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In mathematics, intransitivity (sometimes called nontransitivity) is a property of binary relations that are not transitive relations. That is, we can...

intransitive in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Intransitive can mean: the opposite of transitive, see Transitivity (disambiguation) Intransitivity,...

An intransitive or non-transitive game is a zero-sum game in which pairwise competitions between the strategies contain a cycle. If strategy A beats strategy...

In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes...

Re-evaluation of the Five Macroroles Model, et al.”. Typological Studies 7: 83–109. Bentley, D. (2011) Split intransitivity in Italian. De Gruyter Mouton....

Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198249085. S. Temkin, Larry (1987). "Intransitivity and the mere addition paradox". Philosophy and Public Affairs. 16 (2):...

A set of dice is intransitive (or nontransitive) if it contains n > 2 {\displaystyle n>2} dice, X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n {\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},......

Verbs in Circassian languages can be distinguished between transitivity (intransitive, transitive and ditransitive), and valency (monovalent, bivalent and...

the player to receive more and more useful game elements. In case of intransitivity given A beats B and B beats C, A does not automatically beat C. On the...

graduates modeled skill rating as a vector of numbers, showing "substantial intransitivity". Skill-based matchmaking is a controversial practice. In Call of Duty:...

the door going from being implicitly open to closed. (1b) gives the intransitive use of the verb close, with no explicit mention of the causer, but (1c)...

suffix regardless of whether they are transitive or intransitive, and the transitivity or intransitivity of the verb is determined by the context. When causatively...

alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the subject of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, and differently from...

wring/be wrung", intransitive wengidek "to be twisted" transitive widinge "to deceive", intransitive widing "to deceive/be deceived", intransitive widingek "to...

transitive verbs like the dog chased the cat, and the single argument of intransitive verbs like the cat ran away. English has a subject, which merges the...

suffixes also include the suffix -t, which indicates intransitivity, but occurs only in truly intransitive forms, not in antipassive ones; in the present,...

In grammar, the intransitive case (abbreviated intr), also denominated passive case or patient case, is a grammatical case used in some languages to mark...

cursed John". A predicate that can only take a single argument is called intransitive, while a predicate that can take two arguments is called transitive....

(review) – Method of review often used in Norway Intransitive dice – Game variations and descriptions of intransitive dice and their behaviour Quincunx – Pattern...

secondarily intransitive. Other verbs like this include smash and extend. Other verbs, such as trip in (3) go the other way: they are primarily intransitive and...

infinitives, participles or gerunds. An intransitive verb is one that does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs may be followed by an adverb (a...

morphosyntactic alignment is ergative, treating both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb in one way, but the subject...

x is the successor number of y is both intransitive and antitransitive. Unexpected examples of intransitivity arise in situations such as political questions...

Pairwise comparison generally is any process of comparing entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred, or has a greater amount of some...

but with multiple different classes. According to Baker, the Split Intransitivity analysis has various advantages over the traditional approach in terms...

denominative verbs (verbs built from nouns); Form V is the equivalent used for intransitive denominatives. The associated participles and verbal nouns of a verb...

Defense, Stamina, and Balance types. The first three of those types have intransitive effectiveness, with Defense generally intended to be effective against...

for example, 'enjoys' in Amadeus enjoys music. This contrasts with intransitive verbs, which do not entail transitive objects, for example, 'arose' in...

morphosyntactic alignment in which the main argument ('subject') of an intransitive verb, the agent argument ('subject') of a transitive verb, and the patient...

markers are used on verbs to agree with the transitive object or the intransitive subject (absolutive case). Kʼicheʼ also has two second person formal...

(gone) which although undergoes semantic bleaching but still retains its intransitivity which does not allow for an ergative case assignment to the agent argument...

Example Found in Absolutive case (1) patient, experiencer; subject of an intransitive verb and direct object of a transitive verb he pushed the door and it...

alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which subjects of intransitive verbs are treated like subjects of transitive verbs, and are distinguished...

languages or the English imperative). A finite transitive verb or a finite intransitive verb can function as the root of an independent clause. Finite verbs...

structures. The most spectacular feature of TY and KY grammar is the split intransitive alignment system based on discourse-pragmatic features. In absence of...

dependent suffix. Two of England's examples of intransitive and transitive verb complexes are shown below. Intransitive verb complex with directional ma REC chin...

transitive verbs which allow such modification. For a similar group of intransitive verbs (especially motion verbs), it is the subject which is incorporated...

addition to considerations of priority. Beginning with his groundbreaking ‘Intransitivity and the Mere Addition Paradox,’ and culminating in his magnum opus,...

transitive objects. English grammar makes a binary distinction between intransitive verbs (e.g. arrive, belong, or die, which do not denote a transitive...

that is usually transitive can be converted to intransitivity with the suffix -ul- before the intransitive valency marker: aš-ul-a-bə 'was occupied' (vs...

the voice system Transitive: /-t/ /-nəxʷ/ /-x/ "transitive" Intransitive: /-əm/ "intransitive", /-éls/ "activity" (compare pə́n "get buried", pə́nət "bury...

ergative (A) arguments is the norm, in Car Nicobarese the subjects (S) of intransitive predicates and the patients (P) of transitive predicates often receive...

the valency of an intransitive verb (which has valency one) to zero. The impersonal passive deletes the subject of an intransitive verb. In place of the...

that take no object are expressed via intransitive verbs. In Indo-European languages like English, all intransitive verbs behave similarly ('They...

head comes at the end. Verbs, which are inherently either transitive or intransitive, accept various derivational affixes. Ainu does not have grammatical...

Burzio's generalization recognizes two classes of intransitive verbs: With unaccusative intransitive verbs (e.g., fall), the single argument bears the...

distinguished: intransitive, transitive, and semitransitive. The main difference between these three verbal clauses is that intransitives concern only one...

classified as: -n class (open, intransitive/semi-transitive) -l class (open, transitive/ditransitive) -r class (closed, intransitive) Agreement (linguistics)...

is the addition of the prefix /*ɦ/, which turns transitive verbs into intransitive or passives in some cases: Another pattern is the use of a /*s/ suffix...

okuliika 'to be edible' The intransitive conversive modification reverses the meaning of an intransitive verb and leaves it intransitive, or reverses the meaning...

ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents...

specifically, the morphemes ¬–nt and –el', denote transitivity and intransitivity, respectively. Meaning, they show whether or not a verb takes a direct...

tendency for the subject of an intransitive verb (marked by the absolutive case) to precede the verb. The subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a...

Archived from the original on 2023-12-09. Robinson, Stuart (2011). Split intransitivity in Rotokas, a Papuan language of Bougainville (PDF) (PhD thesis). Nijmegen:...

transitive verb or a voluntary subject of an intransitive verb but not for an involuntary subject of an intransitive verb. Since such languages are a relatively...

Bangime (/ˌbæŋɡiˈmeɪ/; bàŋɡí–mɛ̀, or, in full, Bàŋgɛ́rí-mɛ̀) is a language isolate spoken by 3,500 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali, who...

Secondary stems consist of a root + suffixes that indicate transitivity, intransitivity, and causativity. There are 3 tenses: present, past, and future. There...

more minor example is Forest Enets, which has the nondual only in its intransitive third person imperative verbs. The nondual violates a proposed universal...

those of a nominative–accusative language. That is, the subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike when it comes...

morphologically unmarked 'direct' case used for the subjects of all intransitive verbs and an 'oblique' case used for all indirect objects and benefactives...

similar concept is metamorphic code. Efron's dice are four dice that are intransitive under gambler's preference. I.e., the dice are ordered A > B > C > D...

object nucleus (in fact, they cannot be used alone). Tupi had a split-intransitive grammatical alignment. Verbs were preceded by pronouns, which could be...

nominative–accusative alignment in which subjects of transitive and intransitive sentences behave similarly, and differently from objects of transitive...

with cases, the classification depends on whether the subject (S) of an intransitive verb has the same case as the agent (A) or the patient (P) of a transitive...

concluded that instead of speaking about intransitive and transitive verbs, it may be better to speak only of intransitive and transitive constructions in Sumerian...

In fact, since so-called i-adjectives in Japanese can be analyzed as intransitive stative verbs,[citation needed] it can be argued that the structure of...

{\displaystyle A} over B {\displaystyle B} . The presence of this societal intransitivity is the voting paradox. Regardless of the voting method and the actual...

Intransitive Recordings was an independent record label for experimental music, founded by the artist Howard Stelzer. Intransitive published electro-acoustic...

consists of active transitive verbs as well as both active and stative intransitive verbs. To indicate the subject, active verbs use prefixes. In stative...

descriptive intransitive verbs can be treated as a subclass of intransitive verbs; the copular verb eko ~ iko is inflected like active intransitive verbs and...

‘put in (into something)’ from mlebu ‘to enter’. When attached to an intransitive verb, the derived verb can be benefactive, e.g. jupukaké ‘take (for someone)’...

intransitivities or other features that allow people to be Dutch-booked. However, if people are somewhat sophisticated about their intransitivities and/or...

respective intransitive and transitive suffixes indicating a repeated action. The postverbal morpheme li and liria are respectively intransitive and transitive...

defined it as: "hadana: he grew quiet. hadina: he quieted (transitive or intransitive). haadana: he made peace with. The noun from each of these is hudna."[citation...

conjugation II expresses a perfective aspect, hence usually past tense, and an intransitive or passive voice, whereas conjugation III expresses an imperfective non-past...

subject of an intransitive verb is marked. However, in sentences constructed in any other tense, or in past tense sentences with intransitive verbs, a nominative-dative...

441–474. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.00141. McKelvey, Richard D. (1976). "Intransitivities in multidimensional voting bodies". Journal of Economic Theory. 12:...

possible with contrastive intonation. Such tmesis can also occur with an intransitive phrasal verb, typically with an adjunct. For example: Come back tomorrow...

"to be lost" (intransitive verb) /kʼàhkʼ/ "fire" (noun) or "hot" (adjective) /kʼòk/ "to cut" (transitive verb) or "to be cut" (intransitive verb) /mès/...

for nominative case when it functions as subject in a transitive or intransitive sentence. Possession is usually expressed by genitive case marking of...

lexical verb. Lexical verbs are categorized into five categories: copular, intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, and ambitransitive. The descriptor lexical...

process"), because it syntactically turns a transitive sense into an intransitive sense. This is not always the case; for example in Japanese a passive-voice...

Correspondence I.1 G PaRiS the simple stem, used for transitive and intransitive verbs Arabic stem I (fa'ala) and Hebrew pa'al II.1 D PuRRuS gemination...

tripersonal. Unipersonal verbs have only a subject and so are always intransitive. Bipersonal verbs have a subject and one object, which can be direct...

using one of the above simple forms of "to have" (or of "to be" for intransitive verbs of motion) plus a past participle. These forms are used to shift...

lexicalization patterns in its verbs. It has very few intransitive verbs, and where some verbs would be intransitive in most other languages, Nen has a class of...

transitive verbs, and from active intransitive verbs. ii – 'instrumental nominalizer': Derived from active transitive and intransitive verbs, and from transitive...

predicative complement, and no complement at all, in the case of an intransitive verb. Similarly, an adjective phrase may consist of an adjective alone...

with a great many Verbs, who explain the concepts of transitivity and intransitivity to her. She is tried at court and for using bad grammar, and imprisoned...

1007/s10479-008-0352-z. S2CID 21000317. McKelvey, Richard D. (June 1976). "Intransitivities in Multidimensional Voting Models and Some Implications for Agenda...

action and is generalized as a concept. WapíȟyA "to boil things" Abstract intransitive; (wa-) Does not specify an object and is further generalized as a concept...

they can change a verb from intransitive to transitive. For example, in the sentence 'I got scared.', 'scared' is intransitive. However, with the addition...

mother.' In the corresponding antipassive clause, which is formally intransitive, the verb takes the antipassive suffix -on. The original object "your...

waa-. Ho-Chunk's intransitive verbs fall into three main types: intransitive active verbs, intransitive stative verbs, and intransitive 'third person-only'...

absolutive to the patient of a transitive or the single argument of an intransitive, and the dative to the indirect object. Reflexive prefixes can serve...

as transitive or intransitive. Some verbs that have a direct object when they are translated into English are, in reality, intransitive verbs where the...

axiom, Proclus' axiom (the parallelism, defined as non-intersection, is intransitive in an hyperbolic plane), the equidistance postulate (the points on one...

verb classes: Ergative and object-deletion verbs can be transitive or intransitive, as indicated in the following table: The distinction drawn here between...

the one which includes among its meanings that of the subject of the intransitive verb." "Where morphemes of both number and case are present and both...

Animate (VTA), Verb Intransitive Inanimate (VII), Verb Transitive Inanimate (VTI), Verb Animate Intransitive (VAI). Verb Intransitive Inanimate (VII) only...

nonexistent. "Intransitive" forms (also known as "impersonal reflexive" or "mediopassive") are obtained by attaching the reflexive pronoun to intransitive verbs...

with the Agent and Patient of monotransitive verbs and the Subject of intransitive verbs in several ways, which are not predicted by whether the language...

of are the following: Georgian has four classes of verbs: transitive, intransitive, medial and indirect verbs. Each class has its own set of rules of conjugation...

non-symmetric relations. A further distinction is between transitive and intransitive relations. Transitive relations exhibit a chain-like nature: if x is...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

Unit effectiveness against opponents follows the rock-paper-scissors (intransitivity) principle found in most real-time strategy games, and units' attack...

for transitive and intransitive verbs: an ergative case pronoun for transitive verbs and an absolutive case pronoun for intransitive verbs. In English...

impersonal passives, and other constructions in which transitives are used intransitively": Ello hay personas que lo aprenden bien (el inglés) 'There are people...

Greenlandic, in which the form of a noun or pronoun when the verb is intransitive (he ran) is different from when the verb is transitive (he broke the...

complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk can be used transitively or intransitively; that is, they can take noun phrase complements (e.g., he was in the...

climate change. Quaternary Research. Vol. 6. Link 1990 Can chaos and intransitivity lead to interannual variability? Tellus. Vol. 42A. Link 2005 Designing...

typically begin with a predicate noun, but may also begin with a transitive, intransitive, or passive verb. The table below summarizes the general order of elements...

(transitive) vs. "The glass broke." (intransitive). Since Dyirbal has fewer lexemes, a morpheme -rri- is used as an intransitive derivational suffix. Thus the...

"Notes on Intuitionisitc Modal Music" (1976) "Intensional Logics for Intransitive Experiences" (1979) "Parmenides on Intensional Logics" (1979) "Poetry...

International Journal of Linguistics, 54, 106–110. van Eijk, Jan P. (1990). Intransitivity, transitivity and control in Lillooet Salish. In H. Pinkster & I. Grenee...

the verb is transitive, or intransitive but volitional. So, *huā jānā is not valid construction. marnā (to die) is intransitive but it's a volitional action...

is related to C Syllogism, a related notion in propositional logic Intransitivity, properties of binary relations in mathematics Arc-transitive graph...

ergative-absolute alignment refers to a system in which the subject of an intransitive verb is treated similarly to the object of a transitive verb, while the...

other" (masculine) iktataba اِكْتَتَبَ or اكتتب "he is registered" (intransitive) or "he contributed (a money quantity to sth.)" (ditransitive) (the first...

perfective or completive aspect -in : patient focus ish- : found most with intransitive verbs (uncommon prefix) ka- : 'to make an X', 'two times' (with reduplication)...

along the following three parameters: active vs. neuter, transitive vs. intransitive, and personal vs. impersonal. Active themes are inflected for aspect-mode...

An ambitransitive verb is a verb that is both intransitive and transitive. This verb may or may not require a direct object. English has many ambitransitive...

probabilities is more complicated than may be obvious on casual examination. Intransitive dice: One can have three dice, called A, B, and C, such that A is likely...

Transitivity and valency Transitivity Intransitive verb Transitive verb Ambitransitive verb Valency Impersonal (Avalent) Intransitive verb (Monovalent) Monotransitive...

one of which was snowball Earth. This model introduced the concept of intransitivity, indicating that there could be a major jump from one climate to another...

/paˈtaħ//נִפְתַּח /nifˈtaħ/ (to open, transitive/intransitive) and גָּמַר /ɡaˈmar//נִגְמַר /niɡˈmar/ (to end, transitive/intransitive). Other relationships between a paa'al...

Books, 2015) ch.10 ( ISBN 978-1-4985-1651-8). Temkin, Larry S. (1987). "Intransitivity and the Mere Addition Paradox". Philosophy and Public Affairs. 16 (2):...

of intransitive and intransitive-transitive verb roots will take -jɔn to form the Medio-passive voice. Transitive roots, transitive-intransitive roots...

flexible role in English grammar, functioning as both a transitive and intransitive verb, and as an adjective, adverb, noun, and interjection. Although the...

the intransitive verb sleep is satisfied as it combines with the subject colorless green ideas, satisfying the requirement that an intransitive verb...

arguments of a transitive verb, but not with the single argument of an intransitive verb. Such a situation, which is quite rare among the world's languages...

Absolutive case (basic form of the word, no ending): marks the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive sentence. It is also used...

transitive verbs with an inanimate object ("TI"), intransitive verbs with an animate subject ("AI"), and intransitive verbs with an inanimate subject ("II"). A...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

vs. тхэ-н (to write generally, intransitive) ды-н (to sew something, transitive) vs. дэ-н (to sew generally, intransitive) шхы-н (to eat something, transitive)...

methods. He also wrote about the Condorcet paradox, which he called the intransitivity of majority preferences. However, recent research has shown that the...

Condorcet's voting paradox, and is analogous to the counterintuitive intransitive dice phenomenon known in probability. However, the Smith set, a generalization...

prefix signifies inner-directed states or actions, such as stativity, intransitivity, durativity, and reflexivity. Before noun roots, it is used as a third...

order of the elements is variable in transitive and in intransitive clauses. In intransitive clauses the common order is SV, but it is also possible...

(2013). Intransitivity cycles and their transformations: How dynamically adapting systems function. Poddiakov A. & Valsiner. J. (2013). Intransitivity cycles...

more loosely, even for ruins of ancient temples. As a transitive or intransitive verb, wat means to measure, to take measurements; compare templum, from...

There are several types of valency: impersonal (= avalent) it's raining intransitive (monovalent/monadic) he sleeps monotransitive (divalent/dyadic) he kicks...

phrase. According to Galvino (2000), the affixes in the Agent focus are Intransitive, because the verb form does not require another noun phrase to complete...

often used when defining other verbs, e.g. amble (verb) ambled; ambling intransitive verb to walk slowly to stroll without a particular aim For further detail...

and can be broken into four classes of verbs: animate-intransitive (AI), inanimate-intransitive (II), animate-transitive (AT), and inanimate-transitive...

ergative–absolutive case marking system while using the same verb "break" in both intransitive and transitive forms: Here, "table" has the absolutive case mark -р /-r/...

'via', blovi 'to blow') mi superruliĝos vin 'I will roll over you' (an intransitive verb ending in -iĝos won't normally take an object in the accusative...

many transitive and intransitive verbs), -n (found in some transitive verbs), as well as -c and -m (found in a handful of intransitive verbs which take a...

paper scissors (also known by several other names and word orders) is an intransitive hand game, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously...

construction, the object is given the same case as the subject of an intransitive verb, and the locative is used for the agent of the transitive verb (as...

free dictionary. Rock paper scissors, or paper scissors rock, is an intransitive hand game played between two or more people. Rock, Paper, Scissors or...

magic word". "Please" is a shortening of the phrase, if you please, an intransitive, ergative form taken from if it please you, which is in turn a calque...

Equivalence relation Euclidean relation Homogeneous relation Idempotence Intransitivity Involutive relation Partial equivalence relation Partial function Partially...

suffixes. Valence is marked with both prefixes and suffixes. Some common intransitive verbs have suppletive forms for singular or plural subjects and some...

object is not necessary) mêng-ajar = to teach di-ajar = being taught (intransitive) di-ajar-kan = being taught (transitive) mêmpêl-ajar-i = to learn, to...

prefix followed by /ia/ or /ja/, and occur as "topicalized subjects of intransitive, active verbs". Set II pronouns are made up of /ka/ or /ke/, apparently...

language: -rV (the most common option, found in many transitive and intransitive verbs) and its allomorph -n (following front nasal vowels), -nh (found...

In fact, Swampy Cree has no adjectives at all. Instead, it has the intransitive form of verbs. For example, instead of saying "he is strong", in Cree...

morphemes as follows /be'-ee/ 'to be red', intransitive and takes an inanimate subject /be'-eihi/ 'to be red', intransitive and takes an animate subject Concrete...

colloquial Singaporean Mandarin might use intransitive verbs as transitive. For instance, 进步 (improve) is an intransitive verb. But as influenced by the use...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

make use of suppletive verbs indicating the number of the subject in an intransitive verb or the number of the direct object in a transitive verb. Innately-numbered...

include Nuxalk, Ubykh, and Ainu. Prototypically, applicatives apply to intransitive verbs. They can also be called "advancements" or "object promotion" because...

it normally uses the same grammatical marking for the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive verb, whereas the subject...

"flirt" is unknown. The first use of the word dates to 1580—with the intransitive "flit" and the noun form—ca 1590—with the transitive "flick". Flirt has...

Ergative–accusative (or tripartite): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is in its own case (the intransitive case), separate from that of the agent (subject)...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

does not have a grammatical subject in the sense that English does. In intransitive clauses, the noun comes before the verb. When there is both an agent...

were cut off.' There are four verb categories in Blackfoot: intransitive inanimate, intransitive animate, transitive inanimate, and transitive animate. The...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

work. The construction could then be generalized to be used also with intransitive verbs. A vestige of the original interpretation is preserved in some...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

verbs belong clearly to one of two major formal types: intransitive or transitive. Here, intransitive verbs are those that cannot have an object and corresponding...

Linguistics, Inc. 1992. pp. 506, 548–549, 692. Stassen, Leon (1997). Intransitive Predication. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford...

Aggregation'. Social Theory and Practice, 28 (2): 303–314. (1999) 'Intransitivity and the Person-Affecting Principle'. Philosophy and Phenomenological...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

predicates that demand just a subject argument (e.g. sleep, work, relax) are intransitive, verbal predicates that demand an object argument as well (e.g. like...

Siberian Yupik Eskimo Ergative–absolutive language Transitive verb Intransitive verb Polysynthetic language Incorporation (linguistics) Language death...

terminology. American cases go up "on appeal" and one "appeals from" (intransitive) or "appeals" (transitive) an order, award, judgment, or conviction,...

ondergaan, past tense ging onder, past participle ondergegaan (separable, intransitive): to go under (to sink; to drown). ondergaan, past tense onderging, past...

noun Entity type Proper noun Entity Transitive verb Relationship type Intransitive verb Attribute type Adjective Attribute for entity Adverb Attribute for...

would the subject, for intransitive verbs, or the object, with transitive verbs). Example of verbal agreement in intransitive clause with a composite...

direct object. Verbs used without objects are called intransitive. Both transitive and intransitive verbs may also have additional complements that are...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

discrete entries in modern dictionaries. These verbs can be transitive or intransitive. If they are transitive, i.e. if they have an object, the particle may...

split-intransitive alignment systems of subject and object cross-referencing on the verb. The agentive arguments of both transitive and intransitive verbs...

Present present stem + personal endings taj-em (I run) „ Preterite of intransitive verbs past stem (the stress falling on the last syllable of it) + the...

related to the verb. More specifically, the verb is one that is ordinarily intransitive (lacking any object), and the cognate object is simply the verb's noun...

suffix –ri, the causative fa-, the resultative/stative mê-, and the intransitivizer ù-. While transitive suffix do exist they are few and far between leaving...

(soil) cloud (not fog) smoke (noun, of fire) fire ash(es) burn (verb intransitive) path (1952: road, trail; not street) mountain (not hill) red (color)...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

Times. November 26, 1877. Retrieved October 26, 2017. Da, Nan (2018). Intransitive Encounter: Sino-U.S. Literatures and the Limits of Exchange. Columbia...

are composed of five clause patterns:[citation needed] Subject + Verb (intransitive) Example: She runs. Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object Example: She...

conditions and cites studies of Riker and Dahl that as an empirical matter intransitivity of the voting mechanism may produce unsatisfactory inaction or majority...

George A.; Gips, Crystal J. (April 12–16, 1993). Paired Comparison Intransitivity: Useful Information or Nuisance? (PDF). The Annual Meeting of the American...

morphology. This means that objects of transitive sentences and subjects of intransitive sentences both fall into a single grammatical case known as the absolutive...

Condorcet's voting paradox, and is analogous to the counterintuitive intransitive dice phenomenon known in probability. However, the Smith set, a generalization...

the subject of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb Ergative verb, a verb whose subject when intransitive corresponds to its...

has such an object, as in "he kicks the ball"; and the subject of an intransitive clause, which does not have an object, as in "he runs". An object is...

the transitivity of the verb (i.e. whether the verb is transitive or intransitive); by default, both are marked with a so-called absolutive noun ending...

words are uninflected. Huichol major sentence types include transitive, intransitive, complemented transitive, and complemented. Complemented sentences contain...

in which every candidate is beaten by at least one other candidate (intransitivity). For example, if there are three candidates, Candidate Rock, Candidate...

Reconstructed features include prefixes such as the causative s-, the intransitive m-, the miscellaneous b-, d-, g-, and r-, suffixes -s, -t, and -n, and...

transitives, while intransitive jānā occurs mostly with intransitives; a compound of a transitive and jānā will be grammatically intransitive as jānā is. Finally...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

topkata – I want my ball (back) The difference between transitive and intransitive verbs can lead to significant differences in meaning with minimal change...

Portuguese). Generally, the verbs that take to be as an auxiliary are intransitive verbs denoting motion or change of state (e.g. to arrive, to go, to fall)...

Classes Active Transitive or Intransitive Transitive or Intransitive Intransitive Determinate Indeterminate Reciprocal Affirmative Simple تپ (tep) kick...

poem is written in the first person as a (would-be) record of personal, intransitive experience of the author. Henryka Łazowertówna Warsaw Ghetto Holocaust...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

“weather verbs”: štat—tišti “to rain” to derive causative verbs from intransitive verbs with stem CvCvC: gʿad—yigʿid “to wake sth. up” (from gaʿad—yugʿud...

verbs (with only one object, direct or indirect) or even as intransitives. Whether an intransitive use is unergative or unaccusative depends both on the verb...

"copy" of the case suffixes of the head. In verbs, the type of valency, intransitive vs transitive, is signalled by a special suffix, the so-called "class...

attainative forms have been mistermed transitive and intransitive respectively. Transitive, intransitive, passive, antipassive and 'antipassive passive' in...

Philippine languages, makes a distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs. Intransitive verbs are marked with the affix me- while transitive verbs...

sentence (the element on the right)." Thus, the syntactic category for an intransitive verb is a complex formula representing the fact that the verb acts as...

(Eng. "to have", It. avere), which contrasts with Italian, in which the intransitive and reflexive verbs take èssere for their auxiliary. For example, we...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

world. That is described as the intransitive objects of knowledge. Bhaskar refers to the elimination of the intransitive objects of knowledge and thus the...

initial ambiguity resulting from a "reduced relative with [a] potentially intransitive verb" ("The horse raced past the barn fell.") can be contrasted with...

past stem. The endings, however, are different for intransitive and transitive verbs. The intransitive endings are: The construction appears to be, in origin...

hypothetical participles based on the finite stems, referring to *edin (the intransitive aorist auxiliary) and *ezan (the transitive aorist auxiliary). There...

(there is a mouse in the house). Most verbs are inherently transitive or intransitive. As with the inherent part of speech of a root, this is not apparent...

the proposition. It inflects for the person and number of one (in the intransitive paradigm) or two (in the transitive paradigm) participants. E.g. ƛ̓ikm-Ø...

my recollection, my fraud began in the early nineteen-nineties." The intransitive verbs would end and began are in fact ergative verbs in the active voice...

of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object (usually indefinite) of an intransitive verb...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

(they (m)/they (f) saw) The verbs that use être as an auxiliary verb are intransitive verbs that usually indicate motion or change of state. Since some of...

constructions with avoir, in reflexive constructions, and with some intransitive verbs. Compound participles are possible: Present perfect participle:...

subgroups of Sn fall into three classes: the intransitive, the imprimitive, and the primitive. The intransitive maximal subgroups are exactly those of the...

strategy, which is a 'fluid S system' in the typology of Dixon (1994) where intransitive subjects are encoded like agents or patients based upon a number of semantic...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

with have 'to have' and participial forms, like in English. But some intransitive verbs form use være 'to be' instead, and some may use both with a difference...

surrounds it (e.g., "fit[-past] X into Y"); and for the spatial senses (both intransitive and transitive) of having been matching with respect to contour, with...

is writing a letter with the pen." This morpheme can be applied to intransitives (3) or transitives (4): (3a) Ábáana children ba-rá-ryáam-ye. they-PRES-sleep-ASP...

conjugations, one with a characteristic a which consists of passive and intransitive verbs, and the other, with a characteristic i which consists of transitive...

into transitive and intransitive; transitive involves two parties (i.e "I give it to you!" / "Kemînêwene!"), while intransitive is one party (i.e "You're...

argument), O or P (patient of transitive verb), S (single argument of intransitive verb), SA (Sa) and SP (Sp) or SO (So) (agent- and patient-like argument...

speaker is not the second argument of the verb although Italian uses an intransitive construction. Impersonal verbs, which lack a canonical subject, in Romagnol...

doi:10.1016/j.omega.2005.12.003. S2CID 26349552. Tversky, A. (1969). "Intransitivity of Preferences". Psychological Review. 76: 31–48. doi:10.1037/h0026750...

intransitive clauses can be illustrated below: Transitive: ri-kapa-ni 'He sees him/it' Active Intransitive: ri-emhani 'He walks' Stative Intransitive:...

with the active verbs being further subcategorized as transitive or intransitive." Some examples of this are: stative: ma-khata "I am hot" (I-hot) ni-khata...

(N) Ordinary noun bases (intransitive, transitive) Independent pronoun bases (intransitive) Demonstrative bases (D) (intransitive) Adjectival noun bases...

It has an ergative-absolutive typology, such that the subject of an intransitive verb functions identically to the object of a transitive verb. Notably...

verbs which use 'be' as an auxiliary are unaccusative verbs, that is, intransitive verbs that often show motion not directly initiated by the subject or...

patient/subject of the predicate has been interpreted as a trait of split intransitivity. This phenomenon occurs in all dialects, but which stative verbs the...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

person suffix (slot -1) and the verb stem itself (verbal core). For intransitive verbs, only the person suffix is relevant where it agrees with the subject...

doi:10.2307/2226342. JSTOR 2226342. Peter C. Fishburn (May 1970). "Intransitive Individual Indifference and Transitive Majorities". Econometrica. 38...

October 1997). Intransitive Predication. Clarendon Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-19-823693-1. Stassen, Leon (4 October 1997). Intransitive Predication. Clarendon...

haar werk (her work) and that is the object in the sentence. With an intransitive main verb, there is no recipient of the action, e.g. Die kind werk hard...

Sarci Reserve" sāsīnāhk. According to Denny (1978), Wolfart identifies intransitive verbs with transitive stems as clear examples of noun incorporation because...

/hæj.mæː.dm/ "northeast wind" /n.læk/ "fireplace" /k’l.k’oːl/ plural of intransitive verb "dull" Consonant clusters are common. Schulenberg reports finding...

the preposition ku. The same preposition also marks indirect objects. Intransitive clauses, the case-marked indirect object may precede the direct object...

cross-referenced in the verbal chain, and person agreement is very different in intransitive and transitive verbs. Person agreement is expressed with a complex system...

several forms. Independent verbs exist in four forms: inanimate intransitive, animate intransitive, transitive inanimate and transitive animate. There is also...

pantomime of nonsymbolic ("put your index finger on top of your nose"), intransitive ("wave goodbye"), and transitive ("show me how to use a hammer") gestures...

arguments they take, and in which cases — into monovalent intransitive, bivalent intransitive, bivalent transitive and trivalent ditransitive types (with...

of a given mood may depend on the transitivity of the verb (e.g., the intransitive form of the participial mood suffix is usually -lriar, but when this...

with the supine. The fourth principal part is sometimes omitted for intransitive verbs, but strictly in Latin, they can be made passive if they are used...

text among complementarian/biblicist Christians, sought to establish intransitivity between the text and more pejorative social interpretations by progressively...

fly' (irrealis) Intransitive verbs mostly employ a-class or ao-class prefixes. As a general rule, a-class verbs are dynamic intransitive verbs, while ao-class...

mono-, duo- or polysyllabic, and either agent (transitive) or patient (intransitive). Most verb stems are passive. Altogether, the Chiwere verb complex is...

Friederike (2007). "It's a split, but is it unaccusativity? Two classes of intransitive verbs in Jalonke". Studies in Language. 31 (3): 525–568. doi:10.1075/sl...

kur-: be exposed to; be together (passively) m-, ma-: actor voice affix/intransitive affix maka-: along; to face against mara-: comparative/superlative marker...

position Absolutive pronouns are used: as the S argument of independent intransitive and nominal clauses (in the southern dialect, only in realis mood) Mofökhö...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

be called" in an intransitive sense. Similarly, lekpe means "to lick" in a transitive sense, but "to be licked" in an intransitive sense, with the agent...

bevuto; stare and essere both have stato. All transitive verbs and most intransitive verbs form the present perfect by combining the auxiliary verb avere...

Condorcet's paradox, which shows that majority preferences can become intransitive with three or more options – it is possible for a certain electorate...

g. 'raise') takes dative or instrumental case, and the causee in an intransitive action (e.g. 'rise') takes accusative case. Causative morphology is also...

verbs are transitive or intransitive counterparts of consonant-base verbs. In contrast, i-bigrade verbs tend to be intransitive. Some bigrade bases also...

urgent challenges of modern political collectivity and conflict via intransitivity (Deleuze's becomings without a future), aesthetics (Rancière's rare...

or whether they know about the real world. This is described as the intransitive domain of knowledge. Reducing ontology to epistemology is referred to...

dance"), but each has an exclusive set of suffixes. "Intransitive" suffixes naturally apply to intransitive verbs, for which there is only one core argument...

preference intransitivity could be used as an indicator of cognitive slippage. He proposed that from a logical standpoint, intransitivities in preference...

same action, Rāma, occurs in the instrumental case. When made from an intransitive (akarmaka) or neuter verb, the same participle has no passive, but an...

In linguistics, an unergative verb is an intransitive verb that takes a subject argument which is a semantic agent, and actively initiates, and takes responsibility...

are optionally employed to represent the subject of a transitive or intransitive verb. Whenever the singular forms appear before a verb, their final vowel...

absolutive case marks both the object of transitive verbs and the subject of intransitive verbs. Satzinger suggests that Proto-Afroasiatic may have developed from...

stem of the present tense. A few past adverbial participles (mainly of intransitive verbs of motion) are formed in the same way, but most are formed with...

structure (the difference between the conjugation of transitive and intransitive verbs) existing in Lari can be mentioned as such an example. The speech...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

verb, and the object tends to follow (A–V–O order); the subject of an intransitive clause tends to follow the verb (V–S order). Nouns are grouped in two...

NP object (e.g. bring, carry, make, put, etc.) and prepositional or intransitive verbs that do not require an NP object (e.g. add, build, call, draw,...

Semantic feature Semantic primes Semantic property Shifting (syntax) Split intransitivity Thematic relation Type shifter Chierchia (1999) Partee (2014) Hackl...

subject of transitive verbs; O: object of transitive verbs, S: subject of intransitive verbs) are not marked for case, but are obligatorily indexed by a pronominal...

demotes the object of transitive verbs, and promotes the actor to an intransitive subject. This voice is very common among ergative–absolutive languages...

' For intransitive verbs, the subjects of active verbs typically have class I agreement. Because third-person objects are unmarked, intransitive active...

not predict all locative case forms, however. Nouns, particles, and intransitive animate verbs can all take the locative. The last is a common way of...

to form the tenses composed of the pronominal verbs and some of the intransitive verbs, this means that the structure of the verb imperative in its entirety...

classified into transitive and intransitive verbs." Lee (1975) states that one way to tell if a verb is transitive or intransitive is to combine it with the...

citation form of a noun. It is used for the argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause and the object of a transitive clause, for "syntactic possessives"...

express intensity. In Neveʻei transitive and intransitive verbs are represented by a technique in which intransitive verbs become transitive through the addition...

somebody else's wife). a lack of distinction between transitive and intransitive forms of certain related verbs like ligge ~ lægge 'lie, lay': han lagde...

two novels during this period using these techniques: the first, Love, Intransitive Verb, was largely a formal experiment.; the second, written shortly after...

freer SV / VS order in intransitive clauses.[citation needed] Cases like this can be addressed by encoding transitive and intransitive clauses separately...

accept this subject-object construct. Geology makes to subduct into an intransitive verb and a reflexive verb. The lower plate itself is the subject. It...

deictics of the third-person addressees. The nominative subject of an intransitive clause, transitive agent in non-past tenses, non-human and non-specific...

me") a passive construction formed with a passive participle plus an intransitive copula-like verb (e.g. English I am known); a prominence of anticausative...

at least for Tibeto-Burman, prefixes such as the causative s-, the intransitive m-, and r-, b- g- and d- of uncertain function, as well as suffixes -s...

Tamasheq, nearly all "modifying adjectives" are participles of inflected intransitive verbs. For example, the verb 'to ripe' is əŋŋá, and it is inflected into...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb). There are three degrees of transitivity: verbs can be either intransitive, semitransitive...

number of uses and does not necessarily denote anticausativity (or even intransitivity). However, in most cases it denotes either passive voice or one of the...

E-ISBN 978-94-012-0984-7 #19. The Vedic -ya-presents. Passives and intransitivity in Old Indo-Aryan., by Leonid Kulikov. ISBN 978-90-420-3522-5 E-ISBN 978-94-012-0797-3...

language, meaning that inflectionally the single argument (subject) of an intransitive verb is marked in the same way as the direct object of a transitive verb...

periods of time (поработи, "worked"). The contrast between transitive and intransitive verbs can be expressed analytically or syntactically and virtually all...

the text An Introduction to the Bootstrap (1994). He created a set of intransitive dice called Efron's dice. He has been given many honors, including a...

can be used either transitively or intransitively, and the adverbial forms might therefore be analyzed as "intransitive prepositions". This analysis could...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

eat-PRES.CONT. Punom is eating rice. On the other hand, the subject of an intransitive verb, or of the verb ꠎꠣꠃꠣ zaua 'to go', takes no case marker in its nominative...

"when I grew up"). The nominalized form: for nouns and intransitive verbs. A nominalized intransitive verb refers to the goal object of the action, as in...

brought up to 258 groups by Miller. In 1894 Miller produced a list of 294 intransitive groups of degree 10. In consequence, the Academy of Science of Cracow...

on the verb are absolutive, i.e., they index the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) and the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb...

reversal due to adding copies and near copies of an alternative, due to intransitivity of decision rules, due to adding phantom and decoy alternatives, and...

that can take affixes. These classes are nouns, adjectives, adverbs, intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, and positionals. Positionals in this language...

verb; when Johnny Keems says that "contact" is a verb, transitive and intransitive, Wolfe replies "Contact is not a verb under this roof". One of his most...

languages are ergative in their alignment. This means that the subject of an intransitive verb is treated similarly to the object of a transitive verb, but differently...

something begins an activity), and the intransitive hajimaru (始まる, an activity begins). Note: Some intransitive verbs (usually verbs of motion) take what...

Shlesinger, stand-up comedian Howard Stelzer, composer and owner of Intransitive Recordings David Stone, musical theater producer Olivia Thirlby, actress...

of case marking systems: nominative – accusative: transitive (A) and intransitive (S) subjects have similar case marking, different from that of transitive...

transitivity defining the four major subclasses: Animate Intransitive, Inanimate Intransitive, Transitive Animate, and Transitive Inanimate. Other verb...

would be the present participle of verb Sanskrit ullamb ("to hang", intransitive), with no inherent "upside-down" meaning. Moreover, neither the purported...

lie (as in a bed) 124 to sit te besel tele 125 to stand 126 to turn (intransitive) 127 to fall 128 to give te del 129 to hold 130 to squeeze 131 to rub...

intransitive verbs. The suffix -is causativizes some intransitive verbs. The suffix -b derives ditransitive verbs, and -ty derives some intransitive verbs...

verbs are sectioned into transitive, active transitive, and stative intransitive. A= Sa=cross referencing prefix O=So= cross referencing suffix In the...

the meaning 'my'. In Georgian this construction is very common with intransitive verbs; the possessive adjective (my, your, etc.) is omitted before the...

typical optative second person subject prefix xi-. Verbs are either intransitive, taking only a subject, or transitive, taking both a subject and an object...

lexicon-syntax interface and especially for her work on gradience in split intransitivity across languages. She has contributed to experimental linguistics methods...

original function as an adjective and showed case and gender endings—for intransitive verbs the nominative, for transitive verbs the accusative. For example:...

formations with transitive function and 'have in mind' in those with intransitive function), or from root *men- ('to tower, mountain') since all the most...

constructed with the aid of the auxiliary verbs sennen, haben, woaren: Some intransitive verbs take sennen instead of haben as auxiliary verbs if they: 1) indicate...

ergative, making no syntactic distinction between the subject of an intransitive sentence and the direct object of a transitive sentence. Split ergativity...

stem of the verb. The following example shows the conjugation of the intransitive verb هاتن hatin ("to come") in the simple past tense. The past stem of...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

dirty; (verb) to sully something or to get something dirty. to be with: (intransitive verb) to be ready and willing to participate. to do (something) slalom:...

subcategorization or valency, rather like the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs—determiners take a noun phrase complement like transitive verbs...

U+122DB 𒋛 SI Verb meaning "to fill", which has more active force than the intransitive verb TUŠ (to sit, dwell), having a highly ideological meaning.   182...

object. When a set B affix is attached to an intransitive verb, it indicates the subject of the intransitive verb. When an affix from set A is prefixed...

outcome or truth is not yet known. While they share many similarities with intransitive verbs, there are a few patterns that can be observed among adjectives...

transitive verbs, but they may also be used as the nominative of certain intransitive verbs in an active sense, such as 'amaki' ("he sits") and 'adamaki' ("you...

ergative–absolutive alignment. The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for case, and usually...

as bound possessive pronoun before dependent nouns and cliticized to intransitive verbs (that take an objective argument); long form used as bound possessive...

displays absolutive behavior: verbs agree with the number of the subject in intransitive sentences, but with that of the object in transitive sentences: ceoj...

into four classes based on their transitivity: animate intransitive (AI), inanimate intransitive (II), transitive inanimate (TI), and transitive animate...

(also bhūtkāl भूतकाल); (adj.) past, bygone ... Leon Stassen (2003), Intransitive Predication: Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory, Oxford...

There are many observed cases of triboelectric interactions that are intransitive with respect to the materials involved, an issue mentioned by Shaw in...

morphosyntactically between subjects of willful actions whether they are transitive or intransitive and subjects of unwillful actions. This results in her analysing Chocho...

documentation and was grammatically implausible, since the verb kuti – is an intransitive verb, and the chronicler's intended meaning for the word of "(he) who...

Lenape linguist Raymond Whritenour reports that schawan is an inanimate intransitive verb meaning "it is smoky air" or "there is smoky air". Its noun-like...

which means that it makes no distinction between the subject of an intransitive sentence and the object of a transitive one. Both are in the unmarked...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

Pingelapese language exhibits four primary sentence types: transitive, intransitive, existential, and equational sentences. Transitive sentences employ verbs...

and intransitive verbs, such as angjanma (to be born, incarnate) from janma (man), whether the result will be either transitive or intransitive can not...

change both transitive verb sentences and intransitive verb sentences to transitive causative verbs and intransitive causative verbs respectively. The morpheme...

usually intransitive, but can also be transitive. Often the middle endings make a transitive verb intransitive: παύομαι (paúomai) "I stop (intransitive)" ἵσταμαι...

in the nominalizer -ipen / -iben, and lose adjectival past-tense in intransitives (gelo, geli → geljas 'he/she went'). Other isoglosses (esp. demonstratives...

can extend beyond two domains to other trusted domains in the forest. Intransitive trust A one way trust that does not extend beyond two domains. Explicit...

This series is used to indicate stative intransitive subjects and direct objects. Example with stative intransitive subjects, lhinko "to be fat": Example...

noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with...

verbs: bærnan "to kindle" (transitive) and beornan "to be on fire" (intransitive), both from the Proto-Germanic root bren(wanan), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European...

conjugation will not have an object. The strongly conjugated verbs are intransitive. The system of ergative verbs is more pronounced in Nynorsk than in Bokmål...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

into three subtypes: transitive verbs, (inherently) intransitive verbs and derived intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs like -dren- 'pound' are inflected...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

Keith (1992). "Bantawa Rai s-, t- and z-final verb roots: transitives, intransitives, causatives and directives." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 15...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

agreement system in Tzotzil is ergative-absolutive, the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive verb are marked by the same...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

important typological features are possession marking on nouns and split intransitivity based on verb type (active vs. stative). Panoan: consisting of 30-40...

(to buy) 3 -a, -i L-H(-L), H-L (rare) intransitive verbs shìga (to enter) 4 -ē H-L(-H), H-L(-L) mostly intransitive verbs expressing the completion of an...

the Koch snowflake curve (Mar 1967) Conway's Game of Life (Oct 1970) Intransitive dice (Dec 1970) Newcomb's paradox (Jul 1973) Tangrams (Aug 1974) Penrose...

words—according to their structure—are verbs. So not only (transitive, intransitive and so-called "stative") verbs but even nouns often behave like verbs...

– the number of arguments a verb takes. As in many other languages, intransitive events are generally subject-first (e.g. a woman runs). For transitive...

French, except that French replaces avoir (have) with être (be) for some intransitive verbs. Aromanian shares this feature with Meglenian as well as other...

describes as "a blasting celebration of desire for desire's sake" and "pure intransitive exhilaration". The photograph used on the front and back cover of the...

intransitive verbs. Languages with ergative syntax like K'iche' may restrict the use of subject questions for transitive verbs but not intransitive verbs...

normal sentence word order is the expected transitive S-V-O-X(-) and intransitive S-V-X(-), there is variation in the form of S-X-V(-O), such as where...

negation. From a syntactic point of view, Araki contrasts intransitive with transitive verbs. Intransitive verbs never take either object NPs or transitive suffixes...

object of a transitive verb are both marked, while the subject of an intransitive verb is not. In the present tense, the object of the transitive verb...

interesting from a typological perspective. Intransitive verbs can be transitivized by {po-}, making the S of the intransitive verbs not the A but the O of the transitive...

a derivational relationship between active, causative and involitive/intransitive verb forms. The word order in Maldivian is not as rigid as in English...

phrase meanings, verb phrase meanings, and others. It can also apply to intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, or ditransitive verbs. In order to provide a...

(cf. Teso -r) which he takes to appear in the pronouns yer and wor, intransitive/passive -a (cf. Teso -o).[citation needed] The most striking of the Mande...

volitional and non-volitional classes contain transitive as well as intransitive verbs. The aspect of the verb affects which verbal suffixes and which...

noun phrase (NP). Verbs that take just one argument are classified as intransitive, while verbs with two and three arguments are classified as transitive...

mother.3SG.POSS V S {} O 'Cesar remembers his mother' VS order with intransitive verb: gɨ¹ PERF   ngɨ²¹ walk.3.PERF V seʼ³⁴ Cesar S do¹ DEM   gɨ¹ ngɨ²¹...

[intransitive]" 下 (o) 下りる (o-riru) "to get off/to descend" and 下ろす (o-rosu) "to let off (transitive)" 下 (sa) 下がる (sa-garu) "to dangle (intransitive)"...

ones for the verbification of nouns, conversion between transitive and intransitive verbs, and formation of causative verbs. Like modern Chinese, it appears...

relationship. Particularly with verbs of motion, wesa was also used in some intransitive contexts to express the perfect or pluperfect to express changes in state...

distinguished in the past tense. Derivational suffixes include -iŋ (intransitive/reflexive; e.g. lii "he washes" →   liiŋ "he washes himself" lii → liiŋ...

possession of the noun coincide with the markings of subject of the intransitive verbs quite frequently. On the verb, it is common to mark both the person...

between intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive verbs. Transitive and ditransitive verbs require one and two objects, respectively, while intransitive verbs...

The nominative/accusative could act as the subject of transitive and intransitive verbs, but also as the object of transitive verbs, and it was also used...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

this-CL job 'He did this job for his friends.' The predicate can be an intransitive verb, a transitive verb followed by a direct object, a copula (linking...

some sentences, playing the role of a dummy subject, normally of an intransitive verb. The "logical subject" of the verb then appears as a complement...

Color Legend for Arguments: Absolutive (Abs): Marks the Subject of intransitive verbs and Direct Object of transitive verbs. Ergative (Erg): Marks the...

accusative being unmarked) that also shows minor active–stative variation in intransitive verbs relating to existence or emergence. In existence or emergence verbs...

noun: mother-of pearl; nacre. Da ดา verb intransitive: to advance along a wide front Han หาร verb intransitive or transitive: to divide; to be divided...

French. Also, in Serbian: kakati 'to poop'. The verb is usually used intransitively. Martial (1.92.11) says: non cūlum, neque enim est cūlus, quī non cacat...

where ambiguity occurs. Subject markers are never used in sentences with intransitive verbs. Edana is sometimes spelt and pronounced edena. Hida always follows...

forms regular intransitives. Examples: i-phalt-i-mi 'he breaks it open' (transitive) du-phalt-as 'to break open, to explode' (intransitive) A master's thesis...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

Lontara script Possible reading Latin Meaning ᨕᨅᨙᨈᨕᨗ a'bétai he won (intransitive) ambétai he beat... (transitive) ᨊᨀᨑᨙᨕᨗᨄᨙᨄᨙᨅᨒᨉᨈᨚᨀ nakanréi pépéʼ ballaʼ...

only with children) Many verbs in Apma have distinct transitive and intransitive forms. (These distinctions have been lost to some extent in Suru Kavian...

does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is...

'shade' → hamahon 'to shade, to cover' manas 'hot' → hamanas 'to heat up' Intransitive verbs are formed by adding the prefix na- or nak- to a noun or adjective:...

ergative or accusative in transitive clauses, but not marked as either in intransitive clauses. There are also a few languages which employ only nominative–accusative...

changes of state), while patient incorporation can make a transitive verb intransitive. Patient incorporation is usually used for patients that are wholly effected...

come ≡DEF PREP Japan 'the person who came from Japan.' In Makassarese intransitive clauses, the 'absolutive' enclitic (=ABS) is used to cross-reference...

ntəntala·wsí·ne·n ('that is where we live [our lives]') from the animate intransitive stem /tala·wəsi·/. Prefixes are mutually exclusive and are selected based...

Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. Adjectives are expressed verbally - as intransitive verbs - with the exception of a few cases in which a separate word occurs...

word. Below are some examples of common Ojibwe words. Short list of intransitive verbs: waabi 'he/she sees' noondam 'he/she hears' bimose 'he/she walks'...

structure (the difference between the conjugation of transitive and intransitive verbs) existing in Lari can be mentioned as such an example. The speech...

verbs can be broken up into two more categories, namely transitive and intransitive verbs. The verbs can generally be distinguished by the relationship with...

in the day). Matis is an ergative-absolutive language. The subject of intransitive and transitive verbs are marked in the same way. The agent is what stays...

structure (the difference between the conjugation of transitive and intransitive verbs) existing in Lari can be mentioned as such an example. The speech...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

is made by adding -e to the second stem. This participle is active in intransitive verbs, e.g. rafte 'gone', but passive in transitive verbs, e.g. nevešte...

transitive verbs developed an intransitive sense similar to the spontaneous, passive, and potential, and these intransitive forms conjugated in the 下二段活用...

and intransitive clauses; and an emphatic series that marks pronouns to form emphatic pronominal expressions with both transitive and intransitive clauses...

translate well into Standard English, since the equivalent verbs are intransitive in Standard English. The past tense is marked with the suffix –(e)d/-(i)t...

applicative that combines with intransitive and transitive verbs, where the suffix *-ma introduces beneficiaries. With intransitive verbs, -mà introduces a new...

have') for transitive verbs and some intransitive verbs and with essere ('to be') for the remaining intransitive verbs, plus the past participle. Progressive...

system. Intransitives that align with the agent of a transitive verb (Sa) always show agreement by a proclitic (1). Meanwhile, intransitives that align...

human plural. Verbs normally agree with their absolutive argument (intransitive subject or transitive object) in gender. In the following examples, the...

language with both transitive and intransitive clauses.  Transitive clauses take the structure of SOV and intransitive clauses take the order of SV. Mamaindê...

but each of the two types of intransitive verbs (termed UP and UA) has their own suffix that they take. Intransitive verbs of type UP can take the suffixes...

mean knit cap Tote to mean carry Tump to mean tip or turn over as an intransitive verb (in the western South, including Texas and Louisiana) Ugly to mean...

SI (𒋛): Verb meaning "to fill", which has more active force than the intransitive verb TUŠ (to sit, dwell), having a highly ideological meaning. Given...

derives. The two verbs are sometimes confused, with lay used in the intransitive senses prescriptively reserved for lie. Nearly all of the basic irregular...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

that by rejecting the "politics of transition", the theory becomes an "intransitive politics", unable to articulate a concrete strategy for moving from the...

Eskimoan languages are ergative–absolutive. This means subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs are marked with the absolutive...

which the Bantu languages are so famous, but Bobo has causative and intransitive forms of the verb. Southwestern Mande languages and Soninke have initial...

for each verb class. -e                Animate Intransitive (AI) -ó                Inanimate Intransitive (II) -o                Transitive Animate (TA)...

some evidence in this dialect, apart from past transitive verbs, some intransitive verbs are influenced by the ergative structure. The phonology is based...

architectural treatise the Yingzao Fashi. Rock paper scissors: is an intransitive hand game, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously...

Choice Theory", Public Choice 61, 115–125 McKelvey, R. D. (1976). "Intransitivities in Multi Dimensional Voting Models and some Implications for Agenda...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

transitivity, while intransitivity replaces passivity as a still entirely feminine characteristic, the feminine as intransitivity being a sign or force...

direct-inverse person-marking hierarchy, apophony, and tone changes. Intransitive verbs are conjugated to agree with the subject in person and number....

hören, "to hear" – ge-hören (zu) "to belong (to)" brennen, "to burn" (intransitive), to be burning (stative verb) – ver-brennen (etwas), "to burn (something)"...

put in this verb template: Verb stem + (Aspect marker) + (Transitive/Intransitive marker) + (Object pronoun) + (Mood marker) + (Subject pronoun) The verb...

traditional Greek mythology. Aether is related to αἴθω "to incinerate", and intransitive "to burn, to shine" (related is the name Aithiopes (Ethiopians; see Aethiopia)...

stative and dynamic verbs can be correlated with: the distinction between intransitive and transitive the possibility of using the progressive aspect with the...

though not all variants are futile games. The term does not apply to intransitive games, such as iterated prisoner's dilemma or rock–paper–scissors, in...

transitive verb roots whereas everyday style uses non-cognate transitive and intransitive roots. By using this mother-in-law language a speaker then indicates...

eaten', with the prefix /dug-/. In many other cases, the transitive-intransitive verb pairs are appropriately described as causative vs. noncausative...

pull or pulling out as a transitive verb, or to become detached as an intransitive verb.) "gostan" – reverse a vehicle, probably from the nautical term...

forms are free morphemes with the function of subject of transitive or intransitive sentences. The absolutive pronoun prefixes mark possessors, objects of...

suffixes forming transitive verbs with applicative or causative meaning or intransitives with passive or inchoative meanings. Purépecha-language programming...

with transitive verbs, but in Kansai -taru or -taaru is also used with intransitive verbs. Similarly, -te yaru, "to do for someone", can be contracted to...

participle describes the logical subject of a verb when the verb is intransitive, but the logical object of the verb when the verb is transitive: e.g...

determiner. Which is a pronoun or determiner. Where is an intransitive preposition. When is an intransitive preposition. How is usually an adverb (e.g., How rusty...

del tu (intransitive) / tuteggiare (transitive, archaic) dare del Lei / dare del Voi Indonesian mengamukan (transitive); berkamu (intransitive); menggunakan...

Karelian. However, unlike Finnish, the construction is also used with intransitive sentences, characterized by the same -mV suffix on the verb, e.g. Udmurt...

encode the patient/object has been interpreted as a trait of Split intransitivity, and is apparent in all Otomi dialects; but which specific stative verbs...

or indirect) in the active voice are conjugated with the verb avoir. Intransitive verbs are conjugated with either avoir or être (see French verbs#Temporal...

go to Kokopo.' Two types of verb phrases include intransitive and transitive verbs. An intransitive verb is used when there is no direct object, while...

Ghostly International) Intimate Rituals of Kyle Bobby Dunn (Ltd. CDR 2011, Intransitive Recordings) In Miserum Stercus (Ltd. vinyl LP 2012, Komino) A Chance...

postposition hẽ, whereas transitive patients (P) and the sole arguments of intransitive verbs (S) are unmarked. Proclitics encode a wide array of features in...

ability to use different kinds of verbs in appropriate sentences, such as intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, and verbs taking different combinations of complements...

(1992). The Myth of the Independent Voter. Petrocik, "An Analysis of Intransitivities in the Index of Party Identification," Political Methodology, Summer...

コンピュータ konpyūtā or konpyūta computer computer English ダブル (noun), ダブる (intransitive verb). Also: "W" daburu double (noun and adjective) double; double-breasted...

are known as deponent verbs. Intransitive verbs such as sum "I am" usually have no passive voice. However, some intransitive verbs can be used in the passive...

realists distinguish the transitive (epistemological) dimension and the intransitive (ontological) dimension. In the context of knowledge production, the...

the origin on both sides of where they crossed would give opposite and intransitive preference rankings. (Strictly) convex. Convex preferences imply that...

rami-li 'to shoot' Intransitive verb stems usually are without object marking. The suffix -vi can only be used on four intransitive verbs. When the suffix...

go-TRA-1S-DEC 'I visited José' When the causative -dy is attached to intransitive verbs, they are transitivised. In these cases only animate objects are...

as good or very interesting. (see also List of English prepositions § Intransitive prepositions) Jespersen and others argue that many words traditionally...

Juang a number of roots are clearly exempt from the Transitive verb/Intransitive verb opposition, so that the function of the root can be determined only...

discussed below. The basic format of an intransitive thought as Doak identifies can be found below: The intransitive subjects of Coeur d'Alene appear as clitics...

case-marking Frequentative Germanic strong Germanic weak Impersonal Inchoative Intransitive Labile Lexical Light Modal Negative Performative Phrasal Predicative...

groups, in which some everywhere vanishing coefficients appear, are intransitive]. Math. Ann. (in German). 52 (2–3): 363–368. doi:10.1007/BF01476165....

others an impersonal or autonomous verb form serving as a passive or intransitive Welsh dysgaf "I teach" vs. dysgir "is taught, one teaches" Irish múinim...

are typically indicated with serial verbs. Lekwungen verbs are always intransitive unless they carry a transitive suffix. There are several different transitivising...

which is often divided into two sets: I for transitive verbs and II for intransitive verbs. The verb "be" is usually omitted in the present tense and with...

they have a stative or intransitive meaning also usually have a high tone: chit-ik-á 'happen' sungun-uk-á 'melt (intransitive), get melted' However, there...

form coincides with the one used in the absence of an object and with intransitive verbs, or the third person object suffix could be said to be expressed...

does not form a unique stem. The Egyptian prefix has a middle voice/intransitive/or passive meaning. Many of these roots have other proposed cognates...

victim (V) is affected by, or suffers from, if the original verb is intransitive, the act being done by an agent, as in V ga A ni shinareru (VがAに死なれる;...

– overcame – overcome (see also under become) Strong, class 4 cost [intransitive sense] – cost/costed – cost/costed Weak French loanword with coalescence...

Resistance in Israel by Yulia Zemlinskaya פ"ע (להשתמט מ-) השתמט hishtamet – intransitive verb; le-hishtamet mi- = [to] dodge, evade, shirk. Oxford Hebrew-English-Hebrew...

and Selkʼnam) that use OVS order in transitive clauses but SV order in intransitive clauses. Since all of those languages have ergative–absolutive alignment...

transitive and intransitive verbs), *-ñ (found in some transitive verbs), as well as *-k, *-m, and *-c (found in a handful of intransitive verbs which take...

active or passive meaning, and therefore could be used with verbs in intransitive as well as transitive use. However, the great majority of gerundive forms...

transitive or intransitive and the valence of each verb, therefore, may increase or decrease depending on their status as transitive or intransitive. Nouns can...

use of the intransitivizer, and is formed by applying the intransitivizer prefix "e-" to transitive verb forms, thus creating intransitive verb stems...

this means that the verb agrees with the subject in transitive and intransitive sentences in non-past, non-completed clauses, but when a completed action...

example, zo 'eat' may be suffixed to produce zo-shang-re 'eating'. Many intransitive verbs incorporate a causative -y- infix, sometimes followed by a -t suffix...

peculiar made-up variants. Special attention is drawn to the use of intransitive reflexive verbs and negative particles, and the language is literalised...

while "to be" is used in the case of verbs of motion and some other intransitive verbs (è andato, è stato: 'he has gone, he has been'). "To be" may be...

Cases Morphosyntactic alignment Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative Location, time, direction Ablative...

kylme-tä = 'to get cold', kylmenen = 'I get cold' para-ta = 'to improve' (intransitive), paranen = 'I improve' The imperfect indicative is formed by replacing...

improvements overcame this problem, but at the cost of introducing intransitivity in preferences. A revised version, called cumulative prospect theory...