Uretra
| Uretra | |
|---|---|
Ilustrasi (a) uretra wanita dan (b) uretra lelaki. | |
| Butiran | |
| Pendahulu | Sinus urogenital |
| Arteri | Arteri vesikal inferior Arteri rektum tengah Arteri pudenal dalaman |
| Urat | Vena vesikal inferior Vena rektum tengah Vena pudenal dalaman |
| Saraf | Saraf pudenal Saraf splanknik pelvis Pleksus hipogastrik inferior |
| Limfa | Nodus limfa iliak dalaman Nodus limfa inguinal dalam |
| Pengenalpastian | |
| nama bahasa Latin | urethra vagina; feminina (wanita); urethra masculina (lelaki) |
| nama bahasa Yunani | οὐρήθρα |
| MeSH | D014521 |
| TA | A08.4.01.001F A08.5.01.001M |
| FMA | FMA:19667 |
| Terminologi anatomi | |
Uretra (daripada bahasa Yunani οὐρήθρα – ourḗthrā) ialah suatu saluran yang menghubungkan pundi kencing ke meatus urin sebagai saluran keluar air kencing dari badan bagi kedua-dua badan wanita dan lelaki. Dalam wanita manusia serta primat, uretra berhubung dengan meatus urin di atas faraj sementara di marsupial, uretra betina terhubung dengan sinus urogenital.[1]
Sementara wanita hanya menggunakan uretra sebagai saluran keluar urin, lelaki pula menggunakan uretra dalam proses pembuangan urin dan pancutan mani.[2] Sfinkter uretra luaran ialah suatu otot berjalur yang membolehkan kawalan terhadap proses kencing.[3] sfinkter dalaman pula terbentuk daripada otot licin yang melapisi leher pundi dan uretra, dan menerima isyarat saraf dari bahagian simpatetik dalam sistem saraf autonomi.[4] Sfinkter dalam ini wujud dalam kedua-dua badan jantan dan betina.[5][6][7]
Rujukan
- ^ Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe; Marilyn Renfree (30 January 1987). Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 172–. ISBN 978-0-521-33792-2.
- ^ Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. m/s. 583–. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Dicapai pada 6 May 2013.
- ^ Marianne J. Legato, John P. Bilezikian (editors) (2004). "109: The Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence". Principles of Gender-specific Medicine. 1. Gulf Professional Publishing. m/s. 1187.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Chancellor, Michael B; Yoshimura, Naoki (2004). "Neurophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence". Reviews in Urology. 6 (Suppl 3): S19–S28. PMC 1472861. PMID 16985861.
- ^ Jung, Junyang; Anh, Hyo Kwang; Huh, Youngbuhm (September 2012). "Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Urethral Sphincter". International Neurourology Journal. 16 (3): 102–106. doi:10.5213/inj.2012.16.3.102. PMC 3469827. PMID 23094214.
- ^ Karam, I.; Moudouni, S.; Droupy, S.; Abd-Almasad, I.; Uhl, J. F.; Delmas, V. (April 2005). "The structure and innervation of the male urethra: histological and immunohistochemical studies with three-dimensional reconstruction". Journal of Anatomy. 206 (4): 395–403. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00402.x. PMC 1571491. PMID 15817107.
- ^ Ashton-Miller, J. A.; DeLancey, J. O. (April 2007). "Functional anatomy of the female pelvic floor". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1101 (1): 266–296. Bibcode:2007NYASA1101..266A. doi:10.1196/annals.1389.034. hdl:2027.42/72597. PMID 17416924. S2CID 6310287.
External links
Media berkaitan Uretra di Wikimedia Commons
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