (8): a016139. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016139. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 4107988. PMID 25085908.
  3. ^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (11. 6. 2015). "Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0130114. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1030114R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130114. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5159126. PMID 26068874.
  4. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria; Chao, Ema; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Berney, Cédric; Snell, Elizabeth A.; Lewis, Rhodri (1. 2. 2015). "Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 293–304. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.011. PMID 25150787.
  5. ^ Cavalier-Smith T (2009). "Megaphylogeny, cell body plans, adaptive zones: causes and timing of eukaryote basal radiations". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 56 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00373.x. PMID 19340985.
  6. ^ Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (19. 1. 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
  7. ^ Šablon:Cite biorxiv
  8. ^ Thomas Cavalier-Smith et al. 2015, Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 93, December 2015, Pages 331–362
  9. ^ Burki F (maj 2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): a016147. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147. PMC 3996474. PMID 24789819.
  10. ^ Burki F, Kaplan M, Tikhonenkov DV, Zlatogursky V, Minh BQ, Radaykina LV, Smirnov A, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ (januar 2016). "Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 283 (1823): 20152802. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802. PMC 4795036. PMID 26817772.
  11. ^ Janouškovec J, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F, Howe AT, Rohwer FL, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ (decembar 2017). "A New Lineage of Eukaryotes Illuminates Early Mitochondrial Genome Reduction" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (23): 3717–24.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.051. PMID 29174886.
  12. ^ Bodył A (februar 2018). "Did some red alga-derived plastids evolve via kleptoplastidy? A hypothesis". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 93 (1): 201–222. doi:10.1111/brv.12340. PMID 28544184.
  13. ^ Brown MW, Heiss AA, Kamikawa R, Inagaki Y, Yabuki A, Tice AK, Shiratori T, Ishida KI, Hashimoto T, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (februar 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
  14. ^ Lax G, Eglit Y, Eme L, Bertrand EM, Roger AJ, Simpson AG (novembar 2018). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature. 564 (7736): 410–414. Bibcode:2018Natur.564..410L. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. PMID 30429611.

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