Hadiah
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Hadiah (pinjaman Arab: هدية, rumi: hadiyya) ialah barang yang diberi kepada seseorang tanpa jangkaan pembayaran atau apa-apa sebagai balasan. Barang bukanlah hadiah jika barang itu sudah dimiliki oleh orang yang diberikan. Walaupun pemberjan hadiah mungkin melibatkan jangkaan timbal balik, hadiah sepatutnya percuma. Dalam banyak negara, tindakan saling menukar duit, barang, dan lain-lain boleh dapat mengekalian hubungan sosial dan menyumbang kepada perpaduan sosial. Ahli ekonomi telah menghuraikan lanjut ekonomi memberi hadiah ke dalam tanggapan ekonomi hadiah. Lanjutnya, istilah hadiah boleh merujuk apa-apa barang atau tindakan berkhidmat yang membuatkan orang lain gembira atau kurang sedih, terutamnya sebagai pertolongan, termasuk kemaafan dan kebaikan. Hadiah juga pertama sekali diberi pada peristiwa seperti hari lahir dan cuti perayaan.
Lihat juga
Rujukan
Bacaan lanjut
- Marcel Mauss and W.D. Halls, Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, W. W. Norton, 2000, trade paperback, ISBN 0-393-32043-X
- Lewis Hyde: The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property, 1983 (ISBN 0-394-71519-5), especially part I, "A Theory of Gifts", part of which was originally published as "The Gift Must Always Move" in Co-Evolution Quarterly No. 35, Fall 1982.
- Jean-Luc Marion translated by Jeffrey L. Kosky, "Being Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Giveness", Stanford University Press, 2002 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-8047-3410-0.
- Suzie Gibson: "Give and take: the anxiety of gift giving at Christmas," The Conversation, 16 December 2014.
- (dalam bahasa Perancis) Alain Testart, Critique du don : Études sur la circulation non marchande, Paris, Collection Matériologique, éd. Syllepse, 268 p., 2007
- Review of the "World of the Gift"
- Antón, C., Camarero, C. and Gil, F. (2014), The culture of gift giving: What do consumers expect from commercial and personal contexts? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13: 31–41. doi: 10.1002/cb.1452
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