Hazard affecting shack settlements in South Africa
Fire is a serious hazard in shack settlements in South Africa.[1] It has been argued that "On average in South Africa over the last five years there are ten shack fires a day with someone dying in a shack fire every other day."[2] In 2011, 151 were reported to have been killed in shack fires in Cape Town.[3] It was reported that in 2014, 2,090 people burned to death in the Gauteng province, "many of them in shack fires that sweep through informal settlements".[4]
Causes of shack fires
Shack fires are often termed accidents but this has been contested by shack dweller's organisations.[5] Martin J. Murray argues that by "recruiting human frailty or sheer accident to their cause, key city-builders have been able to rationalize municipal policy-choices that have accomplished little toward changing the circumstances under which the urban poor—who bear the awful brunt of these continuing cycles of death and destruction — tend to invariably find themselves in harm’s way."[6]
Matt Birkinshaw lists the key reasons for shack fires as lack of land, lack of housing, denial of access to electricity, adequate water and to adequate emergency services.[7]
Responses to shack fires
The charitable NGO 'Children of Fire' offers support for victims of fires, and in particular to children.[8]
The shack dwellers' social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo has campaigned against what it perceives as the failure of the state to address the problem of shack fires[9] and organised people to connect themselves directly to the electricity grid.[10][11]
See also
Lumkani, a social enterprise launched by South African Students to deliver a networked heat detector device to decrease risks of fire in rural and urban informal settlements.
Murray, Martin J. (2009). "Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 33 (1): 165–192. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x.
Selmeczi, Anna (2009). "… we are being left to burn because we do not count" : Biopolitics, Abandonment, and Resistance". Global Society. 23 (4): 519–538. doi:10.1080/13600820903198933.
^Murray, Martin J. (2009). "Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 33 (1): 165–192. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x.
