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Trumai people
The Trumai (or Trumaí; native name: Ho kod ke)[3] are an indigenous people of Brazil. They currently reside within the Xingu Indigenous Park, in the state of Mato Grosso. They have a population of 258 in 2014.[1] They were 97 in 2011 and 120 in 2006,[2] up from a low of 26 in 1966. BackgroundThe Trumai are one of the last groups to have settled on the upper Xingu River, moving there in the 19th century[1] from the region between the Xingu and Araguaia Rivers, as a result of attacks from another people.[4] They currently live in four villages in the Xingu Indigenous Park, Terra Preta, Boa Esperança, Steinen and Terra Nova, situated halfway from the Leonardo Villas-Bôas Post and the Diauarum Indigenous Post, where some families also live. The Trumai are one of the ethnicities included in the standard cross-cultural sample. They are considered the ones who introduced the jawari ritual ("hopep" in the Trumai language), that is, along with the kwarup, one of the most important inter-tribal festivals in the Upper Xingu cultural complex.[5] SubsistenceThe Trumai are farmers, growing primarily manioc, peppers, and beans.[2] [verification needed] LanguageThe Trumai language is not closely related to other languages, and it is considered a language isolate.[2] It is severely endangered, as children are becoming native speakers of Awetï, Suyá, or Portuguese. Notes
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