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Family tree of early and legendary Thai monarchs

Jayavarman VII (Patumsuriyawong) lineage[1]: 11 
From Chawa (ชวา, Luang Prabang) or Nam Ou basin.[2]Suriya Racha
(สุริยราชา)[1]: 11 
King of Pichit Prakan		Sirisutha Ratchathewi
(สิริสุธาราชเทวี)[1]: 11 
Si Nao Nam Thum [th][a]
Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae[2]
King of Sukhothai–Chaliang
r. 1157/58–1181/82		Suriya Thewi
(สุริยาเทวี)[1]: 11 		Chantha Racha[a]
(จันทราชา)[1]: 11 
Former K. of Phichit Prakan
King of Sukhothai–Chaliang
r. 1208–1238[4]		Nang Nak
(นางนาค)[1]: 12–13 
Sukhon Thewi [km]
(สุขรมหาเทวี)
Princess of Yaśodharapura		Pha Mueang
Ruler of Mueang Rat[b]
Late 12th–mid 13th centuries		Sueang [th][6]: 19 Phra Ruang I[1]: 24–28 
(Si Inthrathit)[4]
K. of Sukhothai–Sawankhalok
1188–1270
r. 1238–1270		Rebuild Sawankhalok[1]: 17 / Phra Ruang Dynasty establishment
Khamhaeng Phra Ram [th]
Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae[c]		First king of Si Nao Nam Thum dynasty [th]Some scholars speculate he's from upper Nan River Valley[2]
Si Sattha [th]
Ruler of Saraluang–Song Khwae[c]
1315–?		Ban Mueang
King of Sukhothai–Sawankhalok
?–1271
r. 1270–1271		Ram Khamhaeng
King of Sukhothai–
Sawankhalok[1]: 24–28 
1237/47–1298
r. 1279–1298		Si Chanthra
(ศรีจันทรา)[1]: 17 		Unknown
(Commoner from Donwun)[1]: 18 
Unknown
(Princess)		Unknown
(Princess)		Ngua Nam Thum
King of Sukhothai
?–1347/48
r. 1323/24–1347/48		Loe Thai
King of Sukhothai[1]: 29 
r. 1298–1323		May Hnin Thwe-Da
(สุวรรณเทวี)[1]: 17 
~1250s–?		Wareru
K. of Hanthawaddy
1253–1307
r. 1287–1307
After the reign of Ram Khamhaeng, the seat of Sawankhalok was vacant for 50 years[1]: 29 Hkun Law
K. of Hanthawaddy
r.1307–1311		Hnin U Yaing
c. 1260s–1319
Sumontha Thewi
(สุมณฑาเทวี)[1]: 29 		Lithai
Ex-ruler of Sawankhalok[1]: 29  (r.1340–1362/63)[6]: 31 
King of Sukhothai
r. 1347–1368		Continue to the Wareru Dynasty
Khottrabong (โคตรบอง)
Ruler of Sawankhalok[1]: 32, 35 
r. 1368–1429		Appointed ruler (Independent)After the reign of Lithai, Sukhothai became a vassal of Ayutthaya
Saeng Hang (แสงหัง)
Ruler of Sawankhalok[1]: 35 
r. 1429–?		Usurper (Independent)Continue to the Phra Ruang Dynasty

Phitsanulok–Chai Nat–Singburi

From Mueang Chiang Saen [th][7]
Sai Nam Phueng
(สายน้ำผึ้ง)[1]: 35–36 
Ruler of Sawankhalok
r. 1106–1111
Later King of Lavo's Ayodhya
r. 1111–1165		Dara Ratchathewi
(ดาราราชเทวี)[1]: 36 
Siri Pracha Ratchathewi
(ศิริประชาราชเทวี)[1]: 37 		Suthamma Racha
(สุธรรมราชา/ศรีธรรมไตรปิฏก)
Ruler of Phitsanulok[1]: 36–37 
r. ?–1115
Later king of Lavo's Lavapura
r. 1115–1181		Jayavarman VII (Pathum Suriyawong) lineage
(Re)founded PhitsanulokUnknown
(Pathum Suriyawong lineage)[1]: 37 
Inthawadi Thewi
(อินทวดีเทวี)[1]: 38 		Phitsanu Racha
(พิษณุราชา)[1]: 37–38 
Ruler of Phitsanulok		Sirikanya Ratchathewi
(ศิริกัญญาราชเทวี)[1]: 38 		Phichai Racha
(พิชัยราชา)[1]: 38 
Ruler of Phichai Buri[d]		Founder of Phichai Buri[d]
Founder of PhichitSuchawadi Thewi
(สุชาวดีเทวี)[1]: 39 		Si Sing
(ศรีสิงห์)[1]: 38–39 
Ruler of Phichai Buri[d]		Suwanna Bappata
(สุวรรณบัพพตา)[1]: 39 
Chetthakuman
(เชษฐกุมาร)		Chantha Thewi
(จันทาเทวี)[1]: 40 		Surintharacha
(สุรินทราชา)[1]: 40–42 
Ruler of Chai Nat		Suriyawongsa
(สุริยวงศา)[1]: 42 
Ruler of Chai Nat		Pathumwadi
(ปทุมวดี)[1]: 42 		Anurat (อนุราช)
Ex-ruler of Chai Nat
Ruler of Sing Buri		In Sucha Thewi
(อินสุชาเทวี)[1]: 44 
Founder of Chai NatIntharacha
(อินทราชา)[1]: 44–45 
Ruler of Sing Buri		Rebuild Singburi and enthroned as a new ruler[1]: 43 
Ramesuan
(ราเมศวร)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri
Borommaracha
(บรมราชา)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri
Maha Chakkrawat
(มหาจักรวรรดิ)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri
Phothisan
(โพธิสาร)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri

Early Lavo (Uthong) dynasty

1st theory: Lavo's Singburi lineage

Unknown origin[1]: 45 
Ekracha[1]: 45 
(เอกราชา)
Ruler of Sing Buri		Boromtilok
(บรมติโลก)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri
Siri Phupa Racha
(ศิริภูปราชา)[1]: 45 
Ruler of Sing Buri
Mani Mala[1]: 46 
(มณีมาลา)		Intharacha[1]: 46 
Ex-ruler of Sing Buri
Ruler of Phetchaburi		Uthong
Ruler of Sing Buri
Phummawadi Thewi [1]: 47 
(ภุมมาวดีเทวี)		Uthong[e][1]: 47 
Ex-ruler of Phetchaburi
1st Ayutthaya's king		Rebuild Phetchaburi
and enthroned as
a new ruler.[1]: 46 
Continue to the
Lavo (Uthong) dynasty
of Ayutthaya

2nd theory: Phetchaburi – Lavo's Ayodhya lineage

  King of Suphannabhum
  King of Ayutthaya
  King of Lavo's Lopburi (as a frontier city of Sukhothai)
Singhanavati dynasty[8]: 46–84 
Phangkharat [th]
King of Singhanavati
Thukkhita [th]
King of Singhanavati		Phrom
Ruler of Wiang
Chai Prakan
Kaeo-supha
(แก้วสุภา)		Chaiyasiri
Ruler of Wiang Chai
Prakan and Nacontai		Origin remains uncleared, possibly from the Angkor, Mun River Valley, Lavo, South India, or south of the Kra Isthmus.From Wiang Phang Kham
of Singhanavati[9]		Kraison Rat
(ไกรศรราช)
Soi La/U Thong I[10]
(พระยาสร้อยหล้า/อู่ทอง)		Chaisiri or Chaiyasiri?
(ชัยศิริ)
Ruler of Phetchaburi		Pprappanom Tteleiseri[10]
Ruler of Phetchaburi
r.1188–?		1st Tritrueng [th] King
King of Phraek Si Racha
(Name unidentified)
U Thong II
(พระเจ้าอู่ทอง)		Phanom Wang[11]
Ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat		Sadiang Thong
Princes of Tritrueng [th][11]		2nd Tritrueng [th] King
King of Phraek Si Racha
Later Lavo King[12]
U Thong III
(พระยาอู่ทอง)		Sontra
Ruler of Na Tranom		Kuman
Ruler of Tathong [th]		Sri Maharacha[13]
Ruler of Sa U Lao[14]
Later K. of Thep Nakhon Chaisiri		Son Sai
(สนไส้/จันทรเทวีศรีรัตนฉายา)[12]
Unknown[15]
Princes of U Thong		Ramracha (Uthong?)
1st king of Ayutthaya
Ramesuan
2nd king of Ayutthaya
Lavo dynasty
of Ayutthaya
Daughter of Loe Thai
(Sukhothai Kingdom)		Pho Ngua[16]
3rd king of Ayutthaya
Ex-ruler of Suphannabhum		Unknown
Princess
Suphannabhum dynasty
of Ayutthaya

3rd theory: Si Satchanalai – Lavo's Ayodhya lineage

  King of Suphannabhum
  King of Phetchaburi
  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Phetchaburi
  King of Ayutthaya–Suphannabhum
  King of Lavo's Lopburi
  King of Lavo's Ayodhya (formerly "Mueang Nong Son" or "Mueang Wat Derm")
  King of Ayutthaya
  King of Nakhon Si Thammarat
  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Lopburi
  King of Lavo's Ayodhya–Suphannabhum
  King of Ayutthaya–Phetchaburi
Timeline and family tree of Thai monarchs in the lower Chao Phraya Valley from the 10th century to the formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
Invented Chula SakaratKakaphat/Sak Kon Dam
(กากะพัตร/สักกรดำ)[17]: 25 
King of Takkasila
(Ayodhyapura?)
r. 566–638
Ram Rat
(รามราช)
King of Ramburi[18]
(Ayodhyapura?)
r. 648?–?		Camadevi
(จามเทวี)[18]
Queen of Haripuñjaya
r. 622–629		Kanwannaditsarat
(กาฬวรรณดิศราช)[17]: 25 
King of Takkasila (Ayodhyapura?)
r. 638–648
King of Lavo
r. 648–700		Founder of Lavo
Continue to the Camadevi dynasty of HaripuñjayaSeveral generationsContinue to the Lavo dynasty of Lavo KingdomFall of Ayodhyapura
From Mueang Bang Than (บางทาน), Kamphaeng Phet[17]: 30 Utchitthaka Chakkrawat
(อุฉิฎฐกะจักรวรรดิ)
r. ?–927/928
Later King of Haripuñjaya		Continue to the Lavo dynasty of HaripuñjayaKong
กง[17]: 55–59 
r. 807[19]–867[20]
Maha Phutthasakhon
(พระมหาพุทธสาคร)
Founder of Mueang Wat Derm
r. 934–964[17]: 30 [f]		Tambralinga conquered of Lavo in 927/928, Lavo' king Uchitajakraphad fled to HaripuñjayaPhan
พาน/พาลราช
r. 867[20]–916[21]: 530 
Also King of Haripuñjaya
(r. 913–916)[21]: 530 
Kottabong
โคตรตะบอง
Ruler of Mueang Wat Derm
r. 964–983[17]: 30–31 		Sujita
(สุชิตราช/ชีวกะ/วรราช)
King of Tambralinga
(r. ?–1003?)
King of Lavo
(r. 927/928)		Lavo led by Sujita seized Suphannabhum, Chadachota and Thamikaraj fled to Tak and Haripuñjaya.[21]: 191 Unknown[21]: 191 
Potentially, Phansa
(พระพรรษา)[17]: 59 
r. 913–1003?
or 916–1006?		Several generations
Usurper
Sinthop Amarin Kraek
(สินทพอมรินทร แกรก)[21]: 65 
Ruler of Mueang Wat Derm
r. 983–1042 (59 yrs)[17]: 33 		Devastation of Lavo due to the 1002–1010 Angkorian Civil WarsKamphot
(กัมโพช)
r. 927/928–?		Lavo attacked Haripuñjaya in 930/931 but failed.[22]920s–1050s Lower Chao Phraya Valley's political turmoil
Narai of Lavo claimed the throne and moved the Lavo seat to "Mueang Wat Derm" then renamed the city "Ayodhya"Angkorin king, Suryavarman I, destroyed Lavo's Lavapura in 1002.Sri Lakshmi Pativarman
(ศรีลักษมีปติวรมัน)
r. 1006–1052?
(Appointed by Suryavarman I)		Suphannabhum[23] and Haripuñjaya[21]: 532  seized Lavo in 1052Ram Bandit
(รามบัณฑิตย์)[17]: 59–60 
r. 40 yrs		Internal political turmoil
Pagan dynastyUnknown originThamikaraj[21]: 191 
(อาทิตตะราช/อาทิตยธรรมิกราช)
King of Haripuñjaya		Ong In
(องค์อินทร์)[17]: 60 
r. 1128?–1163?
Anawrahta
King of Pagan
r.1044-1077		Agga Mahethi
(แก้วประพาฬ)[24]
1015-1080		Singhanavati dynasty[8]: 46–84 Patima Suda Duang Chan
(ปฏิมาสุดาดวงจันทร์)[25]		Chanthra Chot
(จันทรโชติ)[24]
r.1052-1069		1058 Pagan invasion of Lavo and lower Chao Phraya basin[25]
Saw Lu
King of Pagan
r. 1077-1084		Phangkharat [th]
King of Singhanavati
r. 915–?		1087 Pagan invasion of Lavo and lower Chao Phraya basin[25]Lavo's capital was shifted to AyodhayaNarai[25]
(นารายณ์)
r.1082–1087
(No heir)		Suphacharat
(สุพจราช)[17]: 17–19 
King of Si Satchanalai
Several generationsThukkhita [th]
King of Singhanavati		Phrom
Ruler of Wiang
Chai Prakan		Kaeo-supha
(แก้วสุภา)
Princess of Wiang Chai Narai		Si Thammatraipidok
ศรีธรรมไตรปิฏก[17]: 17–19 
King of Chiang Saen		Pathumathewi
(ปทุมเทวี)[17]: 17–19 
Katae
(กาแต)
r. 1163–1203		Fall of SinghanavatiChaiyasiri
Ruler of Wiang Chai
Prakan and Nacontai
r. 1089–1107		Chat Sakhon
(ชาติสาคร)[17]: 21 
Ruler of Chiang Rai[17]: 24 		1087–1089 Ayodhya's civil wars[26]
Chaisiri
(ชัยศิริ)[10]
Ruler of Phetchaburi
r. 1188–1214		Soi La/U Thong I[10]
(พระยาสร้อยหล้า/อู่ทอง)
r. 1203–1205		Sulathewi
(สุลเทวี)[17]: 23 
Princess of Si Satchanalai		Kraisornrat
(ไกรศรราช)[17]: 21 
r. 1106–1115?
Also King of Si Satchanalai		Luang[27]
(พระเจ้าหลวง)
r. 1089–1111
Si Thammasokkarat
(ศรีธรรมโศกราช)
r. 1115?–1181		Unknown
(Mon)		Sai Nam Phueng
(สายน้ำผึ้ง)[28]
r. 1111–1165		Phra Ratchathewi
(พระราชเทวี)[28]
Probably fled to Nakhon Si Thammarat due to the political pressure from the AngkorNo male heir[17]: 64 Thammikaracha
(ธรรมิกราชา)[29]
r. 1165–1205
Narupatinavarman
(Later Indravarman II)
r. 1181?–1218
(Appointed by Jayavarman VII)		Pprappanom
Tteleiseri[30]: 166–7 
(พนมทะเลศรี)
Ruler of Phetchaburi
r. 1214–?		Unknown[17]: 63–4 [15]
Princess of U Thong		Uthong II[25]
Ex-ruler of Thep Nakhon Chaisiri
Ex-king of Uthong
r. 1205–1253		Thong Lan Rat
(ท้องลันราช)[17]: 60–61 
Ruler of Sukhantha Khiri
(Phetchaburi)[30]: 167 
(สุคันธคีรี)
r. ?–1289
From Wiang Phang Kham[9]Ai (อ้าย)[25]
Ruler of Mueang Nakhon
(Ligor?)		Yi (ยี่)[25]
Ruler of Tanintharyi		Sam (สาม)[25]
Ruler of Phetchaburi
r. early 1300s
1st Tritrueng [th] King
King of Phraek Si Racha
(Name unidentified)		Revival of Ligor by PhetchaburiPattasutcharat
(พัตตาสุจราช)[17]: 65–66 
King of Si Satchanalai		Chaiyathat
(ชัยทัต)[25]		Unknown
Princess[25]		Chaisena (ชัยเสน)[25]
Ayodhya:
r. 1253–1289
Sukandhakiree:
r. 1289–?
Sadieng Thong
Princes of Tritrueng [th][11]		Phanomwang[11]
Ruler of Nakhon Si Thammarat
r. 1342–?		Boromma Tri Lok
(บรมไตรโลก)[17]: 65–66 		Thammatrilokathi
(ธรรมไตรโลกฒิ)[25]
King of Si Satchanalai		Suwannaracha
(สุวรรณราชา)[25]
r. 1289–1301		Potentially "Gan-mu-ding" in the Chinese record in 1295
2nd Tritrueng [th] King
Ex-king of Phraek Si Racha
r. 1283–1319[12]		Sontra
Ruler of Na Tranom		U Thong III
(พระเจ้าอู่ทอง)
r. ?–1335?		Thammaracha
(ธรรมราชา)[25]
r. 1301–1310		Kanlaya Thewi
(กัลยาเทวี)[25]
Kuman
Ruler of Tathong [th]		U Thong IV
(พระยาอู่ทอง)
r. 1335?–1351		Boromracha
(บรมราชา)[25]
r. 1310–1344		Sunantha Thewi
(สุนันทาเทวี)[25]
Son Sai
(สนไส้/จันทรเทวีศรีรัตนฉายา)[12]		Sri Maharacha[13]
Ex-ruler of Sa U Lao[14]
King of Nakhon Si Thammarat		Unknown[15]
Princess of U Thong		Ramathibodi I (Uthong V)
King of Ayodhya
(r. 1344–1351)
1st king of Ayutthaya
r. 1351–1369
Sukhothai dynastySri Thammasokaraj
dynasty of Nakhon
Si Thammarat		Ramesuan
2nd king of Ayutthaya
1st: r. 1369–1370
2nd: 1388–1395
Lavo dynasty
of Ayutthaya
Maha Thammaracha II
King of Sukhothai
r. 1368–1399		Daughter of Loe Thai
(Sukhothai Kingdom)		Pho Ngua[16]
3rd king of Ayutthaya
Ex-ruler of Suphannabhum
r. 1370–1388		Unknown
Princess
Phra Ruang dynasty of SukhothaiSuphannabhum
dynasty of Ayutthaya

Note

  1. ^ a b Founder of Sukhothai. However, another source, Legend of Kalawandith, says Sukhothai was founded in 500 by Phraya Pali Rat (พระยาพาลีราช).[3]: 29 
  2. ^ Probably Nacontai (นครไทย) in the Simon de la Loubère's record, Du royaume de Siam.[2][5]
  3. ^ a b Present-day Phitsanulok
  4. ^ a b c Possibly Phetchaburi[1]: 38 
  5. ^ During the reign of Uthong, Phetchaburi faced the spread of plague,[1]: 48–49  Uthong and the people evacuated to establish a new settlement in the present-Ayutthaya island, which continues to the formation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.[1]: 52–58 
  6. ^ Calculated from the text given in the chronicle: "สิ้น 97 ปีสวรรคต ศักราชได้ 336 ปี พระยาโคดมได้ครองราชสมบัติอยู่ ณ วัดเดิม 30 ปี"[17]: 30  which is transcribed as "...at the age of 97, he passed away in the year 336 of the Chula Sakarat. Phraya Kodom reigned in the Mueang Wat Derm for 30 years...".

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Phraya Pariyattithamthada (1968). Ayutthaya Testimonies (PDF) (in Thai). Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Srisak Vallipodom (19 July 2021). "กำเนิดสุโขทัย รัฐแรกเริ่มของชนชาติไทยในสยามประเทศ" [The origin of Sukhothai, the first state of the Thai people in Siam Pradesh]. muangboranjournal.com (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  3. ^ "ประชุมพงศาวดาร เล่ม 1" (PDF). Suksapanpanit [th] (in Thai). 1963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  4. ^ a b "กำแพงเพชร : สมัยสุโขทัย" [Kamphaeng Phet: Sukhothai]. Kamphaengphet Rajabhat University [th] (in Thai). 24 February 2020.
  5. ^ Kesabua Ubonsawan (2023). "นครไทย-บางยาง กับปริศนาที่ยังคงคลุมเครือ" [Nakhon Thai-Bang Yang and the mystery that remains unclear]. suvarnabhumi.psu.ac.th (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  6. ^ a b มูลนิธิสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา (2011). นามานุกรมพระมหากษัตริย์ไทย (PDF). กรุงเทพฯ: มูลนิธิสมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  7. ^ "ประวัติพระพุทธชินราช" [History of Phra Buddha Chinnarat]. aurora.co.th (in Thai). Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  8. ^ a b Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1953). Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times (in Thai). S. Thammasamakkhi. p. 30. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  9. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 48,84,85.
  10. ^ a b c d Thepthani 1953, p. 46-48.
  11. ^ a b c d Thepthani 1953, p. 48.
  12. ^ a b c d Thepthani 1953, p. 49.
  13. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 50.
  14. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 53.
  15. ^ a b c Thepthani 1953, p. 52.
  16. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 55.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Northern Chronicle
  18. ^ a b "ใคร?เจ้าชายรามราช" [Who? Prince Ramaraj]. Thai Rath (in Thai). 19 September 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  19. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 31, 67.
  20. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 67.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g "Yonok Chronicle" (PDF) (in Thai). 1936. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  22. ^ เพ็ญสุภา สุขคตะ (12 September 2019). "ปริศนาโบราณคดี : 'สงครามสามนคร' (จบ) : การปรากฏนามของพระเจ้ากัมโพชแห่งกรุงละโว้?" (in Thai). Matichon. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  23. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 42.
  24. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 78.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q สุจิตต์ วงษ์เทศ (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์". www.silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  26. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 101.
  27. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 102.
  28. ^ a b Thepthani 1953, p. 103–4.
  29. ^ Thepthani 1953, p. 105.
  30. ^ a b Thepthani, Phra Borihan (1952). "Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times" (in Thai). Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
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