Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

 

Manza language

Manza
Mandja
Native toCentral African Republic
EthnicityMandja
Native speakers
(220,000 cited 1996)[1]
Niger–Congo?
Language codes
ISO 639-3mzv
Glottologmanz1243

Manza (Mānzā, Mandja) is a Ubangian language spoken by the Mandja people of the Central African Republic. It is closely related to Ngbaka and may be to some extent mutually intelligible.

Phonology

The phonology consists of the following:[2]

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labio-
velar
Glottal
Nasal m n (ɲ) ŋ ŋ͡m
Plosive voiceless p t k k͡p
voiced b d ɡ ɡ͡b
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ ᵑᵐɡ͡b
implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative voiceless f s h
voiced v z
prenasal ⁿz
Tap ɾ
Approximant (l) j w
  • Sounds /ɾ/ and /ⱱ/ are very rare in word-initial position.
  • /ⁿz/ can be heard in free variation as a prenasal affricate sound [ⁿd͡ʒ].
  • [l] is only heard in free variation of /j/.
  • /j/ can be heard as [ɲ] when preceding a nasal vowel.

Vowels

Oral vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
  • /a/ can have an allophone of [ɐ], when in complementary distribution.
Nasal vowels
Front Central Back
Close ĩ ũ
Open-mid ɛ̃ ɔ̃
Open ã
  • The nasalization of /ɛ̃/ may also be heard more lower as [æ̃] in free variation.

Writing system

Manza alphabet[3]
a b bh d dh e ɛ f g gb h i k kp l m mb n nd ndj ngb ŋ ŋg ŋm o ɔ p r s t u v vb w y z

The tones are indicated on the letters using diacritics:

  • the middle tone is indicated using the umlaut: ⟨ä, ë, ɛ̈, ï, ö, ɔ̈, ü⟩ ;
  • the high tone is indicated using the circumflex accent: ⟨â, ê, ɛ̂, î, ô, ɔ̂, û⟩.


References

  1. ^ Manza at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Moore, Troy C. (2000). Manza Phonology Statement. SIL.
  3. ^ Ngodi, Gounoukon & Moore 2017, p. 34-35.

Works cited

  • Ngodi, Edmond; Gounoukon, Orphe-Magloire; Moore, Troy (2017). Hârâ nɛ mɛ̈ yɔ̂ rɔ̂ nû mandja [Lire et écrire en mandja] (3 ed.). Bangui: Association centrafricaine pour la traduction de la Bible et d’alphabétisation (ACATBA) et SIL International.


Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya


Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve 
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9