Ovaj gen kodira izlučeni protein koji se uglavnom eksprimira u endotelnim ćelijama u ljudskim plućnim i bubrežnim tkivima. Ekspresiju ovog gena reguliraju citokini, što sugerira da on može imati ulogu u patološkim poremećajima ovisnim o endotelu. Transkript sadrži više signala nestabilnosti poliadenilacije i iRNK.[6]
Genski proizvod ESM-1 također se naziva endokan, od 2001. godine, kada su ga Bechard et al. okarakterizirali kao dermatan-sulfatproteoglikan. Nedavno su nezavisni timovi opisali endokan/ESM-1 kao specifični biomarker vršnih ćelija tokom neoangiogeneze. Pokazalo se da je ekspresija endokana povećana u prisutnosti proangiogenih faktora rasta, kao što je faktor rasta vaskularnog endotela (VEGF) ili faktor rasta fibroblasta 2 (FGF-2). Kod hipervaskulariziranih karcinoma, imunohistohemijski otkrivena je prekomjerna ekspresija endokana, upotrebom monoklonskih antitijela protiv endokana/ESM-1.
Bechard D, Meignin V, Scherpereel A, et al. (2000). "Characterization of the secreted form of endothelial-cell-specific molecule 1 by specific monoclonal antibodies". J. Vasc. Res. 37 (5): 417–25. doi:10.1159/000025758. PMID11025405. S2CID22931177.
Aitkenhead M, Wang SJ, Nakatsu MN, et al. (2002). "Identification of endothelial cell genes expressed in an in vitro model of angiogenesis: induction of ESM-1, (beta)ig-h3, and NrCAM". Microvascular Research. 63 (2): 159–71. doi:10.1006/mvre.2001.2380. PMID11866539.
Tsai JC, Zhang J, Minami T, et al. (2002). "Cloning and characterization of the human lung endothelial-cell-specific molecule-1 promoter". J. Vasc. Res. 39 (2): 148–59. doi:10.1159/000057763. PMID12011586. S2CID40049627.
Cong R, Jiang X, Wilson CM, et al. (2006). "Hhex is a direct repressor of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 346 (2): 535–45. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.153. PMID16764824.
Rennel E, Mellberg S, Dimberg A, et al. (2007). "Endocan is a VEGF-A and PI3K regulated gene with increased expression in human renal cancer". Exp. Cell Res. 313 (7): 1285–94. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.01.021. PMID17362927.
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