zh 一氧化钍

一氧化钍
	IUPAC名; Thorium monoxide; Thorium(II) oxide
识别
CAS号	12035-93-7
SMILES	[Th]=O;
性质
化学式	ThO
摩尔质量	248.04 g·mol−1 g·mol⁻¹
外观	黑色固体
结构
晶体结构	面心立方晶系
晶格常数	a = 4.31 Å
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

一氧化钍 （又称氧化钍(II) ），是一种钍的二元氧化物，化学式 ThO。这个二元化合物的共价键的极性很大。已经计算出两个原子之间的有效电场为每厘米约80吉伏，这是已知的最大内部有效电场之一。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

空气中钍的简单燃烧会产生二氧化钍。但是，在氧气存在下激光烧蚀（英语：Laser ablation）会生成一氧化钍。^[6] 另外，在中等温度下将钍薄膜暴露于低压氧气会在更稳定的二氧化钍涂层下形成快速生长的一氧化钍层。^[7]

在极度高温（1,850 K（1,580 °C；2,870 °F））的情况下，二氧化钍可以和液态钍发生归中反应，生成一氧化钍；甚至二氧化钍会在超过 2,500 K（2,230 °C；4,040 °F）的情况下直接分解，生成一氧化钍和氧气。^[8]

{\ce {ThO2 + Th(l) <=> 2 ThO(s)}}

{\ce {ThO2 -> ThO(s) + 1/2 O2}}

参考资料

^ Stoll, Wolfgang. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
^ Skripnikov, L. V. Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214301. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. arXiv:1610.00994 . doi:10.1063/1.4968229 （英语）.
^ Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo. In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214307. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357. doi:10.1063/1.4968597 （英语）.
^ Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2013-12-14, 139 (22): 221103. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. arXiv:1308.0414 . doi:10.1063/1.4843955 （英语）.
^ The ACME EDM Experiment. electronedm.org. [2018-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-21）.
^ Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2007, 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. PMID 17912418. doi:10.1039/B709343H.
^ He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2017, 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046 .
^ Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

[1] Stoll, Wolfgang. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2011. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_001. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)

[2] Skripnikov, L. V. Combined 4-component and relativistic pseudopotential study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214301. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799403. arXiv:1610.00994 . doi:10.1063/1.4968229 （英语）.

[3] Denis, Malika; Fleig, Timo. In search of discrete symmetry violations beyond the standard model: Thorium monoxide reloaded. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2016-12-07, 145 (21): 214307. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 28799357. doi:10.1063/1.4968597 （英语）.

[4] Skripnikov, L. V.; Petrov, A. N.; Titov, A. V. Communication: Theoretical study of ThO for the electron electric dipole moment search. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2013-12-14, 139 (22): 221103. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 24329049. arXiv:1308.0414 . doi:10.1063/1.4843955 （英语）.

[5] The ACME EDM Experiment. electronedm.org. [2018-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-21）.

[6] Dewberry, Christopher T.; Etchison, Kerry C.; Cooke, Stephen A. The pure rotational spectrum of the actinide-containing compound thorium monoxide. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2007, 9 (35): 4895–4897. Bibcode:2007PCCP....9.4895D. PMID 17912418. doi:10.1039/B709343H.

[7] He, Heming; Majewski, Jaroslaw; Allred, David D.; Wang, Peng; Wen, Xiaodong; Rector, Kirk D. Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2017, 487: 288–296. Bibcode:2017JNuM..487..288H. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.046 .

[Hoch1954-8] Hoch, Michael; Johnston, Herrick L. The Reaction Occurring on Thoriated Cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76 (19): 4833–4835. doi:10.1021/ja01648a018.

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一氧化钍

参考资料

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