Rhythm 0

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Rhythm 0 was a six-hour long endurance art performance by the Serbian performance artist Marina Abramović performed in Naples in 1974.^[1] The work involved Abramović standing still while the audience was invited to do to her whatever they wished, using one of 72 objects she had placed on a table. These included a rose, feather, perfume, honey, bread, grapes, wine, scissors, a scalpel, nails, a metal bar, a gun, and a bullet.^[2][3]

There were no separate stages. Abramović and the visitors stood in the same space, making it clear that the latter were part of the work.^[4] The purpose of the piece, she said, was to find out how far the public would go: "What is the public about and what are they going to do in this kind of situation?"^[5]

Her instructions were:

Instructions:
There are 72 objects on the table that one can use on me as desired.
Performance.
I am the object...
During this period I take full responsibility.

Duration: 6 hours (8 pm – 2 am).^[6]

Abramović said the work "pushed her body to the limits".^[5] Visitors were gentle to begin with, offering her a rose or a kiss.^[2] Art critic Thomas McEvilley, who was present, wrote:

"It began tamely. Someone turned her around. Someone thrust her arms into the air. Someone touched her somewhat intimately. The Neapolitan night began to heat up. In the third hour all her clothes were cut from her with razor sharp blades. In the fourth hour the same blades began to explore her skin. Her throat was slashed so someone could suck her blood. Various minor sexual assaults were carried out on her body. She was so committed to the piece that she would not have resisted rape or murder. Faced with her abdication of will, with its implied collapse of human psychology, a protective group began to define itself in the audience. When a loaded gun was thrust to Marina's head and her own finger was being worked around the trigger, a fight broke out between the audience factions."^[7]

As Abramović described it later: "What I learned was that ... if you leave it up to the audience, they can kill you ... I felt really violated: they cut up my clothes, stuck rose thorns in my stomach, one person aimed the gun at my head, and another took it away. It created an aggressive atmosphere. After exactly 6 hours, as planned, I stood up and started walking toward the audience. Everyone ran away, to escape an actual confrontation."^[8][9]

In the work, Marina explored the physical and mental limits of her being. In this she withstood pain, exhaustion, and danger in her exploration of an emotional and spiritual transformation. This performance was inspired by the contradictions of her childhood: both parents were high-ranking officials in the socialist government, while her grandmother, with whom she had lived, was devoutly Serbian Orthodox.^[10]

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Rhythm 0 ranked ninth among the all-time best performance art pieces in a 2013 list by Complex magazine.^[11]

• Endurance art
• The Death of The Artist
• Empathy and Prostitution
• Stanford prison experiment
• Milgram experiment
• Cut Piece 1964

• Marina Abramovic on performing Rhythm 0 (1974)
• Guggenheim catalog on Rhythm 0 (1974)