Portulan
Un portulan (var. portolan[1]) es una carta maritima utilizada en Euròpa e en Mediterranèa per la navegacion lòng dei litoraus entre lei sègles XIII e XVIII. Permetiá de representar lei pòrts, leis elements visuaus importants e lei perilhs per lei naviris (escuelhs, corrents, etc.). A respècte dei cartas actualas, an la particularitat d'èsser dessenhat sensa usatge d'un sistèma de coordenadas. En plaça, seis autors utilizavan un sistèma complèx de linhas de rhumbs per localizar lei ponchs e determinar lei camins de seguir.
Existiá dos tipes de portulans. Lo premier, sovent grossier, èra dirèctament utilizat per lei marins. Lo segond, ornat de detalhs e dessenhs ben realizats, èra una òbra d'art destinada ai corts reialas e ais elèits. Mòstra l'interès creissent per la cartografia e, pus generalament, per la geografia dei poders estataus dau periòde e lor volontat de mestrejar lor territòri d'un biais pus eficaç.
Liames intèrnes
Bibliografia
- (fr) Catherine Hofmann, Hélène Richard e Emmanuelle Vagnon, L'Âge d'or des cartes marines. Quand l'Europe découvrait le monde, Bibliothèque nationale de France / Seuil, 2012.
- (fr) Monique de la Roncière e Michel Mollat du Jourdin, Les Portulans, cartes marines du XIIIe au XVIIe siècle, Nathan, 1984.
- (fr) Chris Schüller, La mer et les étoiles, la cartographie maritime et céleste de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Place des Victoires, 2012.
Nòtas e referéncias
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