一份中世紀的芬蘭語瞻礼单手稿,大約作於1340年-1360年,曾經被芬蘭圖爾庫港的道明會女修道院使用。此頁展現了六月的瞻礼单。
瞻礼单 是天主教會 整理教會年曆 的傳統方法。把每一天的一個或多個聖人 聯繫起來,而叫這天做聖人的瞻礼日(Feast day) 。這個系統源起於非常早期的基督教傳統,在殉道者 逝世的日子(即在天堂 出生的日子),每年紀念殉道者,以鼓勵教友 學習聖人的品德,像他們一樣戰勝罪惡、在基督 內復活。所以,圣人的宗教节日拉丁文 稱做Dies Natalis (誕生之日)。
在天主教會,纪念圣人的宗教活动被称为聖人瞻禮 。瞻禮原本是佛教 用语;天主教傳教士 初來中國 時,為翻譯拉丁文 而從佛教 借用。
天主教的慶節分三種:
節日 (Sollemnitas),最隆重的,例如聖誕節 、復活節
慶日(Festum),隆重的,例如2月2日獻主節
紀念(Memoriae),較不隆重,例如10月4日亞西西的方濟各 紀念日
羅馬禮教會有通用的禮儀年曆,包含了被認爲具有普世意義的聖人節慶;在宗座批准下個別教會或修會可以制定專用年曆,這些年曆可能包含對本教會或修會而言有特別意義的節慶[ 1] 。
羅馬禮通用禮儀年曆
日期不定(一般)
1月
主顯節 後主日(若主显节于主日,如1月7、8日,则于下一个周一) - 主受洗節 ——庆日
2月
3月
4月
5月
6月
七月瞻礼单手稿
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
12月
聖誕八日慶期內主日(若无主日,于12月30日) - 聖家節 ——庆日
地區性禮儀年曆
中國
1月14日 - 真福和德理 (司鐸)
1月15日 - 聖劉方濟 (司鐸、殉道)
1月23日 - 聖白小滿 (殉道)
1月27日 - 聖赵荣 (司铎、殉道)
1月29日 - 聖王炳 及同伴(殉道)或聖福若瑟 (司鐸)
1月30日 -真福雷永明 (司鐸)
2月13日 - 聖藍月旺 (司鐸、殉道)
2月18日 - 聖劉格來 (方濟克萊)(司鐸、殉道)或聖吳學聖 、聖文乃耳 及同伴(殉道)
2月21日 - 聖劉翰佐 (司鐸、殉道)
3月1日 - 聖曹桂英 (殉道)
3月12日 - 聖張大鵬 (殉道)
4月8日 - 真福雅松大 (修女)
5月4日 - 真福梅慕雅 (司鐸)
5月17日 - 聖劉文元 (殉道)
5月27日 - 聖白多祿 (主教、殉道)
5月29日 - 聖郝開枝 (殉道)
6月23日 - 聖袁在德 (司鐸、殉道)
7月20日 - 聖任德芬 及同伴(殉道)
7月21日 - 聖郭西德 (司鐸、殉道)
7月28日 - 聖陳昌品 及同伴(殉道)
9月11日 - 聖董文學 (司鐸、殉道)
10月25日 - 聖施方濟 及同伴(殉道)
11月7日 - 聖吳國盛 (殉道)
11月24日 - 聖徐德新 (主教、殉道)
英格蘭
According to the national calendar of England ,[ 3]
as requested by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and approved by the Holy See :
12 January: Saint Aelred of Rievaulx - Optional Memorial
19 January: Saint Wulstan , bishop - Optional Memorial
14 February: Saints Cyril , monk, and Methodius , bishop - Feast
1 March: Saint David , bishop - Feast
17 March: Saint Patrick , bishop - Feast
21 April: Saint Anselm of Canterbury , bishop and doctor - Optional Memorial
23 April: Saint George , martyr - Solemnity
24 April: Saint Adalbert , bishop and martyr or Saint Fidelis of Sigmaringen , priest and martyr - Optional Memorial
29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast
4 May: The English Martyrs - Feast
19 May: Saint Dunstan , bishop - Optional Memorial
25 May: Saint Bede the Venerable , priest and doctor - Memorial
27 May: Saint Augustine of Canterbury , bishop - Feast
5 June: Saint Boniface , martyr - Memorial
6月9日 - 聖高隆 (院长)——纪念(可选)
16 June: Saint Richard of Chichester , bishop - Optional Memorial
20 June: Saint Alban , martyr - Optional Memorial
22 June: Saints John Fisher , bishop and Thomas More , martyrs - Feast
23 June: Saint Etheldreda (Audrey) , virgin - Optional Memorial
1 July: Saint Oliver Plunket , bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial
11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast
23 July: Saint Bridget , religious - Feast
9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) , virgin and martyr - Feast
26 August: Blessed Dominic of the Mother of God Barberi , priest - Optional Memorial
30 August: Saints Margaret Clitherow , Anne Line and Margaret Ward , martyrs - Optional Memorial
31 August: Saint Aidan , bishop and the Saints of Lindisfarne - Optional Memorial
3 September: Saint Gregory the Great , pope and doctor - Feast
4 September: Saint Cuthbert , bishop - Optional Memorial
19 September: Saint Theodore of Canterbury , bishop - Optional Memorial
24 September: Our Lady of Walsingham - Memorial
9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman , priest - Optional Memorial
10 October: Saint Paulinus of York , bishop - Optional Memorial
12 October: Saint Wilfrid , bishop - Optional Memorial
13 October: Saint Edward the Confessor - Optional Memorial
26 October: Saints Chad and Cedd , bishop - Optional Memorial
3 November: Saint Winefride , virgin - Optional Memorial
7 November: Saint Willibrord , bishop - Optional Memorial
16 November: Saint Edmund of Abingdon , bishop or Saint Margaret of Scotland - Optional Memorial
17 November: Saint Hilda , abbess or Saint Hugh of Lincoln , bishop or Saint Elizabeth of Hungary - Optional Memorial
30 November: Saint Andrew , apostle - Feast
29 December: Saint Thomas Becket , bishop and martyr - Feast
法國
According to the Calendrier propre à la France' [ 4]
1月3日 - 聖女日南斐法 (童貞)——紀念(可選)
15 January: Saint Remigius , bishop - Optional Memorial
14 February: Saints Cyril , monk and Methodius , bishop - Feast
19 February: Saint Bernadette Soubirous , virgin - Optional Memorial
29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast
20 May: Saint Ivo , priest - Optional Memorial
5月30日 - 聖女貞德 (童貞、法蘭西第二主保聖人)——紀念
2 June: Saint Pothinus , bishop, Saint Blandina , virgin, and their companions, martyrs - Optional Memorial
5 June: Saint Clotilde - Optional Memorial
11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast
23 July: Saint Brigitta , religious - Feast
9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross , virgin and martyr - Feast
15 August: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary , principal patroness of France - Solemnity
26 August: Saint Caesarius of Arles , bishop - Optional Memorial
1 October: Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus , virgin, secondary patroness of France - Memorial
愛爾蘭
According to the national calendar of Ireland ,[ 5] as drawn up by the Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference and approved by the Holy See :
3 January: Saint Munchin , bishop - Optional Memorial
15 January: Saint Ita , virgin - Memorial
16 January: Saint Fursa , abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial
30 January: Saint Aidan , bishop - Optional Memorial
1 February: Saint Brigid , virgin - Feast
7 February: Saint Mel , bishop - Optional Memorial
11 February: Saint Gobnait , virgin - Optional Memorial
14 February: Saints Cyril , monk and Methodius , bishop - Feast
17 February: Saint Fintan - Optional Memorial
1 March: Saint David , bishop - Optional Memorial
5 March: Saint Kieran , bishop - Optional Memorial
8 March: Saint Senan , bishop - Optional Memorial
11 March: Saint Aengus (Oengus) , bishop and abbot - Optional Memorial
17 March: Saint Patrick , bishop - Solemnity
21 March: Saint Enda , abbot - Optional Memorial
24 March: Saint Macartan , bishop - Optional Memorial
1 April: Saint Ceallach (Celsus) , bishop - Optional Memorial
18 April: Saint Molaise (Laisrén, Laserian) , bishop - Optional Memorial
27 April: Saint Asicus , bishop - Optional Memorial
29 April: Saint Catherine of Siena , virgin and doctor - Feast
4 May: Saint Conleth , bishop - Optional Memorial
5 May: Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice , religious - Optional Memorial
10 May: Saint Comgall , abbot - Optional Memorial
15 May: Saint Carthage , bishop (Mochuta) - Optional Memorial
16 May: Saint Brendan , abbot - Optional Memorial
3 June: Saint Kevin , abbot - Memorial
6 June: Saint Jarlath , bishop - Optional Memorial
7 June: Saint Colman of Dromore , bishop - Optional Memorial
6月9日 - 聖高隆 (院长、傳教士)——慶日
14 June: Saint Davnet , virgin - Optional Memorial
20 June: Blessed Irish Martyrs - Memorial
1 July: Saint Oliver Plunkett , bishop and martyr - Memorial
6 July: Saint Moninne , virgin - Optional Memorial
7 July: Saint Maelruain (Maolruain) , virgin - Optional Memorial
8 July: Saint Killian , bishop and martyr - Optional Memorial
11 July: Saint Benedict , abbot - Feast
23 July: Saint Birgitta , religious - Feast
24 July: Saint Declan , bishop - Optional Memorial
9 August: Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) , virgin and martyr - Feast
9 August: In the revised liturgical calendar for Ireland, approved by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on 1 October 1998 (Protocol No. 227/97/L), optional memorials of Saint Nathy and Saint Felim were assigned to this day; outside the dioceses that celebrate them with a higher rank, their celebrations are impeded by that of Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, who was later declared one of the patron saints of Europe.
12 August: Saint Muiredach , bishop, Saint Attracta , virgin, or Saint Lelia , virgin - Optional Memorials
13 August: Saint Fachtna , bishop - Optional Memorial
17 August: Our Lady of Knock - Feast
23 August: Saint Eugene (Eoghan) , bishop - Optional Memorial
30 August: Saint Fiacre , monk - Optional Memorial
31 August: Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne , bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial
4 September: Saint Mac Nissi , bishop - Optional Memorial
9 September: Saint Ciaran , abbot - Memorial
12 September: Saint Ailbe , bishop - Optional Memorial
23 September: The celebration of Saint Eunan (Adomnan) , abbot as an optional memorial is now generally impeded by the later assignation to this date in the General Calendar of the obligatory memorial of Saint Pio of Pietralcina
25 September: Saint Finbarr , bishop - Optional Memorial
3 October: Blessed Columba Marmion , priest - Optional Memorial (in some places)
9 October: Blessed John Henry Newman , priest - Optional Memorial (in some places)
11 October: Saint Canice , abbot - Optional Memorial
16 October: Saint Gall , abbot and missionary - Optional Memorial
27 October: Saint Otteran , monk - Optional Memorial
29 October: Saint Colman of Kilmacduagh , bishop - Optional Memorial
3 November: Saint Malachy , bishop - Memorial
6 November: All Saints of Ireland - Feast
7 November: Saint Willibrord , bishop - Optional Memorial
14 November: Saint Laurence O'Toole , bishop- Optional Memorial
23 November: Saint Columban , abbot and missionary - Memorial
25 November Saint Colman of Cloyne , bishop - Optional Memorial
27 November Saint Fergal , bishop and missionary - Optional Memorial
12 December Saint Finnian of Clonard , bishop - Optional Memorial
18 December Saint Flannan , bishop - Optional Memorial
20 December Saint Fachanan of Kilfenora , bishop - Optional Memorial
蘇格蘭
According to the national calendar of Scotland , as requested by the Bishops' Conference of Scotland and approved by the Holy See :[來源請求]
澳洲
紐西蘭
参考文献
外部链接
参见