^《長阿含·遊行經》:「戒定慧解上,唯佛能分別」 《長部·大般涅槃經》:「戒、定與慧,以及無上解脫,這些法被有名聲的喬達摩領悟。(Sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, vimutti ca anuttarā; Anubuddhā ime dhammā, gotamena yasassinā. )。」
^ 19.019.1Nhất Hạnh, Thích. Appendix Two. Breathe, you are alive! : the sutra on the full awareness of breathing 20th anniversary ed. Berkeley, Calif.: Parallax Press. 2008 [2022-07-24]. ISBN 978-1-935209-26-3. OCLC 647906962. (原始内容存档于2022-07-26). The practices of the Four Jhanas and the Four Formless Concentrations are not necessary for arriving at the fruit of practice, the awakened mind. The methods of mindfulness taught by the Buddha in the Sutra on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness can be seen as the incomparable path leading to emancipation. Although the Anapanasati and Satipatthana Suttas do not refer to the Four Jhanas and the Four Formless Concentrations, we should not conclude that they do not emphasize the importance of concentration. Meditation has two aspects: stopping (shamatha), and observation or looking deeply (vipashyana). Stopping is concentration, and looking deeply is insight. The Full Awareness of the Breath, or of any other object such as the body, the feelings, the mind, the objects of mind, and so forth, all aim at the goal of concentrating the mind on an object so that it is possible to see the object in all its depth. Concentrating the mind is stopping it from running around from one object to another in order to stay with just one object. We stay with one object in order to observe it and look deeply into it. In this way, stopping and observing become one. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
^Ajahn, Chah. The Teachings of Ajahn Chah, A collection of Ajahn Chah's Dhamma talks(PDF). The Sangha Wat Nong Pah Pong. 2007: 515 [2022-07-24]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2022-07-26). Although a number of highly esteemed scholars have written descriptions of the first, second, third, and fourth jh¯ana, what's written is merely external information. If the mind actually enters these states of profound peace, it doesn’t know anything about those written descriptions. It knows, but what it knows isn’t the same as the theory we study. If the scholars try to clutch their theory and drag it into their meditation, sitting and pondering, “Hmmm...what could this be? Is this first jh¯ana yet?” There! The peace is shattered, and they don’t experience anything of real value. And why is that? Because there is desire, and once there’s craving what happens? The mind simultaneously withdraws out of the meditation. So it’s necessary for all of us to relinquish thinking and speculation. Abandon them completely. Just take up the body, speech and mind and delve entirely into the practice. Observe the workings of the mind, but don’t lug the Dhamma books in there with you. Otherwise everything becomes a big mess, because nothing in those books corresponds precisely to the reality of the way things truly are.
^Richard Shankman. The Experience of Samadhi, An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation(PDF). Shambhala. : 137 [2022-07-24]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2022-07-24). The Venerable Buddhaghosa (who wrote the Visuddhimagga) invented these terms. Parikamma samadhi (preparatory concentration), upacara samadhi (access concentration), appanasamadhi (absorption concentration) —even these are his own words. You don't find these terms in the suttas, either. So therefore we don't see any evidence for supporting dry insight in the suttas.
^Chinese text of T 32, “T32 佛說四諦經”. SuttaCentral. [2022-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-26) (英语). 何等為,賢者!直正定?若,賢者!道德弟子,苦為念苦,習為念習,盡為念盡,道為念道,意止故不動不走,已攝止故意念在一,是名為直正定。