Studije o timozinima započele su 1965. godine, kada je grupa A. Whitea tražila timusne faktore odgovorne za fiziološke funkcije timusa. Za obnavljanje funkcije timusa kod životinja bez timusa ili imunodeficijencije, kao i kod ljudi sa primarnim bolestima sa nedostatkom imunosti i kod imunosupresivnih pacijenata, pripremljen je standardizirani ekstrakt iz timusne žlijezde goveda pod nazivom timozinska frakcija 5. Frakcija timozina 5 zaista je poboljšala imunski odgovor. Ispostavilo se da se frakcija timozina 5 sastoji od mješavine malih polipeptida. Kasnije je nekoliko ovih peptida (polipeptid beta 1, timozin alfa 1, protimozin alfa, paratimosin i timozin beta 4) izolirano i testirano na njihovu biološku aktivnost. Istraživanja mnogih grupa pokazala su da nijedan od izoliranih peptida nije zaista timusni hormon; ipak, oni su biološki važni peptidi s različitim unutarćelijskim i vanćelijskim funkcijama. Studije o ovim funkcijama su još u toku.[7]
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Hannappel E, Huff T (2003). "The thymosins. Prothymosin alpha, parathymosin, and beta-thymosins: structure and function". Vitam. Horm. 66: 257–96. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(03)01007-0. PMID12852257.
Panneerselvam C, Caldarella J, Horecker BL (1988). "A radioimmunoassay for parathymosin". J. Immunol. Methods. 104 (1–2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(87)90496-0. PMID2445824.
Clinton M, Frangou-Lazaridis M, Panneerselvam C, Horecker BL (1989). "The sequence of human parathymosin deduced from a cloned human kidney cDNA". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158 (3): 855–62. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92801-5. PMID2537638.
Szabo P, Clinton M, Macera M, Horecker BL (1989). "Localization of the gene coding for parathymosin to chromosome 17 in humans". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 50 (2–3): 91–2. doi:10.1159/000132730. PMID2776490.
Kondili K, Tsolas O, Papamarcaki T (1997). "Selective interaction between parathymosin and histone H1". Eur. J. Biochem. 242 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0067r.x. PMID8954154.
Okamoto K, Isohashi F (2000). "Purification and primary structure of a macromolecular-translocation inhibitor II of glucocorticoid-receptor binding to nuclei from rat liver. Inhibitor II is the 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein (parathymosin)". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (1): 155–62. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.00987.x. PMID10601862.
Vareli K, Frangou-Lazaridis M, van der Kraan I, et al. (2000). "Nuclear distribution of prothymosin alpha and parathymosin: evidence that prothymosin alpha is associated with RNA synthesis processing and parathymosin with early DNA replication". Exp. Cell Res. 257 (1): 152–61. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4857. PMID10854063.
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