Li (unit)

Li (Cina: 里, lǐ, atau 市里, shìlǐ ) adalah unit jarak tradisional Cina. Ia mula dikembangkan Maharaja Kuning sekitar 2600 SM sebelum ditetapkan Maharaja Yu dari Dinasti Xia enam kurun kemudin.

Ukuran ini pada asalnya merujuk kepada jarak lebar sesebuah kampung, sepertimana yang diwakili aksaranya (menggabungkan 田 tián "sawah" dan 土, tǔ "tanah" - yakni "tanah sawah"); namun ia lama kelamaan berubah mempunyai ukuran tersendiri kira-kira sepertiga batu Inggeris yang boleh dibahagikan kepada 1,500 chi.

Unit li moden sekarang mempunyai panjang standard setengah kilometer (500 meter atau 1,640 kaki); malah nama kilometer dalam bahasa Mandarin (公里, gongli, "li umum") disadur berdasarkan pemodenan ukuran ini semasa zaman Chiang Kai-shek.

Perkembangan nilai li sepanjang sejarah tamadun Cina[perlu rujukan]
Zaman Tempoh Panjang mengikut ukuran SI
Dinasti Xia 2100–1600 SM 405 m
Zhou Barat 1045–771 SM 358 m
Zhou Timur 770-250 SM 416 m
Dinasti Qin 221–206 SM 415.8 m
Dinasti Han 205 SM - 220 CE 415.8 m
Dinasti Tang 618–907 Masihi 323 m
Dinasti Qing 1644–1911 Masihi 537-645 m
Pemerintahan Kuomintang di China dan kemudiannya Taiwan 1911–1984 500–545 m
Pemerintahan Komunis di Tanah Besar 1984 – sekarang 500 m

Rujukan

  • Homer H. Dubs (1938): The History of the Former Han Dynasty by Pan Ku. Vol. One. Translator and editor: Homer H. Dubs. Baltimore. Waverly Press, Inc.
  • Homer H. Dubs (1955): The History of the Former Han Dynasty by Pan Ku. Vol. Three. Translator and editor: Homer H. Dubs. Ithaca, New York. Spoken Languages Services, Inc.
  • Hulsewé, A. F. P. (1961). "Han measures". A. F. P. Hulsewé, T'oung pao Archives, Vol. XLIX, Livre 3, pp. 206–207.
  • Needham, Joseph. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.

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