1900 United States House of Representatives elections
House elections for the 57th U.S. Congress
1900 United States House of Representatives elections
Results Democratic gain Republican gain Populist gain Democratic hold Republican hold
Populist hold Silver Republican hold
The 1900 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1900, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the re-election of President William McKinley . Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives , representing 45 states, to serve in the 57th United States Congress . Special elections were also held throughout the year.
McKinley's Republican Party gained thirteen seats from the Democratic Party and minor parties, cementing their majority. A reassertion of Republican control in the Mid-Atlantic was key in the gain of new seats. However, with an improved economy, especially in the industrial sector, the election cycle featured no keystone issue, resulting in a general support for the status quo. The fading Populist Party held on to five House seats, while the sole member of the Silver Party changed parties to Democratic. This was the last time a third party headed into house elections with a party leader. All subsequent third parties to serve in the House would not select a party leader.
Election summaries
↓
151
6
200
Democrat
[b]
Republican
Popular vote
Republican
50.65%
Democratic
44.45%
Populist
2.35%
Silver Republican
0.40%
Independent
0.33%
Others
1.82%
House seats
Republican
56.02%
Democratic
42.30%
Populist
1.40%
Silver Republican
0.28%
The previous election of 1898 saw the election of 6 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.
House seats by party holding plurality in state 80+% Democratic
80+% Populist
80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic
60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Populist
Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation 6+ Democratic gain
6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain
3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain
1-2 Populist gain
1-2 Republican gain
no net change
Election dates
All the states held their elections November 6, 1900, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
Special elections
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Maryland 1
John Walter Smith
Democratic
1898
Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900 .Republican gain .
Pennsylvania 5
Alfred C. Harmer
Republican
1876
Incumbent died March 6, 1900. New member elected Republican hold.
Alabama 8
Joseph Wheeler
Democratic
1884
Incumbent resigned April 20, 1900. New member elected Democratic hold.
Delaware at-large
John H. Hoffecker
Republican
1898
Incumbent died June 16, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900 . Republican hold.
▌ Y Walter O. Hoffecker (Republican) 53.50%
▌ Edward Fowler (Democratic) 45.43%
▌ Lewis M. Price (Prohibition) 0.94%
▌ John P. Mettler (Social Democratic) 0.13%[5]
New Jersey 7
William Davis Daly
Democratic
1898
Incumbent died July 31, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900 . Democratic hold.
California 2
Marion De Vries
Democratic
1896
Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900 .Republican gain .
Utah at-large
William H. King
Democratic
1896
Incumbent's term expired March 3, 1899. Representative-elect B. H. Roberts was refused his seat in Congress. Incumbent re-elected to serve the unexpired term on April 2, 1900 . Democratic hold.
Virginia 4
Sydney P. Epes
Democratic
1896
Incumbent died March 3, 1900. New member elected April 28, 1900 . Democratic hold.
J. William Stokes (Democratic) of South Carolina's 7th congressional district died in office on July 6, 1901, and was replaced in a special election by Asbury F. Lever (Democratic)
Alabama
Arkansas
California
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
California 1
John All Barham
Republican
1894
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.
▌ Y Frank Coombs (Republican) 55.3%
▌ James F. Farraher (Democratic) 42.4%
▌ William Morgan (Socialist) 1.6%
▌ Charles T. Clark (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 2
Marion De Vries
Democratic
1896
Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900, to accept a judicial position. New member elected.Republican gain .
▌ Y Samuel D. Woods [h] (Republican) 50.4%
▌ J. D. Sproul (Democratic) 47.9%
▌ W. F. Lockwood (Socialist) 0.9%
▌ W. H. Barron (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 3
Victor H. Metcalf
Republican
1898
Incumbent re-elected.
▌ Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 58.3%
▌ Frank Freeman (Democratic) 38%
▌ R. A. Dague (Socialist) 2.6%
▌ Alvin W. Holt (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4
Julius Kahn
Republican
1898
Incumbent re-elected.
▌ Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 55.7%
▌ R. Porter Ashe (Democratic) 38.2%
▌ Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6%
▌ G. B. Benham (Socialist) 2.2%
▌ Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.3%
California 5
Eugene F. Loud
Republican
1890
Incumbent re-elected.
▌ Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 55.7%
▌ J. H. Henry (Democratic) 41.3%
▌ C. H. King Sr. (Socialist) 2.2%
▌ Fred E. Caton (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 6
Russell J. Waters
Republican
1898
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold
▌ Y James McLachlan (Republican) 52.4%
▌ W. D. Crichton (Democratic) 42.4%
▌ Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 3.1%
▌ A. H. Hensley (Prohibition) 2.1%
California 7
James C. Needham
Republican
1898
Incumbent re-elected.
▌ Y James C. Needham (Republican) 51.8%
▌ William Graves (Democratic) 37.9%
▌ H. G. Wilshire (Socialist) 7%
▌ James Campbell (Prohibition) 3.2%
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Delaware at-large
VacantJohn H. Hoffecker (R) died June 16, 1900.
New member elected. Republican hold.
▌ Y L. Heisler Ball (Republican) 53.08%
▌ Alexander M. Daly (Democratic) 45.49%
▌ Lewis M. Brosius (Prohibition) 1.30%
▌ Nathan Shtofman (Social Democratic) 0.13%[9]
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Idaho at-large
Edgar Wilson
Silver Republican
1898
Incumbent retired. New member elected.Populist gain.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Montana at-large
Albert J. Campbell
Democratic
1898
Incumbent retired. New member elected.Populist gain.
▌ Y Caldwell Edwards (Populist) 45.82%
▌ Samuel G. Murray (Republican) 37.80%
▌ Cornelius F. Kelley (Ind. Democratic) 15.38%
▌ Martin J. Elliott (Social Democratic) 1.00%[18]
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
North Dakota at-large
Burleigh F. Spalding
Republican
1898
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.
▌ Y Thomas F. Marshall (Republican) 61.01%
▌ M. A. Hildreth (Democratic) 37.03%
▌ Charles H. Mott (Prohibition) 1.02%
▌ J. C. Charest (Social Democratic) 0.72%
▌ Martin S. Blair (Populist) 0.21%[25]
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Vermont 1
Vermont 2
Virginia
Washington
District
Incumbent
This race
Member
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Washington at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket )
Wesley Livsey Jones
Republican
1898
Incumbent re-elected.
▌ Guy Posson (Prohibition) 1.06%
▌ J. A. Adams (Prohibition) 0.98%
▌ William Hogan (Social Democratic) 0.93%
▌ Hermon F. Titus (Social Democratic) 0.91%
▌ Walter Walker (Socialist Labor) 0.44%
▌ Christan F. Larsen (Socialist Labor) 0.42%
Francis W. Cushman
Republican
1898
Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1900.[44] [45]
Wyoming
Non-voting delegates
Arizona Territory
Hawaii Territory
District
Incumbent
This race
Delegate
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Hawaii Territory at-large
None (New seat)
New seat. New member elected.Home Rule gain .
New Mexico Territory
Oklahoma Territory
Puerto Rico
District
Incumbent
This race
Delegate
Party
First elected
Results
Candidates
Puerto Rico at-large
None (New seat)
New seat.Republican gain .
See also
Notes
References
^ a b c "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present" . Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015 .
^ a b c d Martis, pp. 154–155.
^ See Dubin, p. 333 and 337–338.
^ "MD District 1 Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . December 11, 2003.
^ "DE District At Large - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . January 13, 2006.
^ "CA District 2 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . July 24, 2015.
^ "CO District 1 Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . January 1, 2007.
^ "CO District 2 Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . January 1, 2007.
^ "DE District At Large Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . January 13, 2006.
^ "ID At Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 4, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 05" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 06" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MS - District 07" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 16, 2021 .
^ "MT At-Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 5, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 6, 1900" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 1, 2021 .
^ "ND At Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 6, 2021 .
^ "OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1900" . Our Campaigns . June 11, 2008.
^ "OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1900" . Our Campaigns . June 12, 2008.
^ "SD At Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 9, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 05" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 06" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 07" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 08" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 09" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "TN - District 10" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved March 1, 2021 .
^ "UT Initial District Race - May 01, 1900" . Our Campaigns . June 30, 2007.
^ "WV District 01" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 21, 2021 .
^ "WV District 02" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 21, 2021 .
^ "WV District 03" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 21, 2021 .
^ "WV District 04" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 21, 2021 .
^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF) . Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine .
^ Froehlich, William H., ed. (1901). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1901 (Report). Madison, Wisconsin : State of Wisconsin. pp. 722–725. Retrieved June 8, 2024 .
^ "WY At-Large" . Our Campaigns . Retrieved April 12, 2021 .
^ "AZ Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . May 16, 2019.
^ "HI Delegate At-Large Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . June 9, 2004.
^ "NM Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . February 4, 2006.
^ "OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . October 6, 2009.
^ "PR Resident Commissioner Race - Nov 06, 1900" . Our Campaigns . November 28, 2006.
Bibliography
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses . McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830 .
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 . Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701 .
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967 .
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present" . Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015 .
Secretary of State (1901). Maryland Manual 1900 . Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved June 23, 2020 .
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