19th United States Congress
1825-1827 U.S. Congress
The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams 's presidency . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census . The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men , while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.
Major events
Major legislation
Treaties signed
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership " section.
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.
(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.
Skip to House of Representatives , below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827 ; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829 ; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831 .
▌ 2. William R. D. King (J)
▌ 3. Henry H. Chambers (J), until January 24, 1826
▌ Israel Pickens (J), February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826
▌ John McKinley (J), from November 27, 1826
▌ 1. Henry W. Edwards (J)
▌ 3. Calvin Willey (A), from May 4, 1825
▌ 1. Thomas Clayton (A)
▌ 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (A), until May 21, 1826
▌ Daniel Rodney (A), November 8, 1826 – January 12, 1827
▌ Henry M. Ridgely (J), from January 23, 1827
▌ 2. Thomas W. Cobb (J)
▌ 3. John Macpherson Berrien (J)
▌ 2. Jesse B. Thomas (A)
▌ 3. Elias K. Kane (J)
▌ 1. James Noble (A)
▌ 3. William Hendricks (A)
▌ 2. Richard M. Johnson (J)
▌ 3. John Rowan (J)
▌ 2. Dominique J. Bouligny (A)
▌ 3. Josiah S. Johnston (A)
▌ 1. John Holmes (A)
▌ 2. John Chandler (J)
▌ 1. Samuel Smith (J)
▌ 3. Edward Lloyd (J), until January 14, 1826
▌ Ezekiel F. Chambers (A), from January 24, 1826
▌ 1. Elijah H. Mills (A)
▌ 2. James Lloyd (A), until May 23, 1826
▌ Nathaniel Silsbee (A), from May 31, 1826
▌ 1. David Holmes (J), until September 25, 1825
▌ Powhatan Ellis (J), September 28, 1825 – January 28, 1826
▌ Thomas B. Reed (J), from January 28, 1826
▌ 2. Thomas H. Williams (J)
▌ 1. Thomas H. Benton (J)
▌ 3. David Barton (A)
▌ 2. Samuel Bell (A)
▌ 3. Levi Woodbury (J), from March 16, 1825
▌ 1. Joseph McIlvaine (A), until August 19, 1826
▌ Ephraim Bateman (A), from November 10, 1826
▌ 2. Mahlon Dickerson (J)
▌ 1. Martin Van Buren (J)
▌ 3. Nathan Sanford (A), from January 14, 1826
▌ 2. John Branch (J)
▌ 3. Nathaniel Macon (J)
▌ 1. Benjamin Ruggles (A)
▌ 3. William Henry Harrison (A)
▌ 1. William Findlay (J)
▌ 3. William Marks (A)
▌ 1. James DeWolf (A), until October 31, 1825
▌ Asher Robbins (A), from October 31, 1825
▌ 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (A)
▌ 2. Robert Y. Hayne (J)
▌ 3. John Gaillard (J), until February 26, 1826
▌ William Harper (J), March 8, 1826 – November 29, 1826
▌ William Smith (J), from November 29, 1826
▌ 1. John H. Eaton (J)
▌ 2. Andrew Jackson (J), until October 14, 1825
▌ Hugh Lawson White (J), from October 28, 1825
▌ 1. Horatio Seymour (A)
▌ 3. Dudley Chase (A)
▌ 1. James Barbour (J), until March 7, 1825
▌ John Randolph (J), from December 26, 1825
▌ 2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 19th Congress in March 1825. 2 Jacksonians
1 Jacksonian and 1 Anti-Jacksonian
2 Anti-Jacksonians
House of Representatives
▌ 1 . Gabriel Moore (J)
▌ 2 . John McKee (J)
▌ 3 . George W. Owen (J)
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large . John Baldwin (A)
▌ At-large . Noyes Barber (A)
▌ At-large . Ralph I. Ingersoll (A)
▌ At-large . Orange Merwin (A)
▌ At-large . Elisha Phelps (A)
▌ At-large . Gideon Tomlinson (A)
▌ At-large . Louis McLane (J)
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large . George Cary (J)
▌ At-large . Alfred Cuthbert (J)
▌ At-large . John Forsyth (J)
▌ At-large . Charles E. Haynes (J)
▌ At-large . James Meriwether (J)
▌ At-large . Edward F. Tattnall (J)
▌ At-large . Wiley Thompson (J)
▌ At-large . Daniel P. Cook (A)
▌ 1 . Ratliff Boon (J)
▌ 2 . Jonathan Jennings (A)
▌ 3 . John Test (A)
▌ 1 . David Trimble (A)
▌ 2 . Thomas Metcalfe (A)
▌ 3 . Henry Clay (A), until March 6, 1825
▌ James Clark (A), from August 1, 1825
▌ 4 . Robert P. Letcher (A)
▌ 5 . James Johnson (J), until August 13, 1826
▌ Robert L. McHatton (J), from December 7, 1826
▌ 6 . Joseph Lecompte (J)
▌ 7 . Thomas P. Moore (J)
▌ 8 . Richard A. Buckner (A)
▌ 9 . Charles A. Wickliffe (J)
▌ 10 . Francis Johnson (A)
▌ 11 . William S. Young (A)
▌ 12 . Robert P. Henry (J), until August 25, 1826
▌ John F. Henry (A), from December 11, 1826
▌ 1 . Edward Livingston (J)
▌ 2 . Henry H. Gurley (A)
▌ 3 . William L. Brent (A)
▌ 1 . William Burleigh (A)
▌ 2 . John Anderson (J)
▌ 3 . Ebenezer Herrick (A)
▌ 4 . Peleg Sprague (A)
▌ 5 . Enoch Lincoln (A), until 1826 (before September 11, 1826, [data missing ] )
▌ James W. Ripley (J), from September 11, 1826
▌ 6 . Jeremiah O'Brien (A)
▌ 7 . David Kidder (A)
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
▌ 1 . Clement Dorsey (A)
▌ 2 . Joseph Kent (A), until January 6, 1826
▌ John C. Weems (J), from February 1, 1826
▌ 3 . George Peter (J)
▌ 4 . Thomas C. Worthington (A)
▌ 5 . John Barney (A)
▌ 5 . Peter Little (A)
▌ 6 . George E. Mitchell (J)
▌ 7 . John L. Kerr (A)
▌ 8 . Robert N. Martin (A)
▌ 1 . Daniel Webster (A)
▌ 2 . Benjamin W. Crowninshield (A)
▌ 3 . John Varnum (A)
▌ 4 . Edward Everett (A)
▌ 5 . John Davis (A)
▌ 6 . John Locke (A)
▌ 7 . Samuel C. Allen (A)
▌ 8 . Samuel Lathrop (A)
▌ 9 . Henry W. Dwight (A)
▌ 10 . John Bailey (A)
▌ 11 . Aaron Hobart (A)
▌ 12 . Francis Baylies (J)
▌ 13 . John Reed Jr. (A)
▌ At-large . Christopher Rankin (J), until March 14, 1826
▌ William Haile (J), from July 10, 1826
▌ At-large . John Scott (A)
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large . Ichabod Bartlett (A)
▌ At-large . Titus Brown (A)
▌ At-large . Nehemiah Eastman (A)
▌ At-large . Jonathan Harvey (J)
▌ At-large . Joseph Healy (A)
▌ At-large . Thomas Whipple Jr. (A)
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large . George Cassedy (J)
▌ At-large . Lewis Condict (A)
▌ At-large . Daniel Garrison (J)
▌ At-large . George Holcombe (J)
▌ At-large . Samuel Swan (A)
▌ At-large . Ebenezer Tucker (A)
There were three plural districts: the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.
▌ 1 . Silas Wood (A)
▌ 2 . Joshua Sands (A)
▌ 3 . Churchill C. Cambreleng (J)
▌ 3 . Jeromus Johnson (J)
▌ 3 . Gulian C. Verplanck (J)
▌ 4 . Aaron Ward (A)
▌ 5 . Bartow White (A)
▌ 6 . John Hallock Jr. (J)
▌ 7 . Abraham B. Hasbrouck (A)
▌ 8 . James Strong (A)
▌ 9 . William McManus (A)
▌ 10 . Stephen Van Rensselaer (A)
▌ 11 . Henry Ashley (J)
▌ 12 . William Dietz (J)
▌ 13 . William G. Angel (J)
▌ 14 . Henry R. Storrs (A)
▌ 15 . Michael Hoffman (J)
▌ 16 . Henry Markell (A)
▌ 17 . John W. Taylor (A)
▌ 18 . Henry C. Martindale (A)
▌ 19 . Henry H. Ross (A)
▌ 20 . Nicoll Fosdick (A)
▌ 20 . Egbert Ten Eyck (J), until December 15, 1825
▌ Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A), from December 15, 1825
▌ 21 . Elias Whitmore (A)
▌ 22 . John Miller (A)
▌ 23 . Luther Badger (A)
▌ 24 . Charles Kellogg (A)
▌ 25 . Charles Humphrey (A)
▌ 26 . Dudley Marvin (A)
▌ 26 . Robert S. Rose (A)
▌ 27 . Moses Hayden (A)
▌ 28 . Timothy H. Porter (A)
▌ 29 . Parmenio Adams (A)
▌ 30 . Daniel G. Garnsey (J)
▌ 1 . Lemuel Sawyer (J)
▌ 2 . Willis Alston (J)
▌ 3 . Richard Hines (J)
▌ 4 . John H. Bryan (J)
▌ 5 . Gabriel Holmes (J)
▌ 6 . Weldon N. Edwards (J)
▌ 7 . Archibald McNeill (J)
▌ 8 . Willie P. Mangum (J), until March 18, 1826
▌ Daniel L. Barringer (J), from December 4, 1826
▌ 9 . Romulus M. Saunders (J)
▌ 10 . John Long (A)
▌ 11 . Henry W. Connor (J)
▌ 12 . Samuel P. Carson (J)
▌ 13 . Lewis Williams (A)
▌ 1 . James Findlay (J)
▌ 2 . John Woods (A)
▌ 3 . William McLean (A)
▌ 4 . Joseph Vance (A)
▌ 5 . John W. Campbell (A)
▌ 6 . John Thomson (J)
▌ 7 . Samuel F. Vinton (A)
▌ 8 . William Wilson (A)
▌ 9 . Philemon Beecher (A)
▌ 10 . David Jennings (A), until May 25, 1826
▌ Thomas Shannon (A), from December 4, 1826
▌ 11 . John C. Wright (A)
▌ 12 . John Sloane (A)
▌ 13 . Elisha Whittlesey (A)
▌ 14 . Mordecai Bartley (A)
There were six plural districts: the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.
▌ 1 . John Wurts (J)
▌ 2 . Joseph Hemphill (J), until 1826 (before October 10, 1826 — [data missing ] )
▌ Thomas Kittera (A), from October 10, 1826
▌ 3 . Daniel H. Miller (J)
▌ 4 . James Buchanan (J)
▌ 4 . Samuel Edwards (J)
▌ 4 . Charles Miner (A)
▌ 5 . Philip S. Markley (A)
▌ 6 . Robert Harris (J)
▌ 7 . William Addams (J)
▌ 7 . Henry Wilson (J), until August 14, 1826
▌ Jacob Krebs (J), from December 4, 1826
▌ 8 . Samuel D. Ingham (J)
▌ 8 . George Wolf (J)
▌ 9 . George Kremer (J)
▌ 9 . Samuel McKean (J)
▌ 9 . Espy Van Horne (J)
▌ 10 . James S. Mitchell (J)
▌ 11 . John Findlay (J)
▌ 11 . James Wilson (A)
▌ 12 . John Mitchell (J)
▌ 13 . Alexander Thomson (J), until May 1, 1826
▌ Chauncey Forward (J), from December 4, 1826
▌ 14 . Andrew Stewart (J)
▌ 15 . Joseph Lawrence (A)
▌ 16 . James Allison Jr. (J), until August 26, 1825 (before the assembling of Congress)
▌ Robert Orr Jr. (J), from October 11, 1825
▌ 16 . James S. Stevenson (J)
▌ 17 . George Plumer (J)
▌ 18 . Patrick Farrelly (J), until January 12, 1826
▌ Thomas H. Sill (A), from March 14, 1826
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large . Tristam Burges (A)
▌ At-large . Dutee J. Pearce (A)
▌ 1 . Joel R. Poinsett (J), until March 7, 1825
▌ William Drayton (J), from May 17, 1825
▌ 2 . James Hamilton Jr. (J)
▌ 3 . Thomas R. Mitchell (J)
▌ 4 . Andrew R. Govan (J)
▌ 5 . George McDuffie (J)
▌ 6 . John Wilson (J)
▌ 7 . Joseph Gist (J)
▌ 8 . John Carter (J)
▌ 9 . Starling Tucker (J)
▌ 1 . John Blair (J)
▌ 2 . John Cocke (J)
▌ 3 . James C. Mitchell (J)
▌ 4 . Jacob C. Isacks (J)
▌ 5 . Robert Allen (J)
▌ 6 . James K. Polk (J)
▌ 7 . Samuel Houston (J)
▌ 8 . John H. Marable (J)
▌ 9 . Adam R. Alexander (J)
▌ 1 . William C. Bradley (A)
▌ 2 . Rollin C. Mallary (A)
▌ 3 . George E. Wales (A)
▌ 4 . Ezra Meech (J)
▌ 5 . John Mattocks (A)
▌ 1 . Thomas Newton Jr. (A)
▌ 2 . James Trezvant (J)
▌ 3 . William S. Archer (J)
▌ 4 . Mark Alexander (J)
▌ 5 . John Randolph (J), until December 26, 1825
▌ George W. Crump (J), from January 21, 1826
▌ 6 . Thomas Davenport (J)
▌ 7 . Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J)
▌ 8 . Burwell Bassett (J)
▌ 9 . Andrew Stevenson (J)
▌ 10 . William C. Rives (J)
▌ 11 . Robert Taylor (A)
▌ 12 . Robert S. Garnett (J)
▌ 13 . John Taliaferro (A)
▌ 14 . Charles F. Mercer (A)
▌ 15 . John S. Barbour (J)
▌ 16 . William Armstrong (A)
▌ 17 . Alfred H. Powell (A)
▌ 18 . Joseph Johnson (J)
▌ 19 . William McCoy (J)
▌ 20 . John Floyd (J)
▌ 21 . William Smith (J)
▌ 22 . Benjamin Estil (A)
Non-voting members
Arkansas Territory . Henry W. Conway
Florida Territory . Joseph M. White
Michigan Territory . Austin E. Wing
Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
Replacements: 7
Deaths: 4
Resignations: 6
Interim appointments: 4
Total seats with changes: 13
Senate changes
State (class)
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[g]
New Hampshire (3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant
Levi Woodbury (J)
Installed March 16, 1825
Connecticut (3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant
Calvin Willey (A)
Installed May 4, 1825
New York (3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant
Nathan Sanford (A)
Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York
Virginia (1)
James Barbour (J)
Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War
John Randolph (J)
Appointed December 26, 1825
Mississippi (1)
David Holmes (J)
Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi
Powhatan Ellis (J)
Appointed September 28, 1825
Tennessee (2)
Andrew Jackson (J)
Resigned October 14, 1825
Hugh Lawson White (J)
Installed October 28, 1825
Rhode Island (1)
James De Wolf (A)
Resigned October 31, 1825
Asher Robbins (A)
Appointed October 31, 1825
Maryland (3)
Edward Lloyd (J)
Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate
Ezekiel F. Chambers (A)
Elected January 24, 1826
Alabama (3)
Henry H. Chambers (J)
Died January 24, 1826
Israel Pickens (J)
Appointed February 17, 1826
Mississippi (1)
Powhatan Ellis (J)
Successor elected January 28, 1826
Thomas B. Reed (J)
Installed January 28, 1826
South Carolina (3)
John Gaillard (J)
Died February 26, 1826
William Harper (J)
Appointed March 8, 1826
Delaware (2)
Nicholas Van Dyke (A)
Died May 21, 1826
Daniel Rodney (A)
Appointed November 8, 1826
Massachusetts (2)
James Lloyd (A)
Resigned May 23, 1826
Nathaniel Silsbee (A)
Installed May 31, 1826
New Jersey (1)
Joseph McIlvaine (A)
Died August 19, 1826
Ephraim Bateman (A)
Installed November 10, 1826
Alabama (3)
Israel Pickens (J)
Successor elected November 27, 1826
John McKinley (J)
Installed November 27, 1826
South Carolina (3)
William Harper (J)
Successor elected November 29, 1826
William Smith (J)
Installed November 29, 1826
Delaware (2)
Daniel Rodney (A)
Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected
Henry M. Ridgely (J)
Installed January 23, 1827
House of Representatives
Replacements: 11
Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
Jackson: 1 seat net loss
Deaths: 5
Resignations: 10
Contested election: 1
Total seats with changes: 16
House changes
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[g]
Kentucky 3rd
Henry Clay (A)
Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State
James Clark (A)
Seated August 1, 1825
South Carolina 1st
Joel R. Poinsett (J)
Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico
William Drayton (J)
Seated May 17, 1825
Pennsylvania 16th
James Allison Jr. (J)
Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress
Robert Orr Jr. (J)
Seated October 11, 1825
New York 20th
Egbert Ten Eyck (J)
Lost contested election December 15, 1825
Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A)
Seated December 15, 1825
Virginia 5th
John Randolph (J)
Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate
George W. Crump (J)
Seated January 21, 1826
Maryland 2nd
Joseph Kent (A)
Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland
John C. Weems (J)
Seated February 1, 1826
Pennsylvania 18th
Patrick Farrelly (J)
Died January 12, 1826
Thomas H. Sill (A)
Seated March 14, 1826
Mississippi at-large
Christopher Rankin (J)
Died March 14, 1826
William Haile (J)
Seated July 10, 1826
North Carolina 8th
Willie P. Mangum (J)
Resigned March 18, 1826
Daniel L. Barringer (J)
Seated December 4, 1826
Pennsylvania 13th
Alexander Thomson (J)
Resigned May 1, 1826
Chauncey Forward (J)
Seated December 4, 1826
Ohio 10th
David Jennings (A)
Resigned May 25, 1826
Thomas Shannon (A)
Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky 5th
James Johnson (J)
Died August 13, 1826
Robert L. McHatton (J)
Seated December 7, 1826
Pennsylvania 7th
Henry Wilson (J)
Died August 14, 1826
Jacob Krebs (J)
Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky 12th
Robert P. Henry (J)
Died August 25, 1826
John F. Henry (A)
Seated December 11, 1826
Maine 5th
Enoch Lincoln (A)
Resigned before September 11, 1826
James W. Ripley (J)
Seated September 11, 1826
Pennsylvania 2nd
Joseph Hemphill (J)
Resigned before October 10, 1826
Thomas Kittera (A)
Seated October 10, 1826
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
House of Representatives
Joint committees
Employees
Senate
House of Representatives
See also
Notes
^ Adams & Clay factions
^ Jackson faction
^ Crawford faction
^ Adams & Clay factions
^ Jackson faction
^ Crawford faction
^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links