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Hemisphere Octant of a sphere Spherical cap Spherical lune Spherical polygon Spherical sector Spherical segment Spherical wedge Spherical zone 3-sphere Affine...

scientific fields. The table of spherical harmonics contains a list of common spherical harmonics. Since the spherical harmonics form a complete set of...

In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates...

The spherical cow is a humorous metaphor for highly simplified scientific models of complex phenomena. Originating in theoretical physics, the metaphor...

Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles...

uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): The...

Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth as a sphere. The earliest documented mention of the concept...

In geometry, a spherical shell (a ball shell) is a generalization of an annulus to three dimensions. It is the region of a ball between two concentric...

solutions are called spherical Bessel functions and are used in spherical systems, such as in solving the Helmholtz equation in spherical coordinates. Bessel's...

resurgence as a conspiracy theory in the 21st century. The idea of a spherical Earth appeared in ancient Greek philosophy with Pythagoras (6th century...

latitude, as defined in this way for the sphere, is often termed the spherical latitude, to avoid ambiguity with the geodetic latitude and the auxiliary...

In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly...

Sphericity is a measure of how closely the shape of a physical object resembles that of a perfect sphere. For example, the sphericity of the balls inside...

In quantum mechanics, the spinor spherical harmonics (also known as spin spherical harmonics, spinor harmonics and Pauli spinors) are special functions...

In geometry and coding theory, a spherical code with parameters (n,N,t) is a set of N points on the unit hypersphere in n dimensions for which the dot...

In geometry, a spherical polyhedron or spherical tiling is a tiling of the sphere in which the surface is divided or partitioned by great arcs into bounded...

In organic chemistry, spherical aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and...

article is a list of the largest spherical buildings in the world. In order to qualify for inclusion, the spherical construction for each entry must be...

non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror...

spherical geometry, a spherical circle (often shortened to circle) is the locus of points on a sphere at constant spherical distance (the spherical radius)...

In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH...

geometry, given a reductive algebraic group G and a Borel subgroup B, a spherical variety is a G-variety with an open dense B-orbit. It is sometimes also...

This is a table of orthonormalized spherical harmonics that employ the Condon-Shortley phase up to degree ℓ = 10 {\displaystyle \ell =10} . Some of these...

specifically, in geometric measure theory — spherical measure σn is the "natural" Borel measure on the n-sphere Sn. Spherical measure is often normalized so that...

A spherical design, part of combinatorial design theory in mathematics, is a finite set of N points on the d-dimensional unit d-sphere Sd such that the...

geometry, a spherical segment is the solid defined by cutting a sphere or a ball with a pair of parallel planes. It can be thought of as a spherical cap with...

A spherical bearing is a bearing that permits rotation about a central point in two orthogonal directions (usually within a specified angular limit based...

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST; Chinese: 五百米口径球面射电望远镜), nicknamed Tianyan (天眼, lit. "Sky's/Heaven's Eye"), is a radio telescope...

Spherical astronomy, or positional astronomy, is a branch of observational astronomy used to locate astronomical objects on the celestial sphere, as seen...

mathematics, spin-weighted spherical harmonics are generalizations of the standard spherical harmonics and—like the usual spherical harmonics—are functions...

zonal spherical harmonics are special spherical harmonics that are invariant under the rotation through a particular fixed axis. The zonal spherical functions...

Hand with Reflecting Sphere, also known as Self-Portrait in Spherical Mirror, is a lithograph by Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in January 1935...

Spherical geometry or spherics (from Ancient Greek σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere or the n-dimensional surface of...

A spherical roller bearing is a rolling-element bearing that permits rotation with low friction, and permits angular misalignment. Typically these bearings...

A spherical tokamak is a type of fusion power device based on the tokamak principle. It is notable for its very narrow profile, or aspect ratio. A traditional...

image quality, including spherical aberration, coma, and chromatic aberration. Spherical aberration occurs because spherical surfaces are not the ideal...

In spherical trigonometry, the law of cosines (or, more specifically, the law of cosines for sides) is a theorem relating the three sides and one of the...

The roughly spherical shape of Earth can be empirically evidenced by many different types of observation, ranging from ground level, flight, or orbit...

geometry, spherical linear interpolation, commonly abbreviated slerp, is a function which interpolates between two points on a sphere, such that spherical distance...

In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane. It is also a spherical segment of one base, i...

In geometry, a spherical sector, also known as a spherical cone, is a portion of a ball that is bounded by a spherical cap and the cone that connects...

translating and summing spherical waves. Let φ(ξ, η, ζ) be an arbitrary function of three independent variables, and let the spherical wave form F be a delta...

In physics, spherical multipole moments are the coefficients in a series expansion of a potential that varies inversely with the distance R to a source...

vector of the vertices of the spherical triangle. Consequently, the result follows. It is easy to see how for small spherical triangles, when the radius...

In mathematics, the Plancherel theorem for spherical functions is an important result in the representation theory of semisimple Lie groups, due in its...

In spherical geometry, a spherical lune (or biangle) is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. It is an...

The spherical collapse model describes the evolution of nearly homogeneous matter in the early Universe into collapsed virialized structures - dark matter...

independent variable. In other coordinate systems, such as cylindrical and spherical coordinates, the Laplacian also has a useful form. Informally, the Laplacian...

and their applications, a spherical basis is the basis used to express spherical tensors.[definition needed] The spherical basis closely relates to the...

In mathematics, a zonal spherical function or often just spherical function is a function on a locally compact group G with compact subgroup K (often a...

A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude...

class of these are spherical tensor operators which apply the notion of the spherical basis and spherical harmonics. The spherical basis closely relates...

multiplied by the anamorphic power of the camera lenses (1× in the case of spherical lenses). Gate dimensions are the width and height of the camera gate aperture...

In mathematics, a spherical 3-manifold M is a 3-manifold of the form M = S 3 / Γ {\displaystyle M=S^{3}/\Gamma } where Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } is a...

Spherical function can refer to Spherical harmonics Zonal spherical function This disambiguation page lists mathematics articles associated with the same...

Look up spherical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Spheric may refer to: An alternate word for spherical Radio atmospheric, a lightning-generated electromagnetic...

Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) is a United Kingdom programme to design and build a prototype fusion power plant based on a spherical tokamak...

Mercator as used for small-scale maps. However, the Web Mercator uses the spherical formulas at all scales whereas large-scale Mercator maps normally use...

In mathematics, a field K with an absolute value is called spherically complete if the intersection of every decreasing sequence of balls (in the sense...

A spherical robot, also known as spherical mobile robot, or ball-shaped robot is a mobile robot with spherical external shape. A spherical robot is typically...

In mathematics, the spherical mean of a function around a point is the average of all values of that function on a sphere of given radius centered at...

In physics, a spherical pendulum is a higher dimensional analogue of the pendulum. It consists of a mass m moving without friction on the surface of a...

In geometry, a spherical wedge or ungula is a portion of a ball bounded by two plane semidisks and a spherical lune (termed the wedge's base). The angle...

spaces are in (typically) three dimensions, then the use of cylindrical or spherical coordinates to represent the position of objects in this space is useful...

small circle of fixed radius (e.g., 15 degrees angular radius). Sometimes spherical triangles are used.[citation needed] In the first half of the 20th century...

Hill's spherical vortex is an exact solution of the Euler equations that is commonly used to model a vortex ring. The solution is also used to model the...

In mapmaking, a quadrilateralized spherical cube, or quad sphere for short, is an equal-area polyhedral map projection and discrete global grid scheme...

The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle...

geometry, Legendre's theorem on spherical triangles, named after Adrien-Marie Legendre, is stated as follows: Let ABC be a spherical triangle on the unit sphere...

on Earth or other spherical solar system bodies. In addition it is frequently used in panoramic photography to represent a spherical panoramic image. The...

\cdot \mathbf {A} } in cylindrical and spherical coordinates are given in the article del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Using Einstein notation...

has spherical symmetry in one 3-space, and circular symmetry in the orthogonal direction. An analogous 3-dimensional equivalent term is spherical symmetry...

In quantum mechanics, a particle in a spherically symmetric potential is a system where a particle's potential energy depends only on its distance from...

The spherical model is a model of ferromagnetism similar to the Ising model, which was solved in 1952 by T. H. Berlin and M. Kac. It has the remarkable...

circular cone can be projected onto a sphere from its centre, delineating a spherical cap where the cone intersects the sphere. The magnitude of the solid angle...

A spherical cone may mean: a hypercone in 4D a spherical sector in 3D Spherical conic This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title...

The equivalent spherical diameter of an irregularly shaped object is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent geometric, optical, electrical, aerodynamic...

The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is a magnetic fusion device based on the spherical tokamak concept. It was constructed by the Princeton...

Bolwoningen are Dutch spherical houses in the Maaspoort neighborhood of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. It consists of 50 spherical houses grouped together...

(sometimes spelled Hortonsphere), also referred to as a spherical tank or simply sphere, is a spherical pressure vessel, which is used for industrial-scale...

tessellation of the real projective plane. These are projective analogs of spherical polyhedra – tessellations of the sphere – and toroidal polyhedra – tessellations...

(or 360° video), also known as surround video, or immersive video or spherical video, is a video recording where a view in all directions is recorded...

Although these viruses are often referred to as 'spherical', they do not show true mathematical spherical symmetry. In the early 20th century, Ernst Haeckel...

are known as spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of objects in the sky (on the celestial sphere), consisting of a spherical framework of...

The spherical Bernstein's problem is a possible generalization of the original Bernstein's problem in the field of global differential geometry, first...

aberrations. If the mirror is spherical, it will suffer from spherical aberration. If the mirror is made parabolic, to correct the spherical aberration, then it...

Spherical wave transformations leave the form of spherical waves as well as the laws of optics and electrodynamics invariant in all inertial frames. They...

horizontal take on yet another meaning. On the surface of a smoothly spherical, homogenous, non-rotating planet, the plumb bob picks out as vertical...

The Spherics (Greek: τὰ σφαιρικά, tà sphairiká) is a three-volume treatise on spherical geometry written by the Hellenistic mathematician Theodosius of...

The fundamental plane in a spherical coordinate system is a plane of reference that divides the sphere into two hemispheres. The geocentric latitude of...

In spherical geometry, Lexell's theorem holds that every spherical triangle with the same surface area on a fixed base has its apex on a small circle...

radius – Radius of a circle or sphere equivalent to a non-circular or non-spherical objectPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets The Greek...

Germany and Central Europe in the later Late Middle Ages. The smaller, more spherical-headed flail appears to be even less common; it appears occasionally in...

Spherical Objects were a band in the Manchester, UK-based experimental independent post-punk scene of the late 70s (including other more or less experimental...

A spherical roller thrust bearing is a rolling-element bearing of thrust type that permits rotation with low friction, and permits angular misalignment...

length, and have tabular vesicles. Spherical bombs also form from high to moderately fluid magma. In the case of spherical bombs, surface tension plays a...

Compact 21-56 FF — wide-angle compact spherical zoom lens Optimo Ultra Compact 37-102 FF — standard compact spherical zoom lens Optimo Ultra 12x FF/VV, S35...

spherical cube represents the spherical polyhedron, which can be modeled with the arcs of great circles, creating bounds as the edges of a spherical square...

Spherical chess is any of several chess variants played on boards composed of fields arranged on the surface of a sphere. A variant described by Don Miller...

A ball is a round object (usually spherical, but sometimes ovoid). Balls can have several uses. For example they are used in ball games, where the play...

23056°W / 51.65917; -1.23056 Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) was a nuclear fusion experiment, testing a spherical tokamak nuclear fusion reactor, and...

hold. Instead, as in spherical geometry, there are no parallel lines since any two lines must intersect. However, unlike in spherical geometry, two lines...

Spherical harmonic (SH) lighting is a family of real-time rendering techniques that can produce highly realistic shading and shadowing with comparatively...

Spherical packing may refer to: Sphere packing Spherical code This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Spherical packing. If...

In spherical geometry, an n-gonal hosohedron is a tessellation of lunes on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two polar opposite...

equation can be derived as a special case of the spherical law of cosines that applies to all spherical triangles: cos ⁡ c R = cos ⁡ a R cos ⁡ b R + sin...

any of many ways to map a spherical field of view to a flat image. It is used to encode and deliver the effect of a spherical, 360-degree image to viewers...

mathematics, a spherical category is a pivotal category (a monoidal category with traces) in which left and right traces coincide. Spherical fusion categories...

In mathematics, the spherical braid group or Hurwitz braid group is a braid group on n strands. In comparison with the usual braid group, it has an additional...

angles exceeds 180° is called the spherical excess, denoted as E {\textstyle E} or Δ {\textstyle \Delta } . The spherical excess and the area A {\textstyle...

a spherical conic or sphero-conic is a curve on the sphere, the intersection of the sphere with a concentric elliptic cone. It is the spherical analog...

based on multiple confirming lines of evidence that Earth is roughly spherical. Flat Earth beliefs are classified by experts in philosophy and physics...

can be measured by equivalent diameter, the diameter of a circular or spherical approximation to the object. This includes hydraulic diameter, the equivalent...

properties that make them distinct from other classes of galaxy. They are spherical or ovoid masses of stars, starved of star-making gases. Furthermore, there...

607a^{2}\\V&={\frac {125+43{\sqrt {5}}}{4}}a^{3}\approx 55.288a^{3}.\end{aligned}}} The sphericity of a polyhedron Ψ {\displaystyle \Psi } describes how closely a polyhedron...

of a sphere is a spherical triangle with three right angles and three right sides. It is sometimes called a trirectangular (spherical) triangle. It is...

setting for spherical analytic geometry instead of spherical polar coordinates or three-dimensional cartesian coordinates. This is the spherical analog of...

differential equations) in spherical coordinates. Associated Legendre polynomials play a vital role in the definition of spherical harmonics. These functions...

three-dimensional puzzles have entered large-scale production, including spherical puzzles and architectural recreations. A range of jigsaw puzzle accessories...

architect Hajime Narukawa in 1999. The map is made by equally dividing a spherical surface into 96 triangles, transferring it to a tetrahedron while maintaining...

quickly rotating antennas. Radomes can be constructed in several shapes – spherical, geodesic, planar, etc. – depending on the particular application, using...

circle or a spherical view. The results is known as VR photograph (or VR photo), 360-degree photo (or 360° photo), photo sphere (or spherical photo), as...

figure at right), and the other one is usually spherical. Such a lens behaves like a combination of a spherical lens and a cylindrical lens. Toric lenses are...

In four-dimensional geometry, the spherinder, or spherical cylinder or spherical prism, is a geometric object, defined as the Cartesian product of a 3-ball...

Boulders (officially Moeraki Boulders / Kaihinaki) are unusually large spherical boulders lying along a stretch of Koekohe Beach on the wave-cut Otago...

Because of their mass, these moons are large and ellipsoidal (sometimes spherical) in shape due to hydrostatic equilibrium caused by internal partial melting...

the basis for a spherical spiral: draw a straight line on the map and find its inverse projection on the sphere, a kind of spherical curve. One of the...

different rates of detonation. In order to convert a spherically expanding wavefront into a spherically converging one using only a single boundary between...

circumcenter and the point where the diagonals intersect. In spherical geometry, a spherical quadrilateral formed from four intersecting greater circles...

of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry, the law of haversines, that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles. The first table of...

ball is the ball used in the sport of association football. The ball's spherical shape, as well as its size, mass, and material composition, are specified...

radiometric quantities radiant intensity and radiance Calculating spherical excess E of a spherical triangle The calculation of potentials by using the boundary...

cubic honeycomb. The tetrahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling (of spherical triangles), and projected onto the plane via a stereographic...

is not exactly spherical, mainly because of its rotation around the polar axis that makes its shape slightly oblate. However, a spherical harmonics series...

Russian submarine Losharik is able to dive over 2000 m with its multi-spherical hull. Saddle tank (submarine) Semi-submersible Tom Chaffin (2010). The...

reduced so that the cylinder slices through the model globe. Both exist in spherical and ellipsoidal versions. Both projections are conformal, so that the...

trigonometric functions. The book also has a discussion of theorems in spherical trigonometry, usually known as Napier's Rules of Circular Parts. Modern...

assuming sphericity. ^ Volume V derived from the radius using V = 4 3 π r 3 {\textstyle V={\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}} , assuming sphericity. ^ Density...

associate a simplicial complex Δ = Δ(G) with an action of G, called the spherical building of G. The group G imposes very strong combinatorial regularity...

astrology, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, prayer, Salat, Qibla, etc. The spherical astrolabe was a variation of both the astrolabe and the armillary sphere...

C2. The global spherical shell conjecture claims that all class VII0 surfaces with positive second Betti number have a global spherical shell. The manifolds...

Earth projection include: The curved sides of the projection suggest the spherical form of Earth. Straight parallels make it easy to compare how far north...

{\text{and }}{\bar {R}}=\|{\bar {x}}\|,} A weighted spherical mean can be defined based on spherical linear interpolation. Center of mass Centroid Circular...

These vessels use heavily insulated containment systems, with membrane or spherical tanks, to keep gas in liquid form, reducing its volume 600 times. This...

In geometric topology, the spherical space form conjecture (now a theorem) states that a finite group acting on the 3-sphere is conjugate to a group of...

Brésil was Alberto Santos-Dumont's first spherical balloon. The balloon introduced several innovations in aeronautics and was built for him in France...

point in three-dimensional space include cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates, though there are an infinite number of possible methods....

astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild set out to apply the idea to stars. He assumed spherical symmetry with no spin and found a solution to Einstein's equations. A...

assumptions to the form stated above. A further generalization to non-spherical errors was given by Alexander Aitken. Suppose we are given two random...

This article lists the regular polytopes in Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic spaces. This table shows a summary of regular polytope counts by rank...

manufacture. Spherical roller thrust bearings use asymmetrical rollers of spherical shape, rolling inside a house washer with a raceway with spherical inner...

field of view. Anamorphic lenses have more complex optics than standard spherical lenses which require more light, and can introduce distinctive distortions...

a function that depends on angles—usually the two angles used in the spherical coordinate system (the polar and azimuthal angles) for three-dimensional...

plane can only radiate a perfect uniform-amplitude, spherical wave — a wave having perfectly spherical, outward travelling phase fronts with uniform intensity...

In the mathematical field of graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required...

combines a spherical mirror with a weakly negative meniscus lens in a design that takes advantage of all the surfaces being nearly "spherically symmetrical"...

In differential geometry, the spherical image of a unit-speed curve is given by taking the curve's tangent vectors as points, all of which must lie on...

Greek βαθύς (bathús) 'deep' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') was a unique spherical deep-sea submersible which was unpowered and lowered into the ocean on...

A marble is a small spherical object often made from glass, clay, steel, plastic, or agate. These toys can be used for a variety of games called marbles...

needed] Vector representations include Cartesian, polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. In 1835 Giusto Bellavitis introduced the idea of equipollent...

concentric spherical shells around a fixed point. An example is the gimbaled gyroscope. These devices are called spherical mechanisms. Spherical mechanisms...

Sprouted coconuts, also referred to as coconut sprouts, are the edible spherical sponge-like cotyledons of germinating coconuts. They have a crunchy watery...

and let a, b, c be the respective lengths of the opposite sides. The spherical law of tangents says tan ⁡ 1 2 ( A − B ) tan ⁡ 1 2 ( A + B ) = tan ⁡ 1...

Spherical Worlds is a shoot 'em up video game developed by 4-Matted and published by Neo Software, released for Amiga platforms in 1996. The game plays...

Rayleigh expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves: e i k ⋅ r = ∑ ℓ = 0 ∞ ( 2 ℓ + 1 ) i ℓ j ℓ ( k r ) P ℓ ( k ^ ⋅ r...

^{2}f}{\partial \phi ^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial z^{2}}}=0.} In spherical coordinates, using the ( r , θ , φ ) {\displaystyle (r,\theta ,\varphi...

that direction together with the wave. For a sinusoidal spherical wave, the wavefronts are spherical surfaces that expand with it. If the speed of propagation...

equation—relying on the spherical coordinate system, which generally works best with models having sufficient aspects of spherical symmetry. An electron's...

In an automobile, ball joints are spherical bearings that connect the control arms to the steering knuckles, and are used on virtually every automobile...

their needs. Furthermore, there was no widely accepted formulation of spherical harmonics for acoustics, so one was borrowed from chemistry, quantum mechanics...

Spherical is a 1989 video game published by Rainbow Arts. It was released for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. It is similar...

transformations Vector fields in cylindrical and spherical coordinates Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates Krafft, C.; Volokitin, A. S. (1 January...

diagnosed in Peripheral blood film by seeing spherical red blood cells rather than biconcave. Because spherical red blood cells are more prone to lysis in...

In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous...

Still Life with Spherical Mirror is a lithography print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in November 1934. It depicts a setting with rounded...

is an optical device used in the testing of large aspheric mirrors. A spherical mirror of any size can be tested relatively easily using standard optical...

bomb (also known as a globe salute or kraft salute) is an approximately spherical exploding firework, roughly resembling a cherry in size and shape (with...

the scattering amplitude is the probability amplitude of the outgoing spherical wave relative to the incoming plane wave in a stationary-state scattering...

termed Legendre wavelets or spherical harmonic wavelets. Legendre functions have widespread applications in which spherical coordinate system is appropriate...

Spherics (sometimes spelled sphaerics or sphaerica) is a term used in the history of mathematics for historical works on spherical geometry, exemplified...

Laplace equation, and can be expanded in a series of solid spherical harmonics in spherical coordinates. As a result, the solution to the Stokes equations...

homogeneous sphere. The solution takes the form of an infinite series of spherical multipole partial waves. It is named after German physicist Gustav Mie...

joints with intersecting axes ("spherical wrist"). These robots, known as robots with an "Ortho-parallel Basis and a Spherical Wrist," can be defined by 7...

This represents the power per unit area of solar irradiance across the spherical surface surrounding the Sun with a radius equal to the distance to the...

trajectory. The rigid-body Roche limit is a simplified calculation for a spherical satellite. Irregular shapes such as those of tidal deformation on the...

)\\z&=z_{0}+r\cos \theta \end{aligned}}} which give rise to the name spherical product. Barr uses the spherical product to define quadric surfaces, like ellipsoids, and...

the ancient Alhazen's problem (billiard problem or reflection from a spherical mirror). Some regular polygons (e.g. a pentagon) are easy to construct...

an optical lens in the shape of a sphere. Formally, it is a bi-convex spherical lens with the same radius of curvature on both sides, and diameter equal...

Spherical Harmonic is a science fiction novel from the Saga of the Skolian Empire by Catherine Asaro. It tells the story of Dyhianna Selei (Dehya), the...

Chicken balls are a food consisting of small, spherical or nearly spherical pieces of chicken. They are prepared and eaten in several different cuisines...

A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component. Several distinct components...

Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures that consist of a densely packed, highly oriented arrangement of linear nucleic acids in a three-dimensional...

Joint Mechanism With Three-DoF Based on Spherical Gear Meshings) is a ball joint system which uses a cross-spherical gear in conjunction with a monopole gear...

finished TRISO particles are then embedded into a graphite matrix to form spherical or cylindrical fuel elements. Historically, TRISO has been used in high-temperature...

phase allotrope of plutonium so it could be hot pressed into the desired spherical shape. As plutonium was found to corrode readily, the sphere was then...

gravitational simplifications that can be applied to objects inside or outside a spherically symmetric body. This theorem has particular application to astronomy...

is added to the r and θ polar coordinates giving a triple (r, θ, z). Spherical coordinates take this a step further by converting the pair of cylindrical...

Raffaello is a spherical coconut–almond truffle that Italian manufacturer Ferrero brought to the market in 1990. It consists of a spherical wafer which is...

heavens being a physical dome spanning over it. Early arguments for a spherical Earth pointed to various more subtle empirical observations, including...

charge a uniformly distributed spherical shell of charge any other charge distribution with spherical symmetry The spherical Gaussian surface is chosen so...

are apparently orders of magnitude more difficult than for a spherical primary. A spherically symmetric simulation is one-dimensional, while an axially symmetric...

corrector plate to make a compact astronomical instrument that uses simple spherical surfaces. The American astronomer and lens designer James Gilbert Baker...

Finite spherical symmetry groups are also called point groups in three dimensions. There are five fundamental symmetry classes which have triangular fundamental...

(c. 417 BC – 369 BC) Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes...

Seiffert's spherical spiral is a curve on a sphere made by moving on the sphere with constant speed and angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter...

space, it is degenerate if its faces are flat, while in three-dimensional spherical space, a dihedron with flat faces can be thought of as a lens, an example...

continuous varieties, in one, two, and three dimensions, in Cartesian and spherical geometry, on surfaces and in volumes, on graphs, and in scalar, vector...

heads face outward, creating spherical or other-shaped micelles. Although micelles are often depicted as being spherical, they can be cylindrical or oblate...

due to a negative sign in the linear transformation between them. The spherical scoring rule is also a strictly proper scoring rule S ( p , i ) = p i...

Dum Dums (stylized as Dum•Dums) are an American brand of spherical lollipops. Dum Dums originated from Akron Candy Company in Akron, Ohio, in 1924. I...

A pellet is a non-spherical projectile designed to be fired from an air gun, and an airgun that fires such pellets is commonly known as a pellet gun....

Google book. Spherical trigonometry on Math World. Intro to Spherical Trig. Includes discussion of The Napier circle and Napier's rules Spherical Trigonometry...

from obstruction by intervening objects. The geometric horizon assumes a spherical earth. The true horizon takes into account the fact that the earth is...

galactic coordinate system (GCS) is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned...

iconic challenge to quantum mechanics theory: how can the prediction of spherically symmetric wave function result in linear tracks seen in a cloud chamber...

crystals are rare, and it normally occurs as translucent green radial or spherical clusters. Wavellite was first described in 1805 for an occurrence at High...

of being part of a larger conspiracy to promote the spherical Earth model. Earth's roughly spherical shape was established by Hellenistic astronomy in the...

Let (x, y, z) be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and (ρ, θ, φ) the spherical coordinates, with θ the angle measured away from the +Z axis (as illustrated)...

specify the positions of celestial objects. It may be implemented in spherical or rectangular coordinates, both defined by an origin at the centre of...

{\Gamma }{4\pi R}}\left(\ln {\frac {8R}{a}}-{\frac {1}{4}}\right)} Hill's spherical vortex is an example of steady vortex flow and may be used to model vortex...

point may all be parallel to another line.[further explanation needed] In spherical and elliptic geometries, every pair of lines intersects, while in hyperbolic...

projection, as well as the projection's characteristics. Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed into Albers equal-area conic projection coordinates...

images that are blurred due to uncorrected spherical aberration. A soft focus lens deliberately introduces spherical aberration which blurs fine texture in...

source of spherical wavelets and that the secondary wavelets emanating from different points mutually interfere. The sum of these spherical wavelets forms...

The Bond albedo (also called spheric albedo, planetary albedo, and bolometric albedo), named after the American astronomer George Phillips Bond (1825–1865)...

sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter) ( D {\displaystyle...

have implications for a nucleonic nuclear structure. A surprising non-spherical expectation for the shape of the nucleus originated in 1939 in the spectroscopic...

Specifically, the hole has the shape of a right circular cylinder (with two spherical caps) whose axis goes through the center of the sphere. Removing the "hole"...

around a spherical body (e.g., a planet or a moon). Here we compute the tidal tensor for the gravitational field outside an isolated spherically symmetric...

the globe. The great circle path may be found using spherical trigonometry; this is the spherical version of the inverse geodetic problem. If a navigator...

particularly in domestic cattle, resulting in the formation of an approximately spherical structure covered with hairy skin. An amorphous globosus contains parts...

considered horizontal), longitudinal position, or axial position. In a spherical coordinate system, the radius describes the distance of a point from a...

light is used. The most common monochromatic aberrations are: Defocus Spherical aberration Coma Astigmatism Field curvature Image distortion Although...

from her sons. The concept for the drink originated from the shape of a spherical glass. In a 2016 interview with Forbes, Kick discussed her difficulties...

feet (112 m) high and 516 feet (157 m) wide; it would be the largest spherical building on Earth, if it were not a geodesic dome. The arena cost $2.3...

In probability and statistics, a spherical contact distribution function, first contact distribution function, or empty space function is a mathematical...

In geometry, the 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron is an arrangement of 31 great circles in icosahedral symmetry. It was first identified...

al-ashkāl al-basīṭah wa-al-kuriyyah ("Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures"), which was used extensively by medieval mathematicians. Their...

space. The spherical octahedron represents a regular octahedron projected to a sphere, a part of spherical polyhedron. There are eight spherical triangles...

A polyhedral map projection is a map projection based on a spherical polyhedron. Typically, the polyhedron is overlaid on the globe, and each face of...

officially the Republic of Kugelmugel (German: Republik Kugelmugel), is a spherical art object located in Vienna, Austria. It came about as the result of...

algebra and multilinear algebra. The field has its origins in the study of spherical geometry as far back as antiquity. It also relates to astronomy, the geodesy...

equinox, and it has a right-hand convention. It may be implemented in spherical or rectangular coordinates. The celestial equator and the ecliptic are...

geometry to include it in the now rarely used sequence elliptic geometry (spherical geometry), parabolic geometry (Euclidean geometry), and hyperbolic geometry...

formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter (which may include crystals)...

and an angular or spherical part. The solution to the spherical part of the equation can be expressed as a series of Laplace's spherical harmonics, simplifying...

and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. The globe valve is named for its historical spherical internal body shape, with the two halves...

(81 g) conical bullet at around 1,500 ft/s (460 m/s) or an 860 gr (56 g) spherical ball at around 1,650 ft/s (500 m/s), both with 10 to 12 drams (17.72 to...

Bernhard Schmidt in 1930. Its optical components are an easy-to-make spherical primary mirror, and an aspherical correcting lens, known as a Schmidt...

definitions of a polygon in Euclidean geometry do not admit the monogon. In spherical geometry, a monogon can be constructed as a vertex on a great circle (equator)...

law gives the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects moving at very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. It was...

propellant (trademarked as Ball Powder by Olin Corporation and marketed as spherical powder by Hodgdon Powder Company) is a form of nitrocellulose used in...

In physics, spherically symmetric spacetimes are commonly used to obtain analytic and numerical solutions to Einstein's field equations in the presence...

SO(3) group can be defined simply in terms of integrals of products of spherical harmonics and their complex conjugates. The addition of spins in quantum-mechanical...

correct spherical aberration in image-forming optical systems such as catadioptric telescopes. It works by having the equal but opposite spherical aberration...

A snowball is a spherical object made from snow, usually created by scooping snow with the hands and pressing the snow together to compact it into a ball...

{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} to S 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} ^{2}} . Using spherical coordinates ( θ , ϕ ) {\displaystyle (\theta ,\phi )} , on S 2 {\displaystyle...

aberrations typical of traditional spherical lenses. Gradient-index lenses may have a refraction gradient that is spherical, axial, or radial. The lens of...

is a track and field event involving "putting" (or throwing) a heavy spherical ball—the shot—as far as possible. For men, the sport has been a part of...

spherical-shaped, altazimuth mount gun turret, fitted to some American-built aircraft during World War II. The name arose from the turret's spherical...

generalized to three-dimensional space through the use of cylindrical or spherical coordinates. In cylindrical coordinates, every point of space is represented...

Mauchly's sphericity test or Mauchly's W is a statistical test used to validate a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was developed in 1940...

polyhedron elements. The truncated cuboctahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This...

vertically up to a full sphere (1 spat), in which case it is also known as a spherical camera. Omnidirectional cameras are important in applications where large...

refractive index than the air. In general, the lens is not spherical. Spherical lenses produce spherical aberration. In refractive corneas, the lens tissue is...

1925. The projection has seen use in digital photography for portraying spherical panoramas. The maturation of complex analysis in the 19th century led...

The navigational triangle or PZX triangle is a spherical triangle used in astronavigation to determine the observer's position on the globe. It is composed...

considering polyhedra as a spherical tiling, this restriction may be relaxed, since digons (2-gons) can be represented as spherical lunes, having non-zero...

have spherical lengths α i , j , α i , k , α i , l {\displaystyle \alpha _{i,j},\alpha _{i,k},\alpha _{i,l}} and the respective opposite spherical angles...

A BB gun is a type of air gun firing metallic spherical projectiles called BBs (not to be confused with similar-looking bearing balls), which are approximately...

plane wave travelling along the axis into a spherical wave converging toward the focus. Conversely, a spherical wave generated by a point source placed in...

muisjes". In Australia and New Zealand, as well as South Africa and the UK, spherical nonpareils are known as "hundreds-and-thousands". In Australia and New...

Philip Vaughan of Carmarthen, Wales. This is the first design seen with a spherical object moving through a groove. 1869 - Jules Suriray receives the first...

radius 1. Denote by L the length of C and by A the area enclosed by C. The spherical isoperimetric inequality states that L 2 ≥ A ( 4 π − A ) , {\displaystyle...

planetary precession being roughly 1/100 that of the celestial equator. Spherical coordinates, known as ecliptic longitude and latitude or celestial longitude...

Quantum geometry Riemannian geometry Ruppeiner geometry Solid geometry Spherical geometry Symplectic geometry Synthetic geometry Systolic geometry Taxicab...

point the projection uniformly scales the image of a small portion of the spherical surface without otherwise distorting it, preserving angles between intersecting...

titanate glass). The spherical aberration problem with the spherical cat's eye can be solved in various ways, one being a spherically symmetrical index gradient...

homogeneous mass distribution is highly symmetric. Rewriting the metric in spherical coordinates reduces four coordinates to three coordinates. The radial...

exhibit a range of particle sizes. Liquid droplets are almost always nearly spherical, but scientists use an equivalent diameter to characterize the properties...

in transforming polyhedra. A spherical lune is a digon whose two vertices are antipodal points on the sphere. A spherical polyhedron constructed from such...

boh-OH-teez) (colloquially referred to as the Great Nothing) is a roughly spherical region of space in the vicinity of the constellation Boötes. It contains...

reduced so that the cylinder slices through the model globe. Both exist in spherical and ellipsoidal versions. Both projections are conformal, so that the...

reflection in a spherical mirror. It asks for the point in the mirror where one given point reflects to another. The special case of a concave spherical mirror...

parallel planes, and the assembly is called a planar four-bar linkage. Spherical and spatial four-bar linkages also exist and are used in practice. Planar...

freedom. An example of a simple closed chain is the RSSR (revolute-spherical-spherical-revolute) spatial four-bar linkage. The sum of the freedom of these...

century) and Johannes de Muris (14th century). Something equivalent to the spherical law of cosines was used (but not stated in general) by al-Khwārizmī (9th...

maintaining the holding power of the nut. A self-aligning nut, also known as a spherical nut or leveling nut, is a type of nut used in applications where the fastener...

susceptible to Hohlraum texture roughness. The fuel capsule must be precisely spherical, with texture roughness less than one nanometer, for fusion ignition to...

Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field outside a spherical mass, on the assumption that the electric charge of the mass, angular...

}{\partial \varphi }}=\mathbf {0} .} The unit vectors appropriate to spherical symmetry are: r ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} } , the direction...

of continuing to prosecute the war" Barnes Wallis's April 1942 paper "Spherical Bomb – Surface Torpedo" described a method of attack in which a weapon...

temperature is θ m , c = ln ⁡ 4 {\displaystyle \theta _{m,c}=\ln 4} . For spherical vessel, there is no known explicit solution, so Frank-Kamenetskii used...

A follicle is a small, spherical or vase-like group of cells enclosing a cavity in which some other structure grows or other material is contained. Thyroid...

The Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures (Arabic: كتاب معرفة مساحة الأشكال البسيطة والكريّة, Kitāb maʿrifah masāḥat al-ashkāl al-basīṭah...

three "straight" segments also determine a "triangle", for instance, a spherical triangle or hyperbolic triangle. A geodesic triangle is a region of a...

two are structural proteins embedded in the envelope. Virions are quasi-spherical, slightly pleomorphic, enveloped and about 80 nm (range 50–125 nm) in...

\mathbf {z} =\cos R} . We can also measure the area of the spherical disk enclosed within a spherical circle, using the intrinsic surface area measure on the...

rotation curve. Without large amounts of mass throughout the roughly spherical halo, the rotational velocity of the galaxy would decrease at large distances...

triangle in spherical trigonometry. This followed earlier work by Greek mathematicians such as Menelaus of Alexandria, who wrote a book on spherical trigonometry...

spherical aberration, coma and trefoil are of clinical interest.[citation needed] Spherical aberration clinically refers to a fourth-order spherical aberration...

depends on application, including the precision needed for the model. A spherical Earth is a well-known historical approximation that is satisfactory for...

Spherical neutron polarimetry (SNP) is a form of neutron polarimetry that measures the polarization of neutrons both before and after scattering. It uses...

the muscles of the hand. Despite the name, many stress balls are not spherical. Some are molded in amusing shapes, and pad- or transfer-printed with...

Cylindrical Grinder, the Heim Joint Rod End Bearing and a pioneer of modern spherical, ball and roller bearings. Heim was a self-taught machinist with an ability...

special case of it defined in terms of the asymptotic behavior of a zonal spherical function of a Lie group, and Harish-Chandra (1970) introduced a more general...

constant value ψ of the Stokes stream function, is equal to 2π ψ. In spherical coordinates ( r , θ , φ ), r is the radial distance from the origin, θ...

repraesentatione superficiei sphaericae super plano" [On the representation of spherical surfaces on a plane]. Acta Academiae Scientarum Imperialis Petropolitinae...

is found in sedimentary rock or soil. Concretions are often ovoid or spherical in shape, although irregular shapes also occur. The word concretion is...

Spherical surface acoustic wave sensors use a type of surface acoustic wave (SAW) that travels along the surface of a medium exhibiting elasticity with...

observatory's main instrument was the Arecibo Telescope, a 305 m (1,000 ft) spherical reflector dish built into a natural sinkhole, with a cable-mount steerable...

Catalogue] by Ibn al-Nadīm, six books by Menelaus are mentioned: the Book of Spherical Propositions (Sphaerica), On the Knowledge of the Weights and Distribution...

sphericity in a repeated measures ANOVA. The correction functions as both an estimate of epsilon (sphericity) and a correction for lack of sphericity...

vajra consists of a round, symmetrical metal scepter with two ribbed spherical heads. The ribs may meet in a ball-shaped top, or they may be separate...

simplest axisymmetric shape is the sphere or spherical section. This can either be a complete sphere or a spherical section forebody with a converging conical...

VirtuSphere is a spherical virtual reality device. It consists of a 10-foot hollow sphere, which is placed on a special platform that allows the sphere...

physics, spherulites (from Greek sphaira = ball and lithos = stone) are spherical semicrystalline regions inside non-branched linear polymers. Their formation...

triangles have some properties that are analogous to those of triangles in spherical or elliptic geometry: Two triangles with the same angle sum are equal...

to failed attempts to create a spherical shape. In 1928, Hoffman and Company of Chicago tried to manufacture a spherical, chocolate-covered caramel candy...

{X^{2}+Y^{2}}{4}}}}\,Y,-1+{\frac {X^{2}+Y^{2}}{2}}\right).\end{aligned}}} In spherical coordinates ⁠ ( ψ , θ ) {\displaystyle (\psi ,\theta )} ⁠ on the sphere...

symmetry, C6 symmetry, order 6. The hexagonal trapezohedron also exists as a spherical tiling, with 2 vertices on the poles, and alternating vertices equally...

superseded by the modern realization that a spherical Earth rotating on its own axis was one of several spherical planets following the laws of gravity and...

mathematician, physicist, philosopher, and astronomer. Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed into Lambert conformal conic projection coordinates...

published as a preprint in 1998. The HEALPix projection is a general class of spherical projections, sharing several key properties, which map the 2-sphere to...

theorem), and diverge on both sides of this common perpendicular. In spherical geometry, all geodesics are great circles. Great circles divide the sphere...

the resulting collection ("electron cloud") tends toward a generally spherical zone of probability describing the electron's location, because of the...

is also often associated with zeolites. It is most commonly found as spherical or radial formations in hydrothermally altered basalt and basaltic tuffs...

work on invariant theory of ternary forms (1889) and for the study of spherical trigonometry. He is also known for contributions to space geometry, hypercomplex...

complex conjugate of the D-matrix is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of spherical and symmetric rigid rotors. The letter D stands for Darstellung,[citation...

degenerate, collapsing to a line segment between the two vertices. In spherical geometry, however, non-degenerate digons can exist. Two distinct points...

A higher oxidation state leads to a larger splitting relative to the spherical field. the arrangement of the ligands around the metal ion. the coordination...

Ball, ball, or balls in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A ball is a spherical round object with various uses. Ball(s) or The Ball may also refer to:...

hypotheses in Greek terminology): The heavens are spherical The Heavenly Sphere rotates The Earth is spherical The Earth is the center of the cosmos "the Earth...

consider configurations of N points on a sphere of higher dimension. See spherical design. Several algorithms have been applied to this problem. The focus...

species is prized by gardeners because of its striking floral display. The spherical "head" (technically an umbel) is borne on a long scape, up to 50 cm in...

rotational spectroscopy, molecules are classified according to symmetry into spherical tops, linear molecules, and symmetric tops; analytical expressions can...

a sphere, which is considered "the first treatise on spherical trigonometry", although spherical trigonometry in its ancient Hellenistic form was dealt...

medieval writers describing the sphericity of the Earth is Thomas Aquinas, who notes in his Summa Theologica that the sphericity of the Earth can be "demonstrated...

achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths (typically...

powder, coconut, or chopped nuts. A chocolate truffle is handrolled into a spherical or ball shape. The name derives from the chocolate truffle's similarity...

the law of reflection, and was also the first to describe the horopter, spherical aberration, color constancy, and unconscious inference. Ibn al-Haytham...

In geometry, a hypercone (or spherical cone) is the figure in the 4-dimensional Euclidean space represented by the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − w 2 = 0...

edges of spherical triangle. Identified by R. Buckminster Fuller, there are 31 great circles in a spherical icosahedron. Its dual is the spherical dodecahedron...

National Geospatial Information Authorities (NGIAs) in the world Globe – spherical models of Earth International Map of the World – an international project...

of the genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive bacteria with spherical cells that appear in clusters. This species was first described in 1988...

refer to: The globe, an alternative name for Earth Any other spherical or roughly spherical object, such as a crystal ball Globe Building (disambiguation)...

spheres of amorphous silicon dioxide, SiO2 (see above illustration). The spherical particles precipitate in highly siliceous pools and form highly ordered...

war. Tsonga clubs were also similar to the Zulu and Ndebele type with spherical heads but variants with more elongated oval heads were also used in what...

Ballas (or shot bort) is a diamond industry term for roughly spherical shards of non-gem-grade diamond, mostly mined in Brazil and South Africa. A ballas...

On motivic spherical bundles Is it true that all sphere bundles are boundaries of disk bundles? https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/spherical+fibration v t...

this range is desirable. The pentagonal trapezohedron also exists as a spherical tiling, with 2 vertices on the poles, and alternating vertices equally...

constellation Ursa Major I Dwarf and Ursa Major II Dwarf, two nearby dwarf spherical galaxies visible in the constellation Ursa Major (Third Eye Blind album)...

astronomer and mathematician from Bithynia who wrote the Spherics, a treatise about spherical geometry, as well as several other books on mathematics and...

respectively. The intersection between one of the cones and the sphere forms a spherical conic. The conical coordinates ( r , μ , ν ) {\displaystyle (r,\mu ,\nu...

real-world scientific context by C. Casagrande et al. in 1988 to describe spherical glass particles with one of the hemispheres hydrophilic and the other...

The induced representations of such ρ make up the principal series. The spherical principal series consists of representations induced from 1-dimensional...

island of stability. Unlike the magic numbers 2–126, which are realized in spherical nuclei, theoretical calculations predict that nuclei in the island of...

Over the years models consisting of an increasing but limited number of spherical harmonics have been produced. Maps produced have included free-air gravity...

is typically used as the idealized Earth, but even if the Earth were spherical and did not rotate, the strength of gravity would not be the same everywhere...

animations). The solid angle subtended by an octant of a sphere (the spherical triangle with three right angles) equals π/2  sr. Wikimedia Commons has...

This article lists the regular polytope compounds in Euclidean, spherical and hyperbolic spaces. For any natural number n, there are n-pointed star regular...

A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere. Globes serve purposes similar to maps, but, unlike maps...

creeping vine plant in the family Cucurbitaceae that bears cylindrical to spherical fruits, used as culinary vegetables. Considered an annual plant, there...

triangle. The projection is used in the polar areas as part of the HEALPix spherical projection, which is widely used in physical cosmology in making maps...

pressure were to suddenly rise. As reactor designs have evolved, many nearly spherical containment designs for PWRs have also been constructed. Depending on...

Mendocino County, California, in the United States. It is named for the spherical sandstone concretions found there at low tide. Caspar Headlands State...

mathematics, the solid harmonics are solutions of the Laplace equation in spherical polar coordinates, assumed to be (smooth) functions R 3 → C {\displaystyle...

drive pin on an external drive wheel. Another variant is the spherical Geneva drive. Spherical Geneva drive The figure shows the motion curves for an external...

secant, cosecant) with complete proofs, and formulated the plane and spherical law of sines, the form still taught in schools and universities today...

all equal, though opposite angles are equal. Other geometries, such as spherical, elliptic, and hyperbolic, have so-called rectangles with opposite sides...

with brackets for vertex figures, with overlapping edges or vertices. Spherical tilings with dihedral symmetry exist for all p = 2 , 3 , 4 , … {\displaystyle...

effective conductivity (which can be either dc or ac) for a system made up of spherical multicomponent inclusions with different arbitrary conductivities. Then...

Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Secoviridae. RTSV causes mild symptoms by itself, but in the presence of...

eyeglass prescriptions. Every corrective lens prescription includes a spherical correction in diopters. Convergent powers are positive (e.g., +4.00 D)...

^{2}\phi =0\ } If   ϕ   {\displaystyle \ \phi \ } only depends on the radial spherical coordinate,   r   , {\displaystyle \ r\ ,} and is time-independent, then...

commercial fusion energy in the 2030s through the combined development of spherical tokamaks with high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets. It is also...

Coxeter planes. The rhombicosidodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This...

others in two other polyhedra, to define his 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron. Being a Catalan solid with triangular faces, the disdyakis...

representation theory and quantum mechanics. It states that matrix elements of spherical tensor operators in the basis of angular momentum eigenstates can be expressed...

Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative...

many different types of implants, classification ranging from shape (spherical vs egg (oval) shaped), stock vs custom, porous vs nonporous, specific...

on a celestial sphere, if the object's distance is unknown or trivial. Spherical coordinates, projected on the celestial sphere, are analogous to the geographic...

also appreciated that an anisotropic surface free energy implied a non-spherical equilibrium shape, which should be thermodynamically defined as the shape...

Greek ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids...

With an appropriate definition of curvature, the theorem also applies in spherical geometry and hyperbolic geometry. In higher dimensions, an analogous quadratic...

-particle emission in a cloud chamber. The emission process is isotropic, a spherical wave in quantum mechanics, but the tracks observed are linear. As Mott...

conjecture states that a closed 3-manifold with finite fundamental group is spherical, i.e. has a Riemannian metric of constant positive sectional curvature...

Colloidal silicas are suspensions of fine amorphous, nonporous, and typically spherical silica particles in a liquid phase. It may be produced by Stöber process...

surface. The shape of a drop falling through a gas is actually more or less spherical for drops less than 2 mm in diameter. Larger drops tend to be flatter...

distortion is minimized throughout the region of interest. Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed to an equidistant conic projection with rectangular...

axiom sets can yield other geometries, such as projective, elliptic, spherical or affine geometry. Axioms of continuity and "betweenness" are also optional;...

However, the focus of a spherical reflector will not be a point focus because it suffers from a phenomenon known as spherical aberration. Some concentrating...

{\displaystyle n} ⁠-sphere is the setting for ⁠ n {\displaystyle n} ⁠-dimensional spherical geometry. Considered extrinsically, as a hypersurface embedded in ⁠ (...

nucleus, branching into limbs and foliage that intertwine, forming a spherical structure possibly dozens of kilometers across. Dyson trees are mentioned...

of the reflector have different radii to correct the aberration of the spherical mirror. Light passes through the glass twice, making the overall system...

example assumes a negative cylinder sign convention): Power 1 is the spherical value, and power 2 is the steeper power of the astigmatic axis: Corrected...

Phaenomena is a work by Euclid on spherical astronomy. The book is divided into 18 propositions, each dealing with "the important arcs on the celestial...

Laddu or laddoo is a spherical sweet from the Indian subcontinent made of various ingredients and sugar syrup or jaggery. It has been described as "perhaps...

transformed into the malleable form. Carbon agglomerates into small roughly spherical aggregates of graphite, leaving a matrix of ferrite or pearlite according...

scattered off a single stationary target particle. Conventionally, a spherical coordinate system is used, with the target placed at the origin and the...

in the center. The resulting tesselation has 4 × 6=24 spherical triangles (it is the spherical disdyakis cube). These groups are finite, which corresponds...

cross-section, the shape of the meniscus will approximate a section of a spherical surface, while for a large container, most of the upper surface of the...

In general relativity, Birkhoff–Jebsen's theorem states that any spherically symmetric solution of the vacuum field equations must be static and asymptotically...

903 mi) at the poles. The word spheroid originally meant "an approximately spherical body", admitting irregularities even beyond the bi- or tri-axial ellipsoidal...

attacker's approach difficult and hazardous. Early barrage balloons were often spherical. The kite balloon, having a shape and cable bridling that stabilizes the...

field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished in 1915, the same year that Einstein...

example, the Ritchey–Chrétien design); and either or both mirrors may be spherical or elliptical for ease of manufacturing. The Cassegrain reflector is named...

when the focal length is smaller, the shearing effect is larger. The spherical mirror—e.g., a satellite dish—can be described as a LCT, with [ a b c...

cosmological concepts in the flat Earth paradigm, along with the modern spherical Earth view of the Solar System. The created world, Eä, includes the planet...

cases become planar or spherical simple open chain, M = ∑ i = 1 j   f i , {\displaystyle M=\sum _{i=1}^{j}\ f_{i},} planar or spherical simple closed chain...

rings. A juggling ball refers to any juggling object that is roughly spherical in nature. Beanbags The most common type of juggling ball. Juggling beanbags...

lens. The asphere's more complex surface profile can reduce or eliminate spherical aberration and also reduce other optical aberrations such as astigmatism...

the planar law of cosines from plane trigonometry, or the spherical law of cosines in spherical trigonometry. It can also be related to the relativistic...

Airsoft pellets (known as BBs) are spherical projectiles used by airsoft guns. Typically made of plastic, they usually measure around 6 mm (0.24 in) in...

Chief Scientist and the Chief Engineer of the Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in China. He was an IAU member, where he was the Vice-President...

up cherry bomb in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A cherry bomb is a spherical firework. Cherry bomb may also refer to: Cherry Bomb (film), a 2011 American...

The squirmer is a model for a spherical microswimmer swimming in Stokes flow. The squirmer model was introduced by James Lighthill in 1952 and refined...

flat faces that approximate a spherical polyhedron constructed from geodesic triangles. In Magnus Wenninger's Spherical Models, polyhedra are given geodesic...

connected Riemann surface can be given one of three geometries (Euclidean, spherical, or hyperbolic). In three dimensions, it is not always possible to assign...

Struycken is an avid photographer. He maintains a website devoted to his spherical panoramas and shares a photography blog with Josh Korwin. He and his wife...

cardinal direction, most commonly north, in a local or observer-centric spherical coordinate system. Mathematically, the relative position vector from an...

Thomson problem of minimizing the total Coulomb energy of electrons in a spherical arrangement. Thus far, solutions have been proven only for small numbers...

cylindrical coordinate system adds a second distance coordinate, and the spherical coordinate system adds a second angular coordinate. Grégoire de Saint-Vincent...

circular opening enclosed by a rim and leads to the instrument via a semi-spherical or conical cavity called the cup. From the cup, a smaller opening (the...

numbers in base 10 are 0, 8, 88, 688, 4688... A trimorphic number or spherical number occurs when the polynomial function is f ( x ) = x 3 {\displaystyle...

refractive power. The lens and cornea of an eye without astigmatism are nearly spherical, with only a single radius of curvature, and any refractive errors present...

The Arecibo Telescope was a 305 m (1,000 ft) spherical reflector radio telescope built into a natural sinkhole at the Arecibo Observatory located near...

any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria and can contain...

Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia)...

In geometry, the 25 great circles of the spherical octahedron is an arrangement of 25 great circles in octahedral symmetry. It was first identified by...

Orthorubulavirus Genus: Pararubulavirus Rubulavirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 150 nm. Rubulavirus genomes are linear...

writing surface for exploring spherical geometry, invented by Hungarian István Lénárt as a modern replacement for a spherical blackboard. It can be used...

constructed in 2003; several more followed. Putting such machines inside spherical projection screens, and by the principle of the so-called sky transform...

SUNIST (or Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak) is a small spherical tokamak in the Department of Engineering Physics of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China...

fragmentation matrix inside the grenade is commonly used, which may be spherical, cuboid, wire, or notched wire. Most anti-personnel (AP) grenades are...

sphere. The two-point equidistant projection maps a family of confocal spherical conics onto two families of planar ellipses and hyperbolas. The projection...

degree of precision in his computation. The Earth's shape deviates from spherical by flattening, but by only about 0.3%. Measurement of Earth's circumference...

traditional Chinese medicine product made from several herbs formed into tiny spherical pills about 4 mm in diameter. It is used as a remedy for the relief of...

and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot. The percussion cap is a small cylinder of copper...

Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical, and green or green-purple fruit. Tomatillos originated in Mexico and...

distances or ranges might be ordinary Euclidean distances (slant ranges) or spherical distances (scaled central angles), as in true-range multilateration; or...

and he developed spherical trigonometry into its present form. He listed the six distinct cases of a right-angled triangle in spherical trigonometry, and...

government is based in the town of Pinghu. The Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is located in the southwestern part of Pingtan County...

it). In 1991, START was built at Culham, UK, as the first purpose-built spherical tokamak. This was essentially a spheromak with an inserted central rod...

size from a thumbtip up to the size of a golf ball, and can range from spherical to slightly oblong in shape. Although usually red, other colours such...

structure of the almost spherical thyroid follicle. Thyroid follicular cells form a simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical thyroid follicles...

subcontinent. Made either of wood or metal, it consists essentially of a spherical head mounted on a shaft, with a spike on the top. Outside India, the gada...

centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek...

two forks (a.k.a. yokes, one driving and one driven) and the two semi-spherical sliding pieces (one called male or spigot swivel and another called female...

investigations in the USSR and Japan. Work on the abstract theory of spherical functions published in 1952 proved very influential in subsequent work...

Unlike a spherical mirror, a bundle of parallel rays parallel to the optical axis will be perfectly focused to a point (the mirror is free of spherical aberration)...

the Weyl identity or angular spectrum expansion, expresses an outgoing spherical wave as a linear combination of plane waves. In a Cartesian coordinate...

planes. The truncated icosidodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This...

stability, the cloud must be in hydrostatic equilibrium, which in case of a spherical cloud translates to d p d r = − G ρ ( r ) M enc ( r ) r 2 , {\displaystyle...

Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation constrains the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material which is in static gravitational...

constraints that are imposed by joints connecting these bodies. Imagine a spherical seagull. A single unconstrained body soaring in 3-space has 6 degrees...

and Chebyshev distance, two forms of non-Euclidean geometry. Although spherical geometry and hyperbolic geometry both lack polygons with four equal sides...

purely by the pumping effect of the grooves, whereas journal, conical and spherical forms also get extra pressure generation by the hydrodynamic bearing wedge...

considered to be spherical with an outer boundary (called a parkān), an idea that likely goes back to Sumerians. The Earth is also spherical and exists within...

production, one of the updates was a change from a "heart shaped" to a "HEMI" spherical combustion chamber. The only mechanical differences from the M103 3.0...

compound of five octahedra arranged in icosahedral symmetry (Ih). The spherical and stereographic projections of this compound look the same as those...

microscope) or, further down in scale, a collection of molecules in a roughly spherical shape (as viewed through an electron microscope). An example of a physical...

created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront...

efficient method must be used to encode this data, such as spherical harmonics. When spherical harmonics are used to approximate the light transport function...

suggested that Nintendo commission a large-scale Mario game. The concept of spherical platforms originated from Super Mario 128, a tech demo for the GameCube...

levitation of 1-3mm diameter spherical samples without the need for active control mechanisms. These systems allow spherical samples to be levitated by...

gravity-blocking substance (cavorite) that the pair then use to construct a spherical spacecraft to reach the Moon, hoping to find valuable minerals. The work...

first divides point groups into three kinds: asymmetric, symmetric and spherical tops. These are categories based on the angular momentum of molecules...

Kaaba, and allows the exact calculation (hisab) of the qibla using a spherical trigonometric formula that takes the coordinates of a location and of...

City contains three clusters of large spherical boulders. These three clusters contain a total of 200 spherical boulders. It has been designated as a...

Æbleskiver (Danish pronunciation: [ˈeːpləˌskiːwɐ], [singular: æbleskive]) are spherical Danish snacks made from fried batter. The name literally means "apple...

abstractions for the surface between two geographic points are: Flat surface; Spherical surface; Ellipsoidal surface. All abstractions above ignore changes in...

physics, Slater integrals are certain integrals of products of three spherical harmonics. They occur naturally when applying an orthonormal basis of...

True-range multilateration (also termed range–range multilateration and spherical multilateration) is a method to determine the location of a movable vehicle...

Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors...

Solar System after Triton. Phoebe is roughly spherical and has a differentiated interior. It was spherical and hot early in its history and was battered...

at 5° elevation. It could also fire canister shot, common shell, and spherical case shot. The 12-pounder Napoleon outclassed and soon replaced the M1841...

2021-02-09. Retrieved 2021-02-09. "Introducing the Zijing Qingyuan Armored Spherical Cabin Electric Patrol Vehicle". 28 November 2014. "Qingyuan Baoqi". "Qingyuan...

(1843) with A. linnaei as the type species based on its formation of spherical aggregations, but all the Aegagropila species were transferred to subgenus...

Klerksdorp spheres are small objects, often spherical to disc-shaped, that have been collected by miners and rockhounds from 3-billion-year-old pyrophyllite...

1948 wood engraving Stars. The tetragonal trapezohedron also exists as a spherical tiling, with 2 vertices on the poles, and alternating vertices equally...

x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}} , but his attempted proof of the theorem was incorrect. The spherical law of sines may have also been discovered by Khujandi, but it is uncertain...

McDonald Observatory, with some changes in its design, especially to the spherical aberration corrector. The main purpose for these changes was to improve...

relativistic wavelength of the electron wave, C s {\displaystyle C_{s}} = The spherical aberration of the objective lens The contrast transfer function can also...

projection algorithm begins with the selection of three base points to form a spherical triangle minimally enclosing the area to be mapped. These points are mapped...

hydrocyclones, then dried to powder. Potato starch contains typical large oval spherical granules ranging in size from 5 to 100 μm. Potato starch is a refined...

this telescope design, a spherical primary mirror is combined with a Schmidt corrector plate, which corrects the spherical aberration and holds the secondary...

array technology for beamforming, most USCT systems utilize unfocused spherical waves for imaging. Most USCT systems aiming for 3D-imaging, either by...

distance of a point. A nearest neighbor function can be contrasted with a spherical contact distribution function, which is not defined in reference to some...

Ptolemy but on a derivative world map, presumably in Syriac or Arabic. The spherical law of sines was discovered in the 10th century: it has been attributed...

Axel Carlander and Knut Johansson Mark, following the invention of the spherical ball bearing by engineer Sven Gustaf Wingquist. He was an operations engineer...

− d 0 = d i {\displaystyle -d_{0}=d_{i}} Concave and Convex mirrors (spherical mirrors) are also able to produce images similar to a plane mirror. However...

most missile warheads. These use mostly cylindrical explosive charges. A spherical charge, initiated at its center, will accelerate a surrounding flyer shell...

be visualized as making a spherical cut or scoop, centered on the vertex. The cut surface or vertex figure is thus a spherical polygon marked on this sphere...

to fit the measurements to a set of spherical harmonics. This was first done by Carl Friedrich Gauss. Spherical harmonics are functions that oscillate...

approximates a spherical wavefront. A smaller aperture implements a closer approximation of a point source, which in turn produces a more nearly spherical wavefront...

field it generally threw a Jam Tin Grenade, No. 15 Ball grenade, No. 21 "Spherical" grenade or No. 28 chemical grenade, equipped with a slightly longer fuse...

nuclear physics a superdeformed nucleus is a nucleus that is very far from spherical, forming an ellipsoid with axes in ratios of approximately 2:1:1. Normal...

confinement to hold plasma. START was the first full-sized machine to use the spherical tokamak design, which aimed to greatly reduce the aspect ratio of the...

by Isidore make it clear that he considered the Earth to be spherical. Indeed, the spherical Earth had been the prevailing scholarly assumption since at...