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COMMD4
Identifikatori
Aliasi	COMMD4
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 616701 MGI: 1913449 HomoloGene: 9865 GeneCards: COMMD4
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 15 (čovjek)
Kraj	75,343,224 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 9 (miš)
Kraj	57,065,615 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	; ; ; ;
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine;
Ćelijska komponenta	• citoplazma; • jedro;
Biološki proces	• transcription, DNA-templated; • GO:0009373 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	54939
	66199
	ENSG00000140365
	ENSMUSG00000032299
	Q9H0A8
	Q9CQ02
NM_001284377; NM_001284378; NM_001284379; NM_017828; NM_001321844;
	NM_001321845; NM_001321846; NM_001321847; NM_001321848
	NM_025417
NP_001271306; NP_001271307; NP_001271308; NP_001308773; NP_001308774;
	NP_001308775; NP_001308776; NP_001308777; NP_060298
	NP_079693
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

COMM protein 4 sa domenom jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom COMMD4.^[5]^[6]

Hartz (2015) mapirala je gen COMMD4 u hromosomskoj poziciji 15q24.2, na osnovu poravnanja sekvence COMMD4 (GenBank AK000459) sa genomskom sekvencom (GRCh38).^[7]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 199 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 21.764 Da.^[8].

10	20	30	40	50
MRFRFCGDLD	CPDWVLAEIS	TLAKMSSVKL	RLLCSQVLKE	LLGQGIDYEK
ILKLTADAKF	ESGDVKATVA	VLSFILSSAA	KHSVDGESLS	SELQQLGLPK
EHAASLCRCY	EEKQSPLQKH	LRVCSLRMNR	LAGVGWRVDY	TLSSSLLQSV
EEPMVHLRLE	VAAAPGTPAQ	PVAMSLSADK	FQVLLAELKQ	AQTLMSSLG

Simboli

C: Cistein
D: Asparaginska kiselina
E: Glutaminska kiselina
F: Fenilalanin
G: Glicin
H: Histidin
I: Izoleucin
K: Lizin
L: Leucin
M: Metionin
N: Asparagin
P: Prolin
Q: Glutamin
R: Arginin
S: Serin
T: Treonin
V: Valin
W: Triptofan
Y: Tirozin

Kloniranje i ekspresija

Masenom spektrometrijskom analizom proteina koji su povezani sa MURR1 (COMMD1) u liziranim ćelijaama HEK293, nakon čega slijede analiza baze podataka i PCR amplifikacija, Burstein et al. (2005) klonirali su COMMD4. Izvedeni protein ima domen metabolizma bakra MURR1 (COMM) koji je bogat leucinom i za koji je predviđeno da stvara beta-listove. Analiza baze podataka otkrila je ekspresiju COMMD4 u svih 13 ispitanih ljudskih tkiva, s najvećom ekspresijom u sjemenicim, plućima i timusu, a najmanjom u jajnicima, koži i pankreasu.

Funkcija gena

Analizom koimunoprecipitacije, Burstein et al. (2005) otkrili su da je COMMD4 komunicirao s endogenim COMMD1 iz ćelija HEK293. COMMD4 je snažno inhibirao TNF, posredovanu aktivaciju NF-kappa-B. Analize proteina pokazale su da je COMMD4 povezan sa NF-kappa-B podjedinicama RELA, RELB i p105 (NFKB1), ali ne i sa p100 (NFKB2) ili CREL (REL ). Nokdaun endogenog COMMD4 putem interferencijske RNK povisio je TNF-zavisnu aktivaciju gena CIAP2 (BIRC3), koji reaguje na NF-kappa-B. Mao et al. (2011) otkrili su da je COMMD4 stupio u interakciju s nizom specifičnih kulina označenih epitopom, komponentama multimernih kompleksa ubikvitin-ligaze poznatih kao kulin RING-ligaze (CRL). COMMD4 koji je taložen iz ljudskih ćelijskih linija podržavao je poliubikvitinaciju in vitro, vjerovatno zbog svoje interakcije s CRL.^[9]^[10]

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140365 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032299 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Burstein E, Hoberg JE, Wilkinson AS, Rumble JM, Csomos RA, Komarck CM, Maine GN, Wilkinson JC, Mayo MW, Duckett CS (Jun 2005). "COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1". J Biol Chem. 280 (23): 22222–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501928200. PMID 15799966.
^ "Entrez Gene: COMMD4 COMM domain containing 4".
^ Hartz, P. A. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 12/17/2015.
^ "UniProt, Q9H0A8". Pristupljeno 13. 7. 2021.
^ Burstein, E., Hoberg, J. E., Wilkinson, A. S., Rumble, J. M., Csomos, R. A., Komarck, C. M., Maine, G. N., Wilkinson, J. C., Mayo, M. W., Duckett, C. S. COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 22222-22232, 2005. PubMed: 15799966
^ Mao, X., Gluck, N., Chen, B., Starokadomskyy, P., Li, H., Maine, G. N., Burstein, E. COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1) regulates cullin RING ligases by preventing CAND1 (cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein 1) binding. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 32355-32365, 2011. PubMed: 21778237

Vanjski linkovi

Lokacija ljudskog genoma COMMD4 i stranica sa detaljima o genu COMMD4 u UCSC Genome Browseru.

Dopunska literatura

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, et al. (2001). "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Rep. 1 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614.
Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140365 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032299 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15799966-5] Burstein E, Hoberg JE, Wilkinson AS, Rumble JM, Csomos RA, Komarck CM, Maine GN, Wilkinson JC, Mayo MW, Duckett CS (Jun 2005). "COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1". J Biol Chem. 280 (23): 22222–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501928200. PMID 15799966.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: COMMD4 COMM domain containing 4".

[7] Hartz, P. A. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 12/17/2015.

[UniProt-8] "UniProt, Q9H0A8". Pristupljeno 13. 7. 2021.

[9] Burstein, E., Hoberg, J. E., Wilkinson, A. S., Rumble, J. M., Csomos, R. A., Komarck, C. M., Maine, G. N., Wilkinson, J. C., Mayo, M. W., Duckett, C. S. COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 22222-22232, 2005. PubMed: 15799966

[10] Mao, X., Gluck, N., Chen, B., Starokadomskyy, P., Li, H., Maine, G. N., Burstein, E. COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1) regulates cullin RING ligases by preventing CAND1 (cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein 1) binding. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 32355-32365, 2011. PubMed: 21778237

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COMMD4