The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president in the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment conviction, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.
The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.
Requirements
The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.
Election and tenure
The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on January 1 of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.
Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.
Workplace and official residence
The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.
^President Fernando Collor de Mello was impeached by the Chamber of Deputies, but resigned before being convicted in the Senate, resulting in Itamar Franco becoming President while the trial of Collor continued (eventually resulting in a conviction and his disqualification from public office for eight years).
^ abcAssumed the presidency following the resignation of the president.
^Acting president from November 10, 1896 to March 3, 1897. President Prudente de Morais was absent from his office due to health issues.
^Vice president-elect Silviano Brandão died before taking office, thus making the position vacant.
^ abAssumed the presidency following the death of the president.
^Became interim president, as vice president, between November 15, 1918 and January 16, 1919. When president-elect Rodrigues Alves died, he continued as interim president until July 28, 1919. The Constitution of the time stipulated that the vice president would only assume the presidency definitively if the term of the president was interrupted two years after his inauguration, that is, halfway through his term.
^Replaced vice president-elect Urbano Santos, who had died before taking office.[3][4]
^Estácio Coimbra was a member of the Barreiros Republican Party, a branch of the Federal Republican Party (PRF) founded in 1894 in Pernambuco.[5] After the dissolution of the PRF in 1897,[6] no record exists of Coimbra joining another political party.
^The office of vice president was abolished by the 1934 Constitution, but restored by the 1946 Constitution, promulgated on September 18 of that year. The indirect election and inauguration of the new vice president took place the following day.
^Until the dissolution of the party on October 27, 1965.
^After Costa e Silva was removed from office for health issues, Pedro Aleixo was prevented from assuming the presidency by the military junta of 1969. Officially, his office was revoked on October 14 by the AI-16, signed by the military triumvirate.
^Until the dissolution of the party on December 20, 1979.
^Aureliano Chaves was the leader and one of the founders of the Liberal Front Party, a dissident group from the Social Democratic Party (PDS), after it chose Paulo Maluf as its candidate for the 1985 presidential election. Also, he was responsible for launching the party manifesto in December 1984, together with 11 former PDS members.[7]
^Acting president until the death of president-elect Tancredo Neves, who became gravely ill the night before the inauguration.
^Assumed the presidency following the death of president-elect Tancredo Neves.
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