HELLS
Limfoidnospecifična helikaza (Lsh) je član porodice helikaza SNF2 proteina hromatinskog remodeliranja koju kod ljudi kodira gen HELLS.
Aminokiselinska sekvenca
Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 838 aminokiselina, а molekulska težina 97.074 Da.[5]
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPAERPAGSG | GSEAPAMVEQ | LDTAVITPAM | LEEEEQLEAA | GLERERKMLE | ||||
| KARMSWDRES | TEIRYRRLQH | LLEKSNIYSK | FLLTKMEQQQ | LEEQKKKEKL | ||||
| ERKKESLKVK | KGKNSIDASE | EKPVMRKKRG | REDESYNISE | VMSKEEILSV | ||||
| AKKNKKENED | ENSSSTNLCV | EDLQKNKDSN | SIIKDRLSET | VRQNTKFFFD | ||||
| PVRKCNGQPV | PFQQPKHFTG | GVMRWYQVEG | MEWLRMLWEN | GINGILADEM | ||||
| GLGKTVQCIA | TIALMIQRGV | PGPFLVCGPL | STLPNWMAEF | KRFTPDIPTM | ||||
| LYHGTQEERQ | KLVRNIYKRK | GTLQIHPVVI | TSFEIAMRDR | NALQHCYWKY | ||||
| LIVDEGHRIK | NMKCRLIREL | KRFNADNKLL | LTGTPLQNNL | SELWSLLNFL | ||||
| LPDVFDDLKS | FESWFDITSL | SETAEDIIAK | EREQNVLHML | HQILTPFLLR | ||||
| RLKSDVALEV | PPKREVVVYA | PLSKKQEIFY | TAIVNRTIAN | MFGSSEKETI | ||||
| ELSPTGRPKR | RTRKSINYSK | IDDFPNELEK | LISQIQPEVD | RERAVVEVNI | ||||
| PVESEVNLKL | QNIMMLLRKC | CNHPYLIEYP | IDPVTQEFKI | DEELVTNSGK | ||||
| FLILDRMLPE | LKKRGHKVLL | FSQMTSMLDI | LMDYCHLRDF | NFSRLDGSMS | ||||
| YSEREKNMHS | FNTDPEVFIF | LVSTRAGGLG | INLTAADTVI | IYDSDWNPQS | ||||
| DLQAQDRCHR | IGQTKPVVVY | RLVTANTIDQ | KIVERAAAKR | KLEKLIIHKN | ||||
| HFKGGQSGLN | LSKNFLDPKE | LMELLKSRDY | EREIKGSREK | VISDKDLELL | ||||
| LDRSDLIDQM | NASGPIKEKM | GIFKILENSE | DSSPECLF |
Funkcija
Pokazalo se da gen HELLS ima ključnu ulogu u metilaciji DNK, pakiranju hromatina, kontroli Hox gena, proliferaciji matičnih ćelija i razvoju limfoidnog tkiva.
U embrionu u razvoju, epigenetičko programiranje se kontrolira mehanizmima metilacije DNK i organizacije hromatina. Ovi procesi su glavni regulatori koji određuju koji se geni uključuju ili isključuju tokom razvoja. Lsh, protein kodiran genom HELLS glavni je regulator obrazaca metilacije i stoga je ključan za normalan razvoj fetusa.
Mutacije i nokauti gena HELLS ozbiljno remete proces fetusnog programiranja. Kod miševa je izbacivanje gena HELLS rezultiralo smrću embriona pri rođenju i uzrokovalo zaostajanje embrionskog rasta. Kod ljudi, hipometilacija uzrokovana mutacijom u HELLS genu povezana je sa sindromom 4 anomalije lica (ICF4), koji je usredotočen na imunodeficijenciju. Ovo je rijetka bolest koja uzrokuje imunodeficijenciju, anomalije lica, usporavanje rasta, neuspjeh u razvoju i psihomotornu retardaciju. Štetni učinci zbog odsutnosti i mutacije gena HELLS rezultat su opsežnog gubitka široke genomske metilacije i abnormalne ekspresije ponavljajućih sekvenci. Poremećaji u obrascima metilacije mogu uzrokovati utišavanje gena ili prekomjernu ekspresiju gena, što dovodi do abnormalnih, a u nekim slučajevima i fatalnih razvojnih posljedica.
Ovaj gen kodira limfoidno specifičnu helikazu. Druge helikaze funkcioniraju u procesima koji uključuju razdvajanje DNK lanca, uključujući replikaciju, popravak, rekombinaciju i transkripciju. Smatra se da je ovaj protein uključen u ćelijsku proliferaciju i da može imati ulogu u leukemogenezi. Opisane su alternativne varijante transkripta, ali njihova biološka valjanost nije utvrđena.[6]
Reference
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000119969 - Ensembl, maj 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025001 - Ensembl, maj 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "UniProt, Q9NRZ9". Pristupljeno 3. 9. 2021.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: HELLS helicase, lymphoid-specific".
Dopunska literatura
- Ohira M, Morohashi A, Nakamura Y, Isogai E, Furuya K, Hamano S, et al. (juli 2003). "Neuroblastoma oligo-capping cDNA project: toward the understanding of the genesis and biology of neuroblastoma". Cancer Letters. 197 (1–2): 63–8. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(03)00085-5. PMID 12880961.
- Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (april 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
- Hillier LD, Lennon G, Becker M, Bonaldo MF, Chiapelli B, Chissoe S, et al. (septembar 1996). "Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags". Genome Research. 6 (9): 807–28. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.807. PMID 8889549.
- Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, et al. (april 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
- Sun LQ, Lee DW, Zhang Q, Xiao W, Raabe EH, Meeker A, et al. (maj 2004). "Growth retardation and premature aging phenotypes in mice with disruption of the SNF2-like gene, PASG". Genes & Development. 18 (9): 1035–46. doi:10.1101/gad.1176104. PMC 406293. PMID 15105378.
- Yano M, Ouchida M, Shigematsu H, Tanaka N, Ichimura K, Kobayashi K, et al. (oktobar 2004). "Tumor-specific exon creation of the HELLS/SMARCA6 gene in non-small cell lung cancer". International Journal of Cancer. 112 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1002/ijc.20407. PMID 15305370. S2CID 9416948.
- Xi S, Zhu H, Xu H, Schmidtmann A, Geiman TM, Muegge K (septembar 2007). "Lsh controls Hox gene silencing during development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (36): 14366–71. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10414366X. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703669104. PMC 1955459. PMID 17726103.
- Fan T, Hagan JP, Kozlov SV, Stewart CL, Muegge K (februar 2005). "Lsh controls silencing of the imprinted Cdkn1c gene". Development. 132 (4): 635–44. doi:10.1242/dev.01612. PMID 15647320.
- Dennis K, Fan T, Geiman T, Yan Q, Muegge K (novembar 2001). "Lsh, a member of the SNF2 family, is required for genome-wide methylation". Genes & Development. 15 (22): 2940–4. doi:10.1101/gad.929101. PMC 312825. PMID 11711429.
Vanjski linkovi
- "HELLS (Helicase, Lymphoid-Specific)". Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology. Arhivirano s originala, 3. 9. 2021. Pristupljeno 3. 9. 2021.
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