The early secularization of Chinese society, which must be recognized as a sign of modernity [...] has ironically left China for centuries without a powerful and stable source of morality and law. All this simply means that the pursuit of wealth or power or simply the competition for survival can be and often has been ruthless without any sense of restraint. [...] Along with the early secularization of Chinese society which was equally early, the concomitant demise of feudalism and hereditary aristocracy, another remarkable development, transformed China earlier than any other country into a unitary system politically, with one single power centre. It also rendered Chinese society much more egalitarian than Western Europe and Japan.
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^Casanova, Jose (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World. University of Chicago Press, pg. 13. ISBN0-226-09535-5
^Gould, Andrew in: Origins of Liberal Dominance: State, Church, and Party in Nineteenth-century Europe, University of Michigan Press, 1999, p. 82, ISBN978-0-472-11015-5
^Jeffrey Cox, "Secularization and other master narratives of religion in modern Europe." Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte (2001): 24-35.
^Martin, David (2005). On Secularization: Toward a Revised General Theory. Ashgate Publishing Company, p. 20. ("Parsons saw differentiation as the separating out of each social sphere from ecclesiastical control: the state, science, and the market, but also law, welfare, and education etc.")
^Casanova, Jose (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World. University of Chicago Press, p. 19. ISBN0-226-09535-5 ("Only in the 1980s, after the sudden eruption of religion into the public sphere, did it become obvious that differentiation and the loss of societal functions do not necessarily entail 'privatization.'")
^Dromi, Shai M.; Stabler, Samuel D. Good on paper: sociological critique, pragmatism, and secularization theory. Theory & Society. 2019,. Online First (2): 325–350. doi:10.1007/s11186-019-09341-9.
^Callum G. Brown, The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation, 1800-2000 (2009) pp 170-92.
^Jeremy Morris, "Secularization and religious experience: arguments in the historiography of modern British religion." Historical Journal 55#1 (2012): 195-219.
^Steve Bruce, "Patronage and secularization: social obligation and church support Patronage and secularization: social obligation and church support," British Journal of Sociology (2012) 63#3 pp 533-552.
^Berger, Peter. Is Confucianism a Religion?. The American Interest. The American Interest LLC. 2012-02-15 [2016-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-17). There can be no doubt that Confucianism has been a powerful cultural influence throughout East Asia, providing social and political values not only in China, but in Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. [...] [T]here has been the view of Confucianism as nothing but a secular, perhaps even a secularizing morality.
^See for example: Marsh, Christopher. Introduction: From Forced Secularization to Desecularization. Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival. A&C Black. 2011: 10 [2016-03-03]. ISBN 9781441112477. [...] forced secularization is not so easily achieved, and [...] the lengths to which the Soviet and PRC regimes went was insufficient to completely - or even thoroughly - expunge religion from society. [...] [T]hese regimes were willing to go to great lengths to eliminate religion in the name of science and progress, and the outcome at every stage was uncertain.
^ 43.043.143.243.3The new Arab Cosmopolitans.. The Economist. 4 Nov 2017.