DOKUMEN123.COM

biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions...

An active metabolite, or pharmacologically active metabolite is a biologically active metabolite of a xenobiotic substance, such as a drug or environmental...

A primary metabolite is a kind of metabolite that is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. It usually performs a physiological...

Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e...

Metabolite channeling is the passing of the intermediary metabolic product of one enzyme directly to another enzyme or active site without its release...

Metabolite pool is a collective term for all of the substances involved in the metabolic process in a biological system. Metabolic pools are within cells...

Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites, the small molecule substrates, intermediates, and products of cell metabolism...

Metabolite damage can occur through enzyme promiscuity or spontaneous chemical reactions. Many metabolites are chemically reactive and unstable and can...

Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) is a method designed to help metabolomics researchers identify and interpret patterns of metabolite concentration...

9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; these two hydroxy metabolites are enzymatically oxidized to their keto metabolites, 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acid and 9-oxo-octadecdienoic...

make them especially suitable for use in women and children. There are metabolites of Nandrolone that act as long-lasting prodrugs in the body, such as...

JWH-018 and its N-dealkylated metabolite were only detected in small amounts, with hydroxylated N-dealkylated metabolites comprising the primary signal...

isomer of octane. It has a role as a human metabolite, a bacterial metabolite and a mammalian metabolite. It is an alkane and a volatile organic compound...

a human urinary metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an insect trap, a plant metabolite and a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from...

of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they...

LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc., 548 U.S. 124 (2006), is the first case since Diamond v. Chakrabarty in which the U.S. Supreme Court indicated a renewed interest...

7-hydroxymitragynine, an active metabolite of mitragynine. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl can be produced in the blood as a metabolite of 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine...

enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases. In phase III, the resulting metabolites may be further modified before being recognised by efflux transporters...

high-quality, freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast). The...

Homovanillyl alcohol is a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol, which in turn is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Homovanillic acid Homovanillyl...

enzymatically) the sulfenic acid is reduced to the active thiol metabolite.. The active metabolite has three sites that are stereochemically relevant, making...

has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an alpha-CH2-containing...

6-acetylmorphine, or 6-AM) is an opioid and also one of three active metabolites of heroin (diacetylmorphine), the others being morphine and the much...

3α- and 3β-keto-oxidation, and 11β-hydroxy-oxidation. Its known active metabolites include 5α-dihydrofluoxymesterone and 11-oxofluoxymesterone. Fluoxymesterone...

3-dihydro-LSD, is a lysergamide and metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is a metabolite of LSD in both humans and various...

hepatic biotransformation by a variety of enzymatic pathways. The primary metabolites are unique to stanozolol and are detectable in the urine for up to 10...

effects of phytosterol content on the urinary excretion of boldenone metabolites". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55 (20): 8275–83. doi:10...

Oxyphenbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a metabolite of phenylbutazone. It was withdrawn from markets worldwide in the mid-1980s...

Database (HMDB) is a comprehensive online database of small molecule metabolites found in the human body. It has been created by the Human Metabolome...

metabolomes). A primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved...

Benzoylecgonine is the main metabolite of cocaine, formed by the liver and excreted in the urine. It is the compound tested for in most cocaine urine drug...

N-dealkylation. Several metabolites of trazodone have been identified, including a dihydrodiol metabolite (via hydroxylation), a metabolite hydroxylated at the...

sold under the tradename Hidrasec, among others. Thiorphan is the active metabolite of racecadotril, which exerts the bulk of its inhibitory actions on enkephalinases...

Norcocaine is a minor metabolite of cocaine. It is the only confirmed pharmacologically active metabolite of cocaine, although salicylmethylecgonine is...

organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes...

inhibitor and a sigma-1 receptor agonist. Dextromethorphan and its major metabolite dextrorphan also block the NMDA receptor at high doses, producing effects...

urinary frequency. Midodrine is a prodrug of its active metabolite desglymidodrine. This metabolite acts as a selective agonist of the α1-adrenergic receptor...

O-desmethyltramadol (O-DSMT), is an opioid analgesic and the main active metabolite of tramadol. Tramadol is demethylated by the liver enzyme CYP2D6 to desmetramadol...

neurotoxicity of its metabolite, norpethidine, it is more toxic than other opioids—especially during long-term use. The norpethidine metabolite was found to have...

prior to UFC 182. He tested positive for benzoylecgonine, the primary metabolite of cocaine. Because benzoylecgonine is not banned out-of-competition by...

N-demethylated phase I metabolite of MDMA, potently activated the receptor at submicromolar concentrations [14]. This suggests that the metabolite MDA rather than...

also known as α-methylepinine or α,N-dimethyldopamine, is the major metabolite of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). It is formed from MDMA...

vitro. 7-Hydroxyropinirole (SK&F-89124), a major metabolite of ropinirole in rats but minor metabolite in humans (<5% of dose), is a highly potent dopamine...

indicates that most strains are capable of producing harmful secondary metabolites (alkaloids and other mycotoxins) under certain growth conditions. Aristolochene...

of Krypton, a mixture of kratom, caffeine and O-desmethyltramadol, a metabolite of the opioid analgesic tramadol. Kratom contains at least 54 alkaloids...

Small multidrug resistance proteins (also known as drug/metabolite transporter) are a family of integral membrane proteins that confer drug resistance...

diseases in India, which can damage plant health and reduce its secondary metabolite content. The plant, particularly its root powder, has been used for centuries...

families. It is a monoamine releasing agent and a metabolite of MDMA and MDA. The bis-glutathionyl metabolite of α-methyldopamine is slightly neurotoxic when...

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) is an active metabolite of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). It is a slightly more potent stimulant than...

remain high. The second mechanism centers on the paracetamol metabolite AM404. This metabolite has been detected in the brains of animals and cerebrospinal...

the metabolite appeared in urine after 1.5 to 14 hours. Maximal concentrations (0.49 to 2.69 mg/L) were achieved after 1.5 to 39 hours and metabolite can...

relaxant effects. It is both a synthetic precursor to, and an active metabolite of tranquilizers and other derivatives: Carisoprodol Lorbamate Meprobamate...

known as norselegiline or as N-propargyl-L-amphetamine, is an active metabolite of selegiline, a medication used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease...

Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is a major active metabolite of morphine. M6G is formed from morphine by the enzyme UGT2B7. It has analgesic effects roughly...

samples were collected from these volunteers for the identification of DMT metabolites. This is considered to be the link between the chemical structure of...

antihistamine properties. Metabolites identified include an N-dealkylated metabolite and an O-dealkylated 1/16 metabolite with a plasma half-life of...

substance is reversibly converted by an aldo-keto reductase enzyme to a metabolite (called ESP15228) that is also pharmacologically active in form of its...

and is extensively metabolized in the liver to active and inactive metabolites before being excreted in feces and urine. Side effects include red eyes...

Leriglitazone is a PPAR-gamma agonist and metabolite of the glitazone pioglitazone. It is developed for adrenomyeloneuropathy, and other neurodegenerative...

triterpenoid chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds. It is an insecticide used particularly in organic...

highly reactive compound that occurs as the enol. It is a physiological metabolite, and a marker for oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde mainly exists as its...

thioether metabolite. Some of rabeprazole's metabolites include the following: a thioether carboxylic acid metabolite, a thioether glucuronide metabolite, and...

metabolized in the liver to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl acetic acid. Nabumetone's active metabolite inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme and...

Database (ECMDB) is a freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in or produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli strain K12, MG1655)...

Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids...

low doses and postsynaptic D2 receptors only at higher doses. A major metabolite of buspirone, 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP), circulates at higher...

drugs (incl. aspirin) for patients with RVO. Large doses of salicylate, a metabolite of aspirin, cause temporary tinnitus (ringing in the ears) based on experiments...

Genistein Genistin Glycitein Glycitin Ononin Daidzein Equol (metabolite) O-DMA (metabolite) Daidzin (leaves) Globulins (proteins) Beta-conglycinin Glycinin...

animals, TMAO is a product of the oxidation of trimethylamine, a common metabolite of trimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds, like choline, trimethylglycine...

active metabolite of the antiparkinsonian agent ropinirole (SK&F-101468). It is a major metabolite of ropinirole in rats and dogs but a minor metabolite in...

metabolism in the liver. Its major metabolites include an inactive metabolite, N-desmethylclarithromycin, and an active metabolite, 14-(R)-hydroxyclarithromycin...

vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes. Ospemifene is an analogous metabolite of toremifene. Unlike tamoxifen, toremifene is not a rat hepatocarcinogen...

active metabolites. The main active metabolite of diazepam is desmethyldiazepam (also known as nordazepam or nordiazepam). Its other active metabolites include...

and excretion. This is used to measure the removal of things such as metabolites, drugs, and signalling molecules from the body. Typically, the biological...

Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) is an active metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug primidone, although it is produced in a much lower concentration than phenobarbital...

seizure threshold is likely due to its active metabolite, phenobarbital. The drug’s other active metabolite is Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). Primidone was...

androstenediol (A5), 3α-androstanediol, and 3β-androstanediol. Some estrogen metabolites, such as the catechol estrogens 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone...

M1 (AFM1), metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) Aflatoxin M2, metabolite of aflatoxin...

is sufficient for antidepressant action or its metabolites are also important; the active metabolite of ketamine, hydroxynorketamine, which does not...

variants of CYP2D6 enzymes may not produce adequate amounts of the active metabolite (desmetramadol) for effective pain control. Sleep medicine physicians...

least 5 metabolites. These metabolites are the N4-acetyl-, N4-hydroxy-, 5-methylhydroxy-, N4-acetyl-5-methylhydroxy-sulfamethoxazole metabolites, and an...

https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0014493 Ralvenius WT, Acuña MA, Benke D, Matthey A, Daali Y, Rudolph U, et al. (October 2016). "The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl...

insomnia, and to control symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, and has moderate amnesic, anxiolytic...

temperature regimes, extracellular enzyme activity profiles, and secondary metabolite patterns. The earliest synonym of W. sebi recorded is Torula epizoa Corda...

CYP2C9. The major active metabolite is N-desmethylsildenafil. The plasma level of the equivalent homosildenafil metabolite reaches 40% of sildenafil's...

half-life. Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life, while its active metabolite has a very long half-life. The drug has amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic...

not the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Its principal active metabolites are chlorodesmethyldiazepam (also known as chloronordiazepam or delorazepam...

following metabolic conversion into meprobamate, carisoprodol's main active metabolite. Carisoprodol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959...

debut, he tested positive for clomiphene and its metabolites M1 and M2, as well as a long-term metabolite of dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (DHCMT),...

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine, is a human trace amine and the major metabolite of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine. It is formed by the introduction...

or its metabolites accomplishes this involves subverting the antigen presentation pathways of the innate immune system. The drug or metabolite covalently...

passaging of fluids to organs. In A. fumigatus specifically, secondary metabolites have been found to inhibit the development of new blood vessels leading...

substance in the United States in 1980. In humans, phenylacetone occurs as a metabolite of amphetamine and methamphetamine via FMO3-mediated oxidative deamination...

a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It is one of the major metabolites of tetrazepam. Benzodiazepine NL Patent 6600095 "nortetrazepam". psychotropics...

to 33% in different studies based on metabolite excretion. Circulating levels of psilocin's deaminated metabolite are far higher than those of free unmetabolized...

to be a prodrug for descarboxyloflazepate, its active metabolite. It is the active metabolite which is responsible for most of the pharmacological effects...

cocaine in the liver, producing two primarily biologically inactive metabolites—benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester. If ethanol is also present...

inactive metabolite of both dextromethorphan and levomethorphan, and has been shown to produce local anesthetic effects. It is the CYP3A4 metabolite of the...

Caution is needed in prescribing imipramine (and its commercially available metabolite, desipramine) in children and youth/adolescents (whether they suffer with...

Thousands of sponge derived secondary metabolites have been successfully isolated from sponges, with many metabolites having potential medicinal properties...

Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a minor metabolite of the anesthetic, dissociative, and antidepressant drug ketamine. It is formed...

others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). It is the N-demethylated metabolite of loxapine. Amoxapine first received marketing approval in the United...

salts, and esters are pyroglutamate, 5-oxoprolinate, or pidolate. It is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle that is converted to glutamate by 5-oxoprolinase...

546 U.S. 999 (2005). Subsequent history: Lab. Corp. of Am. Holdings v. Metabolite Labs., Inc., 571 F. Supp. 2d 1199 (D. Colo. 2008) (partial relitigation);...

Catechin /ˈkætɪkɪn/ is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called...

against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in freshwater aquaria. The principal metabolite, leuco-malachite green (LMG), is found in fish treated with malachite...

convert lipophilic drug molecules into more readily excreted hydrophilic metabolites with direct consequences for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and...

protein binding with amitriptyline. Since amitriptyline and its active metabolite nortriptyline are primarily metabolized by cytochromes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19...

derivative which acts as a sedative and hypnotic drug, and the active metabolite of the drug Rilmazafone. It has never been developed for medical uses...

analgesics, as skin absorption occurs easily. Salicylic acid, the major metabolite of methyl salicylate, may accumulate in blood which may help professionals...

treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Selexipag and its active metabolite, ACT-333679 (or MRE-269, the free carboxylic acid), are agonists of the...

(3-hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam, DP 370) is a benzodiazepine that is a minor metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug. Nifoxipam...

Atomoxetine's limitedly active metabolite N-desmethylatomoxetine is 99.1% bound to plasma proteins, whereas its active metabolite 4-hydroxyatomoxetine shows...

concentrations of chloral hydrate and/or trichloroethanol, its major active metabolite, may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients...

chromatography (GC) – mass spectrometry (MS) reference library dedicated to metabolite profiling experiments and comprises mass spectral and retention index...

45% ± 21% as N-demethylated metabolites (noroxycodone, noroxymorphone, noroxycodols), 11 ± 6% as O-demethylated metabolites (oxymorphone, oxymorphols)...

naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae, including henbane, mandrake...

definition is often further restricted to secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites (or specialized metabolites) are not essential for survival, but nevertheless...

Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it can cause...

Maresin 1, and more recently defined maresins, are 12-lipoxygenase-derived metabolites of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that possess potent...

Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The l-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because l-threonate...

about 80,000 compounds. They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known natural products. Many terpenoids have...

conjugates of the 13- and 14-hydroxylated metabolites, among other possible metabolites. The major metabolite of LSD is O-H-LSD. Levels of O-H-LSD in urine...

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the main metabolite of serotonin. The metabolic intermediate 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL) is formed from...

Acaricides with Emphasis on the Anti-ATPase Activity of the Carbodiimide Metabolite of Diafenthiuron". Journal of Economic Entomology. 84 (3): 801–805. doi:10...

1021/acschemneuro.1c00064. ISSN 1948-7193. the 4′-OH-metabolite is expected to be a common in vivo metabolite for several of the herein evaluated 2-benzylbenzimidazoles...

methyl ester is a prominent tropane alkaloid found in coca leaves. It is metabolite of cocaine, and may be used as a precursor for it. It also occurs as minor...

protein structure data (CC3D), tRNA and rRNA information (CCRD), and metabolite data (CCMD), respectively. The data has been collected or generated using...

3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms...

Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. It belongs to the class of organic compounds...

Thyronine is a metabolite derived from thyroxine and triiodothyronine via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine...

Genistein Genistin Glycitein Glycitin Ononin Daidzein Equol (metabolite) O-DMA (metabolite) Daidzin (leaves) Globulins (proteins) Beta-conglycinin Glycinin...

pathways. The primary urinary metabolites are detectable for up to 3 days, and a recently discovered hydroxymethyl metabolite is found in urine for up to...

developmental code name TVP-136 or TV-136), or (R)-1-aminoindan, is the major metabolite of the selective MAO-B inhibitor and antiparkinsonian agent rasagiline...

metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is a major metabolite of LSD in rats and guinea pigs but a minor metabolite of...

of extracellular metabolites and is a sub-field of metabolomics. While the same analytical approaches used for profiling metabolites apply to exometabolomics...

which is used to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis. It is an active metabolite of fenbufen. The α-methyl acid of felbinac is called biprofen and is used...

not interact with cytochrome P450 enzymes or P-glycoprotein. Its active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate, has a relatively low plasma protein binding of 27...

Ritalinic acid is a substituted phenethylamine and an inactive major metabolite of the psychostimulant drugs methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate and ethylphenidate...

psychedelic drug dimethyltryptamine (DMT). It is a major metabolite of DMT in rodents but a minor metabolite of DMT in humans. The drug is the 6-hydroxy analogue...

the original metabolite, a three carbon compound, has the ability to either split into a two carbon metabolite and one carbon metabolite in one reaction...

active metabolite, norfluoxetine. Both drugs are also potent inhibitors of CYP2D6. The extremely slow elimination of fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine...

β-hydroxyamphetamine families. It is the β-hydroxy analogue of mephedrone and is a known metabolite of mephedrone. The drug acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor and monoamine...

as diazepam or bromazepam. It has an active metabolite N-desmethylmetaclazepam, which is the main metabolite of metaclazepam. There is no significant difference...

3R)-Hydroxybupropion, or simply (R,R)-hydroxybupropion, is the major metabolite of the antidepressant, smoking cessation, and appetite suppressant medication...

Desglymidodrine (developmental code name ST-1059) is the active metabolite of the prodrug antihypotensive agent midodrine. It acts as a selective α1-adrenergic...

effects are caused by accumulation of acetaldehyde, a major but toxic metabolite of alcohol formed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The reaction has...

Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development...

formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. It is a common metabolite that occurs naturally in human urine. The highly-nitrogenous compound...

in the synthesis of suritozole. MMH is also assumed to be the active metabolite of temozolomide. "Monomethylhydrazine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound...

7α-thiomethylated metabolites of spironolactone were not known for many years and it was originally thought that canrenone was the major active metabolite of the...

across seasons and sexes. They can digest the toxic plant secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds and terpenes due to their production of cytochrome...

statement, her body tested positive for marijuana, alcohol, the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine, benzodiazepines (typically used to treat anxiety) and...

opioid, serotonin, sigma, NMDA, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; its metabolite noribogaine primarily acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and κ-opioid...

Fukuwatari T, Shibata K (June 2008). "Urinary water-soluble vitamins and their metabolite contents as nutritional markers for evaluating vitamin intakes in young...

inverse agonist that is used to treat allergies. It is the major active metabolite of loratadine. Desloratadine was patented in 1984 and came into medical...

Neither terbufos, nor a phosphorylated metabolite of the compound was found in milk, and no phosphorylated metabolite was detected in the tissues. A low concentration...

metabolomic studies as well as a knowledge base for properties of individual metabolites. The database is maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute...

proteolytic activity, creating desirable properties in tempeh; and it produces metabolites that allow it to inhibit and thus outcompete other molds and gram-positive...

(VDAC). The VDAC is the primary transporter of nucleotides, ions and metabolites between the cytosol and the intermembrane space. It is formed as a beta...

ISSN 2352-6831. Metabolites of methysergide also exhibit pharmacological activity. Methylergometrine (one of methysergide's metabolites) is responsible...

limited evidence that chronic cannabis use can reduce levels of glutamate metabolites in the human brain. About 9% of those who experiment with marijuana eventually...

THC home tests and confirmatory testing options that measure exact THC metabolite concentrations, helping users understand their status before formal testing...

Cannabielsoin (CBE) is a metabolite of cannabidiol, one of the major chemical components of cannabis. Cannabielsoin in scientific journals was first cited...

subfamily, there is the potential to have at least 4 separate series of metabolites, two series derived from the ω−6 PUFAs arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic...

methamphetamine or its metabolites in humans. The primary metabolites are amphetamine and 4-hydroxymethamphetamine; other minor metabolites include: 4-hydroxyamphetamine...

Thiorphan is the active metabolite of the antidiarrheal racecadotril (acetorphan). It prevents the degradation of endogenous enkephalins by acting as an...

it is hepatic and complete. First, the medication is metabolized to M1 metabolite by CYP2C9. M1 possesses about 1⁄3 of pharmacological activity of glimepiride...

a concentration of cocaine metabolite in the person's urine of at least one hundred fifty nanograms of cocaine metabolite per milliliter of the person's...

xanthine oxidase. It is an active metabolite of allopurinol and it is cleared renally. In cases of renal disease, this metabolite will accumulate to toxic levels...

94% circulating in form of the parent substance and 6% as metabolites. The main metabolite is the inactive hydrolysis product with the ring opened. Ertapenem...

a metabolite of norepinephrine. Ley JP; Engelhart K; Bernhardt J; Bertram HJ (October 2002). "3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, a noradrenalin metabolite with...

Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) is a metabolite of melatonin and an antioxidant more potent than melatonin. It is a non-radical species and does not...

urinary metabolite of the guinea pig is 3-pyrrolidinyl-1-(3′methoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propanone. Equivalent nitrogen-containing metabolites have...

group of transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Fatty acid metabolites with affinity for this receptor are produced by cyanobacteria, which...

neurodegeneration. The finding that MPP+—a respiratory complex I inhibitor and MPTP metabolite—caused parkinsonian symptoms strongly implied that mitochondria contributed...

hydrolyzed in plasma, with GS-441524 being the major metabolite in plasma, and the only metabolite remaining two hours after dosing. As an adenosine nucleoside...

is an achiral, oxidized metabolite of modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting agent. It is one of two major circulating metabolites of modafinil, the other...

norephedrine and an active sympathomimetic metabolite of amphetamine in humans. When it occurs as a metabolite of amphetamine, it is produced from both...

(11-hydroxy-Δ8-THC, alternatively numbered as 7-hydroxy-Δ6-THC) is an active metabolite of Δ8-THC, a psychoactive cannabinoid found in small amounts in Cannabis...

and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (epinephrine, and norepinephrine). It is produced via intermediary metabolites. VMA synthesis is the...

active metabolite are reached in 1 hour and in 3 to 4 hours, respectively. While maximum plasma concentrations of losartan and its active metabolite are...

Production of biomass (viable cellular material) Production of extracellular metabolites (chemical compounds) Production of intracellular components (enzymes...

Utidelone is a member of the epothilone class of natural products, which are metabolites produced by the soil-dwelling myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. It...

Gadusol is a secondary metabolite and natural sunscreen produced by various organisms, including marine vertebrates and invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles...

smell giving rise to this belief is in fact that of halogenated seaweed metabolites and dimethyl sulphide. Much of ozone's appeal seems to have resulted...

alkaloid and a structural isomer of strychnine. It is a secondary plant metabolite and may have antitumor activity. Isostrychnine has been isolated from...

aliphatic diketone. It is a colorless liquid. In humans, it is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone. The chronic toxicity of hexane is attributed...

the benzodiazepine receptor. Gidazepam acts as a prodrug to its active metabolite 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (desalkylgidazepam...

as an endophyte where it produces antiviral and antifungal secondary metabolites. Sporulation of N. sphaerica causes its initial white coloured colonies...

complete the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPP). This exchange of metabolites is essential for C4 photosynthesis to work. Additional biochemical steps...

from prodigious (i.e. something marvelous). Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens. Because it is easy to detect, it has been used...

β-phenylethylidenehydrazine, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant phenelzine and is responsible for its elevation...

is one of the two major metabolites of modafinil – the other being modafinil sulfone. Modafinil acid is also a metabolite of the modafinil prodrug,...

observed in nature as a metabolite of caffeine in animals and some species of bacteria. Paraxanthine is the primary metabolite of caffeine in humans and...

United Kingdom, and Teldane in Australia. It was superseded by its active metabolite fexofenadine in the 1990s due to the risk of a particular type of disruption...

in the literature to 3β-diol, is an endogenous steroid hormone and a metabolite of androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dihydrotestosterone...

frequent nighttime awakenings, and overall poorer sleep quality. The main metabolite of melatonin (6-sulfatoxymelatonin) gets reduced with consumption of caffeine...

active metabolite of etizolam. α-Hydroxyetizolam has a half-life of approximately 8.2 hours. Etizolam's other non-pharmacologically active metabolite in humans...

inactive synthetic opioid analgesic drug precursor. It is an analog and metabolite of fentanyl with the removal of the phenethyl moiety (or functional group)...

Didesmethylcitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug citalopram (racemic). Didesmethylescitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant...

5-hydroxymethyltolterodine) is an antimuscarinic drug. It is the active metabolite of fesoterodine, its isobutyrate ester. McKeage K, Keating GM (2009)....

there exists a substantial diversity of specialized metabolites (also called secondary metabolites) in the genus Oryza. Understanding this diversity can...

fumes. When the body breaks down methanol it results in the creation of metabolite byproducts such as formaldehyde, formic acid, and formate which cause...

naturally produce various secondary metabolites, they can serve as advantageous hosts for plant-derived metabolites production owing to biotechnological...

light sleep upon withdrawal. The main metabolites of fosazepam are 3-hydroxyfosazepam and the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam which has a very long...

inactive metabolite of amphetamine in humans. When it occurs as a metabolite of amphetamine, it is produced directly from the inactive metabolite phenylacetone...

Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), also known as indole-3-aldehyde and 3-formylindole, is a metabolite of dietary L-tryptophan which is synthesized by human gastrointestinal...

[permanent dead link] De Giovanni N, Marchetti D (2012). "Cocaine and its metabolites in the placenta: A systematic review of the literature". Reproductive...

metabolism and specialized metabolite synthesis, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. It begins with acetyl-CoA...

Erythrin is a lichen secondary metabolite in the depside class. It is the D-erythritol ester of lecanoric acid and occurs especially in lichens of the...

Nocuolin A is a secondary metabolite derived from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp., Nodularia sp., and Anabaena sp. This secondary metabolite is produced by enzymes...

Dowling G, Kolosova M, Grigoryev A (July 2022). "Detection of ADB-BUTINACA Metabolites in Human Urine, Blood, Kidney and Liver". Journal of Analytical Toxicology...

as being a weak antagonist at the α2A and α2B subtypes. 1-PP (active metabolite of buspirone and gepirone) Aripiprazole Asenapine Atipamezole Cirazoline...

(identified as statistically significant or significant perturbed) or a metabolite concentration table with phenotypic labels (i.e. sick vs. healthy). The...

plants. Some phytochemicals are nutrients for the plant, while others are metabolites produced to enhance plant survivability and reproduction. The fields...

CYP2C. Other inactive metabolites include: 2-aminosulfone, ω-hydroxysulfone, and β-hydroxysulfone. The major final metabolites that are excreted by humans...

fungus contains a cyclopropylglutamine compound called coprine. Its active metabolite, 1-aminocyclopropanol, blocks the action of an enzyme, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase...

not reduce the clinical lipid-lowering effect. The 3α-hydroxyisomeric metabolite of pravastatin is also an active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with approximately...

in a saligenin cyclic o-tolyl phosphate (SCOTP) metabolite, an known enzyme inhibitor. This metabolite is able to inhibit neuropathy target esterase (NTE)...

active metabolite of oxcarbazepine. In addition, an enantiomer of licarbazepine, eslicarbazepine ((S)-(+)-licarbazepine), is an active metabolite of eslicarbazepine...

metabolites stimulate CD8+ T or CD4+ T cells to initiate autoimmune responses. Studies indicate that the mechanism by which a drug or its metabolites...

and its precursors is shown in Structural Elucidation of Hydroxylated Metabolites of the Isoflavan Equol by GC/MS and HPLC/MS Archived 2008-09-05 at the...

sulfate, also known as 3-indoxylsulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid, is a metabolite of dietary L-tryptophan that acts as a cardiotoxin and uremic toxin. High...

in humans. Leucine and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid, a minor leucine metabolite, exhibit pharmacological activity in humans and have been demonstrated...

known as haloperidol pyridinium, is a monoaminergic neurotoxin and a metabolite of haloperidol. HPP+ is formed from haloperidol, and its dehydration product...

bupropion levels as well as decrease levels of its metabolite hydroxybupropion. Bupropion and its metabolites are inhibitors of CYP2D6, with hydroxybupropion...

in Europe, including Italy and Belgium. It is also an important active metabolite of spironolactone, and partially accounts for its therapeutic effects...

which a drug or its metabolite stimulates CD8+ T or CD4+ T cells. Studies indicate that the mechanism by which a drug or its metabolites accomplishes this...

ISSN 2352-6831. Metabolites of methysergide also exhibit pharmacological activity. Methylergometrine (one of methysergide's metabolites) is responsible...

metabolically combined with arachidonic acid by FAAH to form AM404. This metabolite is a potent agonist at the TRPV1 vanilloid receptor, a weak agonist at...

potency in terms of stimulant-like activity in animals. NOHA is a known metabolite of amphetamine and may be a prodrug of amphetamine. It has been encountered...

This may be because cyanide inhibits the production of other defensive metabolites. This results in significantly divergent subpopulations with selection...

N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) is a metabolite of melatonin that could improve memory by acting on the melatonin receptors. AMK is produced from the...

cleavage, so the eliminated metabolites consist mostly of benzoylecgonine (BE), the major metabolite, and other metabolites in lesser amounts such as ecgonine...

phenolic compound and dimethoxybenzene that is commonly found as a plant metabolite. Syringic acid can be found in several plants including Ardisia elliptica...

remaining 60–90% of the dose is retained in tissues or excreted as HMB metabolites. The fraction of a given dose of HMB that is excreted unchanged in urine...

hypothesis is a scientific theory positing that neurotoxic aldehyde metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine are...

structure to methadone. It has a long duration of action due to its active metabolites. LAAM is indicated as a second-line treatment for the treatment and management...

are thought to help regulate growth. Since fenfluramine and its active metabolite norfenfluramine stimulate serotonin receptors, this may have led to the...

effect on the tablet form is unknown. It is metabolized into an active metabolite (desmethylpimobendan) by the liver. The parent compound, pimobendan, is...

tea bags indicated the presence of significant amounts of cocaine, the metabolite benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and trans-cinnamoylcocaine in coca...

organophosphate poisoning. Increased nicotine or cotinine (the nicotine metabolite) is detected in urine or blood, or serum nicotine concentrations increase...

itaconate by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction from cis-aconitate, an intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, (i.e., TCA cycle). The itaconate-producing...

Luc (April 2014). "Microbial Species Diversity, Community Dynamics, and Metabolite Kinetics of Water Kefir Fermentation". Applied and Environmental Microbiology...

is a never-marketed drug of the amphetamine family and a major active metabolite of the appetite suppressants fenfluramine and benfluorex. The compound...

rearrangement. Menthofuran is a metabolite of pulegone. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found the pulegone metabolite menthofuran to be an inhibitor...

2-Ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) is a major metabolite of methadone. S. George and R.A. Braithwaite (1999). "A Pilot Study to Determine...

Diacetolol is the primary metabolite of acebutolol. It is a beta blocker and anti-arrhythmic agent. Basil B, Jordan R (May 1982). "Pharmacological properties...

derivatives with antiparasitic and antiviral activity. Tizoxanide, an active metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans, is also an antiparasitic drug of the thiazolide...

used primarily in the treatment of anxiety disorders. It is an active metabolite of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, prazepam, pinazepam, and medazepam...

oryzae is a good choice as a secondary metabolite factory because of its relatively few endogenous secondary metabolites. Transformed types can produce: polyketide...

colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is a plant hormone, and the name...

by mouth is rapidly absorbed, but it is largely converted to inactive metabolites, and only about one-sixth is available in active form. In order to be...

2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde is a metabolite of tryptophan which is an unstable open-chain biochemical precursor of picolinic acid. 2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde...

Monochloro-p-benzoquinone is yet another but milder oxidant. 1,4-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood and can be used to track exposure to benzene or mixtures...

(also known as norflurazepam) is a benzodiazepine analog and an active metabolite of several other benzodiazepine drugs including flurazepam, flutoprazepam...

is cleaved by esterases in the cornea to AR-13503, which is the active metabolite. Concentrations reached in the blood plasma are so low that they are generally...

long-lasting desmethyldiazepam, which is rapidly produced as an active metabolite. Desmethyldiazepam is responsible for most of the therapeutic effects...

that has been found as a minor active metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol, and also a metabolite of the trace cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol....

When These Surprise You: Some Infrequently Studied Sphingoid Bases, Metabolites, and Factors That Should Be Kept in Mind During Sphingolipidomic Studies"...

5-dimethylhydantoin. RU-58841 produces cyanonilutamide (RU-56279) and RU-59416 as metabolites in animals. Cyanonilutamide has relatively low affinity for the androgen...

are prodrugs of LSD. Psilocin (4-HO-DMT) is the dephosphorylated active metabolite of the indole alkaloid psilocybin (4-PO-DMT) and a substituted tryptamine...

hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a long half-life, which may stay in the bloodstream for days. Flurazepam...

MDR pumps. Potential EPIs have been identified from plants, secondary metabolites small molecule compounds, or peptides derived from antibody fragments...

Sacubitrilat (INN; or LBQ657) is the active metabolite of the antihypertensive drug sacubitril, which is used in the treatment of heart failure. Solomon...

N,O-Didesmethyltramadol (tramadol metabolite M5) is an opioid derivative which is one of two active metabolites of the opioid analgesic medication tramadol...

ultimately result in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. These metabolites exit cells in the form of exudates through transporters that...

Estrogens closely related to the stilbestrols include paroxypropione (a metabolite of diethylstilbestrol) and the anise and fennel-derived compounds anol...

The METLIN Metabolite and Chemical Entity Database is the largest repository of experimental tandem mass spectrometry and neutral loss data acquired from...

5-O-didesmethylmescaline, is a phenylethylamine alkaloid and an important intermediate metabolite in the final biosynthesis of mescaline in the peyote cactus (Lophophora...

Kuiper HA, Zolla L (February 2003). "Identification of a furazolidone metabolite responsible for the inhibition of amino oxidases". Xenobiotica; the Fate...

is quickly broken down via first pass hepatic metabolism. The primary metabolites of aniracetam are N-anisoyl-GABA, (70–80%), 2-Pyrrolidinone and p-anisic...

6-hydroxy derivative of diethyltryptamine (DET). The drug is a notable metabolite of DET. According to Alexander Shulgin in his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines...

dehydrogenase. The prevents further conversion to the more active toxic metabolites oxalic acid and formic acid, respectively. Fomepizole is most effective...

1-Hydroxyphenanthrene is a phenanthrol and a human metabolite of phenanthrene that can be detected in urine of persons exposed to PAHs. It can also be...

formation. Pentoxifylline is also an antagonist at adenosine 2 receptors. Its metabolite lisophillyine is stronger PDE inhibitor than pentoxifylline in vitro....

the broad group of phytochemicals known as terpenes. Astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional...

inactive metabolites (though one metabolite, norverapamil, retains 20% of the vasodilatory activity of the parent drug). As its metabolites, 70% is excreted...

understood but it is thought to act via its main active metabolite monomethyl fumarate. This metabolite activates the NRF2 transcriptional pathway, which reduces...

fluxomics technique used to examine production and consumption rates of metabolites in a biological system. At an intracellular level, it allows for the...

uninflamed skin). 90% of the medication is excreted in the urine as metabolites and the unchanged drug. When it was released in the United States, methylphenidate...

anticoagulant, its 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy derivatives, such as the fungal metabolite dicoumarol, inhibit synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting...

Oxychlordane (C10H4Cl8O), the primary metabolite of chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide, the primary metabolite of heptachlor, along with the two other...

deacetylase inhibitor, specifically against HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3. DIM is a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol. DIM was found to be a mild cannabinoid agonist with...

that animals are. Another instance is the analogous evolution of plant metabolite production as a response to herbivory. In this case, different plant species...

the formal condensation of erucic acid with ammonia. It has a role as a metabolite in humans and other animals and in plants. In the plastic manufacturing...

urine. It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in the sample competes with a drug/metabolite labelled with an enzyme, to bind to an antibody...

produced mainly by the testicles. It is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a metabolite of testosterone, that predominantly regulates the prostate. The prostate...

eburnamonine, Vincamone) is a vasodilator. Vincamone is a vinca alkaloid and a metabolite of vincamine. Vereczkey L, Tamás J, Czira G, Szporny L (1980). "Metabolism...

critically ill patients, as accumulation of midazolam and its active metabolites may occur. Kidney or liver impairments may slow down the elimination...

Coricidin was also reformulated without phenacetin. Paracetamol is a metabolite of phenacetin with similar analgesic and antipyretic effects, but the...

Normetanephrine, also called normetadrenaline, is a metabolite of norepinephrine created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on norepinephrine....

oxidation to the main metabolite hydroxymetronidazole and a carboxylic acid derivative, and by glucuronidation. The metabolites show antibiotic and antiprotozoal...

scales on the surface of some plant parts, such as leaves. secondary metabolite Chemicals produced by a plant that do not have a role in so-called primary...

responsible for the breakdown of the active metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide into inactive metabolites. By inhibiting mEH, valproic acid and valnoctamide...

effects associated with terfenadine, and so both loratadine and its active metabolite, desloratadine, are currently marketed. Approximately 10% of all marketed...

mediators called prostaglandins. It is metabolized by the liver to inactive metabolites. Naproxen was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in the United...

as a solvent for electrolysis. It is both the precursor and the chief metabolite of the inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane. Sevoflurane gets metabolized...

known as 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid, is a benzoic acid. It is a plant metabolite found in species such as Hypericum laricifolium, Artemisia sacrorum, and...

resulting in the major active metabolite M19 (C4-pyrrolidine-hydroxylated rolapitant) and a number of inactive metabolites. Rolapitant is mainly excreted...

but rather as the hemiacetal (ClCH2CH(OH))2O. Chloroacetaldehyde is a metabolite of the antineoplastic ifosfamide and believed to be responsible for some...

Farinamycin is a quinazoline metabolite that has been isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It is the first known metabolite to be produced by S. griseus...

Vecuronium has an active metabolite, 3-desacetyl-vecuronium, that has 80% of the effect of vecuronium. Accumulation of this metabolite, which is cleared by...

amenable to cultivation. These fungi contain many of the same secondary metabolites as those in O. sinensis and Asian sources claim a similar spectrum of...

to as 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC or THC-11-oic acid, is the main secondary metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is formed in the body after cannabis...

linalool is classified as an acyclic monoterpenoid. In plants, it is a metabolite, a volatile oil component, an antimicrobial agent, and an aroma compound...

conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine, an important bioactive metabolite in the kynurenine pathway. The kynurenine pathway is responsible for over...

analysis of the urinary results, researchers discovered the formation of metabolite, N-acetyl-S-(1-bromo-3-propyl)-cysteine and the decline in the GSH content...

α-methyldopamine metabolite that contributes to the neurotoxicity of MDMA or MDA. A study in rats indicated that the major metabolites of 5-MAPB are 5-APB...

intermediate compounds are then degraded further into several metabolites. The major metabolites were hydroxysulfones, followed by phosphorothionic acids and...

Altering this ratio can change the body's metabolic and inflammatory state. Metabolites of omega−6 are more inflammatory (esp. arachidonic acid) than those of...

antiviral drug which was developed by Gilead Sciences. It is the main plasma metabolite of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir, and has a half-life of around 24...

inhalation route. Products of mold growth, such as volatile organic metabolites and spores, may contribute to discomfort such as allergy and asthma....

reagent. This compound is a molecular mimic of allolactose, a lactose metabolite that triggers transcription of the lac operon, and it is therefore used...

Cotinine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also the predominant metabolite of nicotine, typically used as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke...

3-Hydroxykynurenine is a metabolite of tryptophan, which filters UV light in the human lens. It is one of two pigments identified as responsible for the...

Conversely, some non-pathogenic microorganisms can harm human hosts via the metabolites they produce, like trimethylamine, which the human body converts to trimethylamine...

demonstrated. The LD50 (oral, rats) is 670 mg/kg. o-Nitrosotoluene, a metabolite of o-toluidine, converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, resulting in methemoglobinemia...

anorectic which was never marketed. It produces amphetamine as an active metabolite. Amphetamine is reacted with N-Chloroethylmorpholine [3240-94-6] in the...

while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment. Exchange of gases...

arylcyclohexylamine family, with dissociative effects. It is known as an active metabolite of the dissociative designer drug methoxetamine, but has also been sold...

of nutrients, and production of certain metabolites that can get into blood circulation. One such metabolite, produced by gut bacteria, is trimethylamine...

acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. Acetic acid is an important metabolite in the body and a critical intermediate for other reactions such as glycolysis...

inhibition of an enzyme that metabolizes the drug to an inactive metabolite leads to excessive levels of the drug in the body. Grapefruit-juice–mediated...

medication 2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, medication precursor and active metabolite C4H10O2 Diol Alkanediol Hydroxyl-substituted butanes Butyl alcohol Butanetriol...

and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives. Benzoic acid is...

Mesalazine is an active metabolite of sulfasalazine, which is metabolized to sulfapyridine and mesalazine. It is also the active metabolite of the prodrugs balsalazide...

that Cameron had failed a post-fight drug test for benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine, and was subsequently suspended by the British Boxing Board...

observations described in several case reports. Abiraterone, the active metabolite of abiraterone acetate, inhibits CYP17A1, which manifests as two enzymes...

cyclopropyl acetic acid (MCPA) is found in lychee seeds and is also a toxic metabolite in mammalian digestion after eating hypoglycin, present in the unripe...

ammonia in the presence of oxide catalysts. 2,6-Xylidine is also a major metabolite of the drug xylazine in both horses, and humans. 2,6-Xylidine is the precursor...

Loxoprofen is a prodrug. It is quickly converted to its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration, and reaches its peak plasma concentration...

Dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide (DMT-N-oxide) is a dimethyltryptamine metabolite. Riba, J; McIlhenny, EH; Valle, M; Bouso, JC; Barker, SA (2012). "Metabolism...

3-Monoacetylmorphine (3-acetylmorphine), an inactive metabolite of heroin 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-acetylmorphine), an active metabolite of heroin This set index article lists...

newer antidotes such as flumazenil. It produces dimethylethanolamine as a metabolite.[citation needed] Meclofenoxate Dormard Y, Levron JC, Le Fur JM (February...

initial (parent) compound is converted to new compounds called metabolites. When metabolites are pharmacologically inert, metabolism deactivates the administered...

of about 55% and approximately 93% is bound to proteins in plasma. Its metabolite norcyclobenzaprine (NCBP) is active. The elimination half-life of cyclobenzaprine...

breastfeeding is not recommended by the manufacturer as dextroamphetamine (its metabolite) can pass through the breastmilk. Lisdexamfetamine is an inactive prodrug...

non-cytochrome P450-mediated pathway, to hydroxylated metabolite and glucuronide metabolite. The hydroxylated metabolite, that also has weak COX-2-specific inhibitory...

8-Hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols (8-OH-9α-HHC and 8-OH-9β-HHC) are active primary metabolites of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) in animals and trace phytocannabinoids....

catechol estrogen and a minor metabolite of estradiol. It is estrogenic, similarly to many other hydroxylated estrogen metabolites such as 2-hydroxyestradiol...

Apicidin is a fungal metabolite, as well as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Han, J. W.; Ahn, S. H.; Park, S. H.; Wang, S. Y.; Bae, G. U.; Seo, D. W.;...

Sulforidazine (Imagotan, Psychoson, Inofal) a typical antipsychotic and a metabolite of thioridazine; it and mesoridazine are more potent than the parent compound...

1-hydroxytacrine, is an inhibitor of cholinesterase enzymes. It is also a metabolite of tacrine. Velnacrine is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)...

associated with valaciclovir are the same as for aciclovir, its active metabolite. They include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache. Infrequent adverse...

metabolism with the conversion of erdosteine into its pharmacologically active metabolite Met-I (N-thiodiglycolyl-homocysteine). The molecule has been discovered...

several unique compounds, including a purple polycyclic pigment and a metabolite called concentricol, which is oxidized squalene. Many types of insects...

organofluorine-containing natural products. Fluoroacetic acid is a harmful metabolite of some fluorine-containing drugs (median lethal dose, LD50 = 10 mg/kg...

Cinnabarinic acid is a metabolite formed through the oxidative processing of tryptophan. It is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan...

has demonstrated anti-cancer activity in vitro and in animal studies. Metabolites of leonurine in rats dosed orally include leonurine-10-O-sulfate (the...

urine of those taking methadone. Methadone, its two main metabolites, and its secondary metabolite Methadone EDDP EDMP Para-Hydroxymethadone Para-hydroxylation...

enzyme involved thought to be CYP3A4. The drug has at least four active metabolites, which include hydroxynefazodone, para-hydroxynefazodone, triazoledione...

amphetamine derivative—specifically a β-hydroxyamphetamine—and a major active metabolite of the antidepressant drug bupropion (Wellbutrin). Bupropion is a...

in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and other crucifers. The secondary metabolite functions as a phytoalexin to deter bacterial and fungal pathogens. The...

and used as an appetite suppressant. It produces methamphetamine as a metabolite, and has been withdrawn from the market due to abuse potential. Boissier...

rapid reaction with water in animals results in the production of its metabolite nitrite. Animal metabolism of nitrogen in proteins, in general, results...

modifications are responsible for A. niger's robust production of secondary metabolites. A. niger's capability to withstand extremely acidic conditions makes...

Lachrymatory Factor Synthase Causes a Significant Change in the Sulfur Secondary Metabolite Profile". Plant Physiology. 147 (4): 2096–2106. Bibcode:2008PlanP.147...

(ecstasy). When safrole is metabolized, several metabolites can be identified. Some of these metabolites have been shown to exhibit toxicological effects...

lymphocytes. The inhibition of human DHODH by teriflunomide, the active metabolite of leflunomide, occurs at levels (approximately 600 nM) that are achieved...

metabolized by cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) to its desalkyl metabolite M1" NS2360. NS2360 is the only metabolite detectable in human plasma. It has a longer half-life...

is labile in soil, with a half-life of 1.8 days. It degrades to other metabolites, mainly reducing to pentachloroaniline (PCA), but also to pentachlorophenol...

metabolism." 24(S),25-(OH)2D3 is derived from reduction of 25-OH-24-oxo-D3, a metabolite of 24(R),25-(OH)2D3. The proportion of serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3...

vasodilator in the treatment of angina pectoris. It produces amphetamine as a metabolite. Prenylamine was introduced in the 1960s by German manufacturer Albert-Roussel...

1-Methylhistamine (also known as Nτ-methylhistamine (NMH)) is a metabolite of histamine. NMH is formed by Nτ-methylation of histamine, catalyzed by the...

antidepressant. An analogue of gludantan, N-3,5-dimethylgludantan, is an inactive metabolite of memantine. Gludantan was developed in the Soviet Union and was first...

and activate intracellular serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Another possible metabolite of serotonin with psychedelic-like effects in animals is 5-methoxytryptamine...

carcinogens. However, some mutagens exert their mutagenic effect through their metabolites, and therefore whether such mutagens actually become carcinogenic may...

the USA have stated that 1,4-butanediol exerts effects similar to its metabolite, GABA analogue gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), but several other federal...

blood concentrations of sertraline and norsertraline, its major active metabolite, may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients...

any regulatory agency for pharmaceutical use. Norpropylhexedrine is a metabolite of propylhexedrine. Barbexaclone Propylhexedrine Govier WM, Bergmann V...

after Quinlan was pulled for an atypical drug finding: long-term metabolite (or M3 metabolite) of the steroid dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT) in his...

broad-leaf weeds in alfalfa, peanuts, soybeans, and other crops. Its active metabolite, 2,4-D, inhibits growth at the tips of stems and roots. It is classified...

Bioconjugates are excreted as various O-glucuronides. The N3 oxide is a secondary metabolite in humans. The 4'-hydroxy compounds in urine and the N-deethyl compounds...

PMC 5234109. PMID 28096758. Fischer F, Ristow M (May 2020). "Endogenous metabolites promote stress resistance through induction of mitohormesis". EMBO Reports...

is its phenolic character; its signature phenol is 4-vinyl guaiacol, a metabolite of ferulic acid, the result of fermentation by top-fermenting yeast appropriate...

active metabolites through the process of N-demethylation. The mechanism of action of metamizole is believed to be exerted via its active metabolites, specifically...

primarily, and almost exclusively, by carboxylesterase 1 into its inactive metabolite, ritalinic acid (RA). However, enzyme-induction and inhibition data, together...

6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino) phenyl] acetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated. According to the Biopharmaceutical...

opioid, but is rapidly metabolized in the liver and gut to its active metabolite nortilidine and then to bisnortilidine. It is the (1S,2R)-isomer (dextilidine)...

phendimetrazine is a prodrug for phenmetrazine which acts as the active metabolite. Phendimetrazine possesses preferable pharmacokinetics over phenmetrazine...

N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMFK) is a metabolite of melatonin and an antioxidant. Tan, D. X.; Manchester, L. C.; Burkhardt, S.; Sainz, R...

Quinaprilat is the active metabolite of quinapril. Ferry JJ, Horvath AM, Sedman AJ, Latts JR, Colburn WA (1987). "Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics...

coca leaves. It has a close structural relation to cocaine: it is both a metabolite and a precursor, and as such, it is a controlled substance in many jurisdictions...

different metabolites are commonly confined to the mitochondria. Upon ageing, mitochondrial function declines, allowing escape of these metabolites; this...

hydroxy group at the 4-position. 4-Hydroxycoumarin is an important fungal metabolite from the precursor coumarin, and its production leads to further fermentative...

accelerators for cyanoacrylate glues. In some patients o-toluidine is a metabolite of prilocaine, which may cause methemoglobinemia. This is then treated...

bromazolam and its metabolites. Bromazolam was detected in all four of the samples. One of the urine samples contained 8 bromazolam metabolites these were: phenyl-hydroxy...

Hydroxybupropion (code name BW 306U), or 6-hydroxybupropion, is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion. It is formed...

majority of this inactive metabolite being produced by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7. Enobosarm glucuronide is the primary circulating metabolite of enobosarm. Coadministration...

knowledge of its biochemistry remained poor until recently. One of the first metabolites to be isolated and characterized from this fungus, ustic acid (C11H7O7)...

increases in extracellular serotonin and led to preservation of serotonin metabolite concentrations and SERT binding that is normally depleted by MDMA after...

short-chain fatty acids and other metabolites, including vitamins, hormones, and glucose. One of these metabolites, butyrate, is important as an energy...

alkylating agents include procarbazine and hexamethylmelamine. Anti-metabolites are a group of molecules that impede DNA and RNA synthesis. Many of them...

bacterial RNA. These switches bind to a ligand, which is generally a metabolite, with high affinity and specificity.  Ligand binding mediates allosteric...

30%. The resulting metabolite is bromovinyluracil (BVU), which does not have antiviral activity. BVU is also the only metabolite that can be detected...

dose response analysis for chemical risk assessment, and leveraging metabolite-genome wide association analysis and Mendelian randomization for causal...

publication 19 May 2004 Fernandez-Figares I et al 2007: Serum profile of metabolites and hormones in obese (Iberian) and lean (Landrace) growing gilts fed...

oil. It has been used as a dietary fat-reduction supplement. Its major metabolite is enterolactone, which has an elimination half life of less than 6 hours...

the elimination half-life of artesunate is about 0.22 hours. Its active metabolite, DHA, has a slightly longer half-life of 0.34 hours. Overall, the average...

colourless liquid with a strong odor characteristic of alkyl sulfides. It is a metabolite of garlic, and "garlic breath" and/or "garlic body odor" is attributed...

4 g. Treatment is most effective when the concentration of its active metabolite, dimethadione, is above 700 μg/mL. Severe adverse reactions are possible...

sulfate (4EPS) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, which can be toxic when present in large amounts. Elevated levels of this metabolite have been associated...

central nervous system after conversion to its pharmacologically active metabolite, dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine increases dopaminergic and noradrenergic...

and urinary metabolite of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone Etiocholanolone glucuronide, an endogenous, naturally occurring metabolite of testosterone...

glucuronide, or 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol 3α-glucuronide, is the major metabolite of progesterone and the C3α glucuronide conjugate of pregnanediol (5β-pregnane-3α...

covering the quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (drugs and their metabolites, and biological molecules in unnatural locations or concentrations) and...

scent. Phenylethanol is an aromatic alcohol, it has the role of mouse metabolite. It is a natural product and is found in Cichorium endivia, Castanopsis...

concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82 (8): 2396–402. doi:10.1210/jcem...

infections. It is sparingly metabolised in the liver to two inactive metabolites. Most of the drug is eliminated unchanged in the urine. Renal disease...

4-fluoroamphetamine, both of which are active. The levels of substituted amphetamine metabolites in the brain is three times higher following 4-fluoroselegiline administration...

yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants. Blackberry, black currant, chokeberry, and red cabbage...

ultimately the advancement of AD. The endogenously produced autotoxin metabolite of dopamine, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), is a potent inducer...

W, Kahn S, Ward A (2003). "Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin D metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve...

oxamniquine is excreted as the 6-carboxy metabolite within 12 hours of a dose; traces of the 2-carboxy metabolite have also been detected in the urine. It...

Dihydro-resveratrol is a dihydrostilbenoid found in wine. It is also a metabolite of trans-resveratrol formed in the intestine by the hydrogenation of the...

it is usually an oil or semi-solid. The compound is colorless. It is a metabolite of valine and a precursor to pantothenic acid, a prosthetic group found...

11-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol and 8-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol among others as a metabolite which may contribute to overall psychoactivity. Several research groups...

mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both...

and anticonvulsant properties. It is an active metabolite of phenazepam, as well as the active metabolite of the benzodiazepine prodrug cinazepam. Relative...

pharmaceutical drugs, dyes, and the sweetener dulcin. p-Phenetidine is a metabolite of the pharmaceutical drugs bucetin and phenacetin and of the preservative...

organic acids, vitamin, proteins, antibiotics and other commercially used metabolites which are produced by microorganisms. Corynebacterium glutamicum is one...

and have not been validated in human trials. In the 1980s, DADA and its metabolite diisopropylamine (DIPA) were investigated in racehorses for possible...

mycotoxin from the group of type A trichothecenes. It is a secondary metabolite product of fungi of the genus Fusarium and may cause toxicosis in farm...

K.L.; Langbein, J.; Schwerin, M. (2015). "Temperament type specific metabolite profiles of the prefrontal cortex and serum in cattle". PLOS One. 10 (4)...

certain wine components, such as sulfur dioxide. It can be produced as a metabolite of citric acid when all of the malic acid has been consumed. Diacetyl...

with selenium followed by protonation of the product. The compound is a metabolite. According to IR spectroscopy, νSe-H = 2342 cm−1. For the other homologues...

during clascoterone therapy in some individuals due to its cortexolone metabolite. HPA axis suppression as measured by the cosyntropin stimulation test...

half-life and lower kidney load. It is the most commonly prescribed vitamin D metabolite for patients with end stage renal disease, given that impaired renal function...

(MHPG, MOPEG) is a metabolite of norepinephrine degradation. In the brain, it is the principal norepinephrine metabolite. It is released into the...

James L.; Johnson, Rudolph C. (2 September 2015). "Quantification of metabolites for assessing human exposure to soapberry toxins hypoglycin A and...

2020). "Pharmacokinetic profile of N-acetylcysteine amide and its main metabolite in mice using new analytical method". European Journal of Pharmaceutical...

pharmacological research. Volatile Organosulfur compounds are Secondary metabolites produced by plants and Microorganisms and are often characterised by...

the term "riboswitch" specified that they directly sense small-molecule metabolite concentrations. Although this definition remains in common use, some biologists...

Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is an inactive metabolite/product of thromboxane A2. It is almost completely cleared in the urine. It itself is not involved in platelet...

is a systematic benzimidazole fungicide of the carbamate class and a metabolite of the fungicide benomyl. It is used to control fungal diseases in cereals...

5(10)-triene-2,3,17β-triol, is an endogenous steroid, catechol estrogen, and metabolite of estradiol, as well as a positional isomer of estriol. Transformation...

the formula candidates provided by SIRIUS. Organisms produce related metabolites derived from multiple but limited biosynthetic pathways. For a full LC-MS/MS...

research, a half-life range of 4 to 14 hours has been given. mCPP is a metabolite of a variety of other piperazine drugs including trazodone, nefazodone...

fully as 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-LSD, is a lysergamide and the major metabolite of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). LSD is eliminated...

homofermentative; hexoses are metabolized via glycolysis to lactic acid as main metabolite; pentoses are fermented via the phosphoketolase pathway to lactic and...

no longer used because of associated toxicity. Sodium nitroprusside, a metabolite of which is thiocyanate, is however still used for the treatment of a...

drug to metabolite switching, is an extension of the chiral switch concept. The purpose of the switching is to develop an active metabolite which will...

the human body, rilmazafone is converted into several benzodiazepine metabolites that have sedative and hypnotic effects. Rilmazafone is not a benzodiazepine...

for LDN, it has remained an off-label option. Naltrexone and its active metabolite 6-β-naltrexol are competitive antagonists at μ-opioid and κ-opioid receptors...

the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and possibly others. There is one known active metabolite, 4R-hydroxysolifenacin, and three inactive ones, the N-glucuronide, the...

breathing and circulation less than other anesthetics. Dextrorphan, a metabolite of dextromethorphan (one of the most commonly used cough suppressants...

minimal (8%) first-pass drug metabolism. No active metabolites were formed and the only significant metabolite present in blood was the O-conjugate. The unchanged...

GA (May 2022). "Stachybotrys chartarum-A Hidden Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Bioactivities, and Biotechnological Relevance". Journal of Fungi. 8...

or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave and overlap to creating complex systems. In human cysteine...

(2007). "Making sense of nectar scents: the effects of nectar secondary metabolites on floral visitors of Nicotiana attenuata". The Plant Journal. 49 (5):...

ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers including minoxidil (via its active metabolite minoxidil sulfate), diazoxide, and pinacidil are associated with hypertrichosis...

circumscribed using features like spores, reproductive structures, and secondary metabolites. Lichenologists thus operate with a blend of old and new methods: high-throughput...

Limpidon and Paxor. It is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam. While it possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle...

functional group readily hydrolyses in water, and in bodily conditions. The metabolite thus formed from physostigmine and some other alkaloids (e.g. cymserine)...

hydrogen peroxide. These damaging oxidants are removed by antioxidant metabolites such as glutathione and enzymes such as catalases and peroxidases. Living...

many years. Amfecloral, a single molecule with a similar effect (due to metabolites). Desbutal, another pharmaceutical containing an amphetamine and a barbiturate...

prodrug of active metabolites such as endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen) and afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT). These metabolites have approximately...

underlay this use. Amentoflavone Catechin Hyperoside Salvinorin A "KNApSAcK Metabolite Information - C00039935". www.knapsackfamily.com. Belofsky G, French AN...

secondary plant metabolites but did not give real insight into the actual function of the secondary plant metabolites. The study of plant metabolites is thought...

dihydro-F420 (reduced form), into nitric oxide and a highly reactive metabolite. This metabolite attacks the synthesis enzyme DprE2, which is important for the...

R. (2013). "Synthesis and characterization of related substances and metabolite of tadalafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor" (PDF). Organic Communications. 6 (1):...

α-aminobutyrate. Homoalanine is biosynthesized by transaminating oxobutyrate, a metabolite in isoleucine biosynthesis. It is used by nonribosomal peptide synthases...

cause fatal convulsive seizures. In addition, both propoxyphene and its metabolite norpropoxyphene have local anesthetic effects at concentrations about...

l-Dopaquinone also known as o-dopaquinone is a metabolite of L-DOPA (L-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and a precursor of melanin. Biosynthesis of melanin occurs...

5α-Dihydroaldosterone is a metabolite of aldosterone that is formed by 5α-reductase. It is a potent antinatriuretic agent similarly to but somewhat different...

title after a urine sample she submitted at the event showed a cannabis metabolite level above the allowed limit. She received a reduced suspension of one...

receptor. They are all prodrugs which need to be converted to an active metabolite in-vivo to inhibit the P2Y12 receptor. On the other hand, novel drugs...

cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower...

and may be grouped as: primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates and fats found in all plants secondary metabolites serving a more specific function...

been shown to be associated with the development of ICP, and levels of metabolites of progesterone, particularly sulfated progesterone, are higher in patients...

deficiency in the TK2 enzyme. Additionally dCMP is an indicator of several metabolite deficiency pathways such as UMP synthase deficiency or orotic aciduria...

preferable for the production of mycelial biomass and biologically active metabolites in order to produce a more uniform biomass and extract products. Growth...

Hydroxymetronidazole is the main metabolite of metronidazole. Both have antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity. Haberfeld H, ed. (2020). Austria-Codex (in...

produced by conversion of food, but it is also synthesized from other metabolites in the body's cells. In humans, the breakdown of glucose-containing polysaccharides...

of vitamin D Calcitroic acid (1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D), the major metabolite of calcitriol Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections Vitamin D and...

can also be uremic toxins.[citation needed] Urea was one of the first metabolites identified. Its removal is directly related to patient survival but its...

was thought to be responsible for the death. It is formed as a minor metabolite by mebeverine, which can result in false positives on drug tests for "ecstasy"...

contributes to the odor of sweaty clothing. 2-Heptanone was one of the metabolites of n-heptane found in the urine of employees exposed to heptane in shoe...

Escherichia coli strains resistant to ceftiofur have been reported. The metabolite desfuroylceftiofur also has antibiotic activity. The two compounds are...

metabolized in the liver, mostly by the cytochrome enzyme CYP3A4. Two major metabolites are produced: 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam, as well as...

vegetative and reproductive growth as well as production of plant secondary metabolites. Photosynthesis is defined as a series of biochemical reactions that...

captopril. Enalapril is actually a prodrug; the active metabolite is enalaprilat. The di-acid metabolite of enalapril, enalaprilat, and its lysine analogue...

effects after being converted into the major active metabolite morphine, and the minor metabolite 6-MAM - which itself is also rapidly converted to morphine...

taken orally, due to first-pass metabolism, very high levels of its metabolites occur. Most previous studies have used a method known as immunoassay...

DHA) is a drug used to treat malaria. Dihydroartemisinin is the active metabolite of all artemisinin compounds (artemisinin, artesunate, artemether, etc...

well as other sporting organizations. Androstenediol (A5) is a steroid metabolite of DHEA and the precursor to sex hormones testosterone and estradiol....

Glycocyamine (or guanidinoacetate) is a metabolite of glycine in which the amino group has been converted into a guanidine by guanylation (transfer of...

agonist of human TAAR1. Hydroxyamphetamine is a major metabolite of amphetamine and a minor metabolite of methamphetamine. In humans, amphetamine is metabolized...

active metabolite of 14-hydroxydihydrocodeine, an uncommonly used opiate (but is therefore also an active metabolite of a first-order active metabolite of...

pharmacological effects. Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are...

Glucuronidated metabolites of various chemicals can be tested for in bodily fluids. Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate are excreted in urine as metabolites of ethanol...

Norhydrocodone is the major metabolite of the opioid analgesic hydrocodone. It is formed from hydrocodone in the liver via N-demethylation predominantly...

5(10)-triene-3,4,16α,17β-tetrol, is an endogenous catechol estrogen and metabolite of estriol. It has been found in pregnancy urine. 2-Hydroxyestriol Theodore...

Streptomyces spp., are recognized as the producers of many bioactive metabolites that are useful to humans in medicine, such as antibacterials, antifungals...

D-DOPA, an enantiomer of L-DOPA 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or DOPAC, a metabolite of dopamine Dopa, an angel in Enochian Deleting Online Predators Act of...

inhibit the conversion of progesterone to allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid metabolite, which may be responsible for some of the debilitating symptoms of PMDD...

and in this situation significant adverse effects from the pethidine metabolite norpethidine may occur. Magnesium sulfate (epsom salts) has been proposed...

become quite popular among young people in French nightclubs. Like its metabolite GHB, it can also be used as a date-rape drug. If taken undiluted by mouth...