Nitroheno

Nitrogen, 7N
A transparant liquid, with visible evaporation, being poured into a beaker
Liquid nitrogen (N2 at < −196 °C)
Nitrogen
Allotropestingnan ang § mga alatropo
Appearancecolorless gas, liquid or solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(N)
  • [14.00643, 14.00728]
  • 14.007±0.001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Nitrogen sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
N
↓
P
carbon ← nitrogen → oxygen
Atomikong bilang (Z)7
Group15
Period2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell2, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point(N2) 63.23[3] K ​(−209.86[3] °C, ​−345.75[3] °F)
Boiling point(N2) 77.355 K ​(−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F)
Density (at STP)1.2506 g/L[4] at 0 °C, 1013 mbar
when liquid (at b.p.)0.808 g/cm3
Triple point63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa
Critical point126.21 K, 3.39 MPa
Heat of fusion(N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization(N2) 5.57 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[5] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (isang matapang na asidikong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.04
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius71±1 pm
Van der Waals radius155 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng nitrogen
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structure ​hexagonal (hP4)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal crystal structure for nitrogen
a = 411.6 pm
c = 673.4 pm (at t.p.)[6]
Thermal conductivity25.83×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Speed of sound353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
CAS Number17778-88-0
7727-37-9 (N2)
History
DiscoveryDaniel Rutherford (1772)
Named byJean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
Isotopes of nitrogen
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
13N trace 9.965 min β+ 13C
14N 99.6% stable
15N 0.4% stable
16N synth 7.13 s β− 16O
β−α<0.01% 12C
Kategorya: Nitrogen
| references

Ang nitroheno (Ingles: nitrogen; Espanyol: nitrógeno) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong N at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 7. Ito ay isang tamad at diatomikong gas na walang lasa, amoy o kulay sa pamantayang kundisyon. Binubuo ng nitroheno ang 78.1% ng atmospera ng Daigdig at ito ay isang bahaging elemento ng lahat ng buhay na tisyu at asido amino.

Maraming kompuwesto, tulad ng ammonia at asido nitriko, ay may nitroheno. Ang mga kemikal na ito ay umiikot sa ating ecosystem dahil sa Nitrogen Cycle na kung saan nagagamit ulit nating ang mga kimikal na ito.

Mga sanggunian

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Nitrogen" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2009.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lide, David R. (1990–1991). CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles) (ika-71st (na) labas). Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, Boston: CRC Press, inc. pp. 4-22 (one page).
  4. ↑ "Gases - Density". The Engineering Toolbox. Nakuha noong 27 January 2019.
  5. ↑ Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH2N4 (two atoms N(0)) is given in Ronald A. Henry and William G. Finnegan, "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole", _J. Am. Chem. Soc._ (1954), 76, 1, 290–291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086.
  6. ↑ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

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