Quark
En fisica nucleara, los quarks que son de fermions qui (amassa dab los leptons) e constitueishen los atòms.
Mei precisament, los quarks qu'entran dehens la composicion deus neutrons, deus protons e d'autres hadrons. Los neutrons e protons constitueishen lo nuclèu de l'atòm.
La carga electrica deus quarks es +2/3 o -1/3. Lor espin es ½ћ.
Classificacion
Las seis classas de quarks (e los seis d'antiquarks) son devesidas en tres generacions:
- la primièra generacion, formada pels quarks naut (u, de l'anglès "up") e baish (d, de l'anglès "down").
| Nom | Carga | Massa (MeV) |
|---|---|---|
| Naut / Up (u) | +2/3 | 1,5 to 4,5 1 |
| Baish / Down(d) | -1/3 | 5 to 8,5 1 |
Las estimacions de las massas deus quarks u e d, son objèctes de controvèrsia.
- la segonda generacion, formada per los quarks encantats (c de l'anglès "charm", o "centre") e estranh (s de l'anglès "strange", o "sideways").
| Nom | Carga | Massa (MeV) |
|---|---|---|
| Encantat / Centra Charm / Centre (c) |
+2/3 | 1000 a 1400 |
| Estranh / /Strange / Sideways (s) |
-1/3 | 80 to 155 |
- la tresau generacion, formada de quarks som o vertat (t de "top", o "truth") e hons o beutat (b de "bottom", o "beauty").
| Nom | Carga | Massa (MeV) |
|---|---|---|
| Som / Vertat Top / Truth (t) |
+2/3 | 174 300 ± 5100 |
| Hons / Beutat Bottom / Beauty (b) |
-1/3 | 4000 a 4500 |
Los antiquarks (quarks d'antimatièra) son de carga electrica opausada (-2/3 e +1/3).
Combinasons
de tres quarks (barions)
Lo proton es format de dos quarks u e un quark d : u (+2/3) + u (+2/3) + d (-1/3) = proton de carga electrica 1.
Lo neutron es format de dos quarks d e un quark u : u (+2/3) + d (-1/3) + d (-1/3) = neutron de carga electrica 0.
de dus quarks (mesons)
e de cinc
Nòtas
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