Histamine and other histamine H1 receptor agonists also have wakefulness-promoting effects.[9][17][18] However, H1 receptor agonists as drugs are limited by their mediation of allergy-type symptoms.[18]
Aside from the above-described wakefulness-promoting agents, the GHB and GABAB receptoragonistsodium oxybate or γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been used in the treatment of narcolepsy.[20][8][5][3] Relatedly, some researchers have classified this drug as a stimulant-like agent.[20] However, GHB is taken at night and only results in improved wakefulness the next day following sleep.[20]
The related term "eugeroic" (or "eugregoric") means "vigilance-promoting".[5] It was introduced in 1987 in the French literature and has been used as an alternative term to refer to wakefulness-promoting drugs and to distinguish them from psychostimulants.[5] However, the term has usually been used to refer specifically to modafinil and its analogues, even to the exclusion of other wakefulness-promoting agents.[5][21][22] Moreover, the term has not been widely adopted in the scientific literature.[5] The discovery of wakefulness-promoting neurons and the orexinneuropeptides has prompted a terminological shift away from the concept of "vigilance-promoting" to "wakefulness-promoting".[5]
References
^ abcBoutrel B, Koob GF (September 2004). "What keeps us awake: the neuropharmacology of stimulants and wakefulness-promoting medications". Sleep. 27 (6): 1181–1194. doi:10.1093/sleep/27.6.1181. PMID15532213.
^ abcdefghNishino, Seiji; Kotorii, Nozomu (2016). "Modes of Action of Drugs Related to Narcolepsy: Pharmacology of Wake-Promoting Compounds and Anticataplectics". Narcolepsy. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 307–329. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23739-8_22. ISBN978-3-319-23738-1.
^ abcdefgThorpy MJ, Bogan RK (April 2020). "Update on the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy: mechanisms of action and clinical implications". Sleep Med. 68: 97–109. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.001. PMID32032921.
^Macolino-Kane, Christine M.; Ciallella, John R.; Lipinski, Christopher A.; Reaume, Andrew G. (14 July 2017). "Phenotypic Screening". Drug Repositioning(PDF). Frontiers in Neurotherapeutics. Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press. p. 121–145. doi:10.4324/9781315373669-7. ISBN978-1-315-37366-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Veinberg G, Vavers E, Orlova N, Kuznecovs J, Domracheva I, Vorona M, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M (2015). "Stereochemistry of phenylpiracetam and its methyl derivative: improvement of the pharmacological profile". Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. 51 (7): 601–606. doi:10.1007/s10593-015-1747-9. ISSN0009-3122. Phenylpiracetam was originally designed as a nootropic drug for the sustenance and improvement of the physical condition and cognition abilities of Soviet space crews.2 Later, especially during the last decade, phenylpiracetam was introduced into general clinical practice in Russia and in some Eastern European countries. The possible target receptors and mechanisms for the acute activity of this drug remained unclear, until very recently it was found that (R)-phenylpiracetam (5) (MRZ-9547) is a selective dopamine transporter inhibitor that moderately stimulates striatal dopamine release.19
