水的密度也和其中氫原子和氧原子的同位素比例有關。現代對水的研究會以维也纳标准平均海水(英语:Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water)的量測為準,维也纳标准平均海水是從海水蒸餾而得的純水,其中同位素的比例可以反應在世界各海洋的水中,各同位素比例的平均。水在一大氣壓力(760托)下的最大密度出現在溫度攝氏3.984度時,數值為6999999975000000000♠0.999975 ±6994100000000000000♠0.000001 kg/L[6]
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