19世紀,美國為其亞洲進出與捕鯨事業,需要確保在遠東的停靠港口。1837年,美國商人金‧查爾斯(Charles King )的摩利森號(Morrison)在試圖駛進江戶時遭日本砲擊,是為摩利森號事件;金‧查爾斯於事後發表《基督教世界對日本及馬來西亞的主張》(The Claims of Japan and Malaysia upon Christendom, 1939),主張美國控制日本。[1]
Hawks, Francis. (1856). Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson by order of Congress, 1856; originally published in Senate Executive Documents, No. 34 of 33rd Congress, 2nd Session. [reprinted by London: Trafalgar Square, 2005. ISBN 1-8458-8026-9 (paper)]
Sewall, John S. (1905). The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas, Bangor, Maine: Chas H. Glass & Co. [reprint by Chicago: R.R. Donnelly & Sons, 1995] ISBN 0-5482-0912-X
注解
^蔡政修. 紐約到江戶:美國的捕鯨事業如何敲開日本的國門?. 現代日本的形成: 空間與時間穿越的旅程. 2018. ISBN 9789578630574.