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properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics...

same monomer unit, whereas polymers that consist of more than one monomer unit are referred to as copolymers (or co-polymers). Homopolymers A + A + A +...

Silyl-modified polymers (SMP; also silane-modified polymers, modified-silane polymers, MS polymers, silane-terminated polymers, etc.) are polymers terminating...

article.[citation needed] Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast majority of these polymers are formed from chains of carbon atoms, with or without...

Nylon is a family of synthetic polymers characterized by amide linkages, typically connecting aliphatic or semi-aromatic groups. Nylons are generally brownish...

In polymer chemistry, condensation polymers are any kind of polymers whose process of polymerization involves a condensation reaction (i.e. a small molecule...

superabsorbent polymer can reach the order of 1000:1. Superabsorbent polymers for water are frequently polyelectrolytes. Superabsorbent polymers are crosslinked...

the mechanical behavior of WPCs is most similar to neat polymers. Neat polymers are polymerized without added solvents. This means that WPCs have a lower...

conversion to the polymer; the center of activity is retained in the adduct. Monomers continue to add in the same way until polymers Pi* are formed with...

Examples are electrostrictive polymers and dielectric elastomers. Ferroelectric polymers are a group of crystalline polar polymers that are also ferroelectric...

morphology on the microcellular foam structure of semicrystalline polymers". Polymer Engineering & Science. 36 (21): 2645–62. Bibcode:1996PESci..36.2645D...

Carbohydrate Polymers is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the entire scope of carbohydrate polymers and the research and exploitation of...

between 10 and 80%, with crystallized polymers often called "semi-crystalline". The properties of semi-crystalline polymers are determined not only by the degree...

Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms. Whereas most polymers are designed for longevity, biodegradable...

are made of a synthetic polymer, polyethylene terephthalate. The plastic kits and covers are mostly made of synthetic polymers like polythene, and tires...

pounds of polymers produced in the United States were produced by radical polymerization. Radical polymerization is a type of chain polymerization, along...

ring-opening polymerization of lactide [–C(CH 3)HC(=O)O–] 2, the cyclic dimer of the basic repeating unit. Often PLA is blended with other polymers. PLA can...

ISBN 1569901570, ISBN 978-1569901571 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers (Plastics Design Library), William Andrew...

In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl (H2C=CHR) monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain...

Retrieved 18 September 2013. "MBA Polymer Articles of Incorporation CA Secretary of State". "MBA Polymers". MBA Polymers. "Amended articles of Incorporation...

ladder polymer the monomers are interconnected by four bonds. Inorganic ladder polymers are found in synthetic and natural settings. Ladder polymers are...

Conductive polymers or, more precisely, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are organic polymers that conduct electricity. Such compounds may have...

Repulsions between like charges cause the polymers to change shape. Polyacids, also known as anionic polymers, are polymers that have acidic groups. Examples...

significant in vinyl polymers of the type -H 2C-CH(R)-, where each repeating unit contains a substituent R attached to one side of the polymer backbone. The...

structure of the polymer. Some materials have excellent stability, such as fluoropolymers, polyimides, silicones and certain acrylate polymers. However, global...

length of the polymer, the progress of reactions, and in what ways the polymer branches. Polymers can be classified in many ways. Polymers, strictly speaking...

affects the optical properties of the polymers, its optical band gap and electronic levels. Common synthetic polymers have main chains composed of carbon...

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state (temporary shape) to their original (permanent)...

Polymer degradation is the lowering of a polymer, such as strength, caused by changes in its chemical composition. Polymers and particularly plastics...

Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and...

Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are polymers with the property of liquid crystal, usually containing aromatic rings as mesogens. Despite uncrosslinked LCPs...

Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms. Like other polymers, biopolymers consist of monomeric units that are covalently...

organic polysulfide polymers. Thiokol polymers are used as an elastomer in seals and sealants. The distinction between the polymers first commercialized...

rise to polymers with high crystallinity, tacticity, and purity. Topochemical polymerisation can also be used to synthesise unique polymers such as polydiacetylene...

the mixing of the individual polymers at a molecular level. While miscible polymers mix favorably, immiscible polymers remain separate within the blend...

Living polymerization, the synthesis of polymers with specific architectures becomes more and more facile. Architectures such as star polymers, comb polymers...

imide-based polymers have a high proportion of aromatic structures in the main chain and belong to the class of thermally stable polymers. Such polymers contain...

Temperature-responsive polymers or thermoresponsive polymers are polymers that exhibit drastic and discontinuous changes in their physical properties with...

cross-linking, liquid preceramic polymers transform into rigid thermoset polymers that preserve their shape through the following polymer-to-ceramic transformation...

An acrylate polymer (also known as acrylic or polyacrylate) is any of a group of polymers prepared from acrylate monomers. These plastics are noted for...

and reduce challenges to push polymeric active materials further towards practicality in batteries. Many types of polymers are being explored, including...

having a C=C double bond). The most prevalent addition polymers are polyolefins, i.e. polymers derived by the conversion of olefins (alkenes) to long-chain...

of a certain polymer has a unique feature: all polymers are considered independent from each other, so that interactions between polymers may be neglected...

derivatives, can undergo ROP. Ring-opening polymerization has been used since the beginning of the 1900s to produce polymers. Synthesis of polypeptides which has...

Supramolecular polymers are a subset of polymers where the monomeric units are connected by reversible and highly directional secondary interactions–that...

Fire-safe polymers are polymers that are resistant to degradation at high temperatures. There is need for fire-resistant polymers in the construction...

compressing these chains. Emulsion polymerization is used to make several commercially important polymers. Many of these polymers are used as solid materials...

that occurs when polymers reacts with atmospheric oxygen. Aerobic degradation occurs gradually at room temperature, but almost all polymers are at risk of...

shift to implementing polymeric materials, a greater understanding of failure mechanisms for these polymers is needed . Polymers may exhibit some inherently...

IUPAC Polymer Nomenclature are standardized naming conventions for polymers set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and described...

Depolymerizable polymers or Low-Ceiling Temperature Polymers refer to polymeric materials that can undergo depolymerization to revert the materials to...

thickness with solvent insoluble polymers. In as early as the 1870s "polymers" formed by this process were known, but these polymers were initially thought of...

approaches can yield results and are often pertinent, since large polymers (i.e., polymers with many monomers) are describable efficiently in the thermodynamic...

Polymer clay is a type of hardenable modeling clay based on the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It typically contains no clay minerals, but like mineral...

Concrete (PMC). Polymers in concrete have been overseen by Committee 548 of the American Concrete Institute since 1971. The term "polymer-based concrete"...

Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in....

Polymers is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering polymer science. It was established in 2009 and is published monthly by MDPI. The...

organic components are sometimes called hybrid polymers, and most so-called inorganic polymers are hybrid polymers. One of the best known examples is polydimethylsiloxane...

potential voids. Coordination polymers are relevant to many fields, having many potential applications. Coordination polymers can be classified in a number...

suggested by Barry Trost. Living polymerizations are used in the commercial synthesis of many polymers. Copolymers are polymers consisting of multiple different...

initially used to make the polymer. During the last few decades, two types of reversible polymers have been studied: (i) polymers where the pendant groups...

Viton, combine the advantages of both. Energetic polymers (e.g. nitro or azido derivates of polymers) can be used as a binder to increase the explosive...

up Polymer or polymer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeating subunits. Polymer or Polymers may...

and PU) is a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene...

eventually long-chain polymers. Many naturally occurring and some synthetic polymers are produced by step-growth polymerization, such as polyesters, polyamides...

other families of polymers because 2D polymers can be isolated as multilayer crystals or as individual sheets. The term 2D polymer has also been used...

method leads to polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Cowie, J.; Arrighi, V. Polymers: Chemistry and Physics...

polymerizing manner endows sequence-controlled polymers with particular properties and thereby, sequence-controlled polymers-based applications (e.g. information...

petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description...

carbonized polymers like PAN, but the end product is almost pure carbon. Silicon carbide fibers, where the basic polymers are not hydrocarbons but polymers, where...

polymerization, polymers remain in solution until they reach a critical molecular weight (MW), at which point they precipitate. These initial polymer...

(2011). "Cross-Linking of Polymers: Kinetics and Transport Phenomena". Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50. "Introduction to polymers: 5.4 Dynamic mechanical properties"...

Polymer solutions are solutions containing dissolved polymers. These may exist as liquid solutions (e.g. in aqueous solution), or as solid solutions (e...

or synthetic polymers available and the advanced techniques developed to process such systems to nanofibres, rods, tubes etc. make polymers a good platform...

joint polymerization of more than one kind of polymer. A new polymers modification process, based on a simple mechanical mixture of two polymers first...

cationically polymerized are lactones, lactams and cyclic amines. Upon addition of an initiator, cyclic monomers go on to form linear polymers. The reactivity...

degree of polymerization chain transfer to solvent or to another solute (a modifier or regulator also decreases the degree of polymerization Polymers with...

high-performance elastomers manufactured by Kraton Polymers, and used as synthetic replacements for rubber. Kraton polymers offer many of the properties of natural...

class of polymers consists of natural polymers with inherent antimicrobial activity and polymers modified to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Polymers are generally...

applications. The binding polymer is often a thermoset resin such as epoxy, but other thermoset or thermoplastic polymers, such as polyester, vinyl ester...

In polymers, such as plastics, thermal degradation refers to a type of polymer degradation where damaging chemical changes take place at elevated temperatures...

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a unique class of microporous material developed by research efforts led by Neil McKeown, Peter Budd, et...

Ghosh, Manojit (2022). "Polymer-Ceramic Composite Electrolyte for Li-Ion Batteries". Encyclopedia of Materials: Plastics and Polymers. Elsevier. pp. 1031–1039...

Photoconductive polymers absorb electromagnetic radiation and produce an increase of electrical conductivity. Photoconductive polymers have been used in...

or OSTE+ polymers, differ from the OSTE-polymers in that they have two separated curing steps. After the first UV-initiated step, the polymer is rubbery...

action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen, which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin, together with platelets, forms a hemostatic plug or clot...

links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural...

RAFT polymerization can be used to design polymers of complex architectures, such as linear block copolymers, comb-like, star, brush polymers, dendrimers...

macromolecule may be termed a ‘’brush macromolecule’’. In polymer chemistry, graft polymers are segmented copolymers with a linear backbone of one composite...

pyrolysis of preceramic polymers. In the families of preceramic polymers, polysiloxanes are the most famous preceramic polymers. The backbones comprise...

polymerization has a great impact on the physical properties of vinyl polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene compared to the same polymers prepared...

The situation is very different with polymers where the backbone consists solely of C-C bonds. These polymers include polyethylene, but also polypropylene...

Polymer gradient materials (PGM) are a class of polymers with gradually changing mechanical properties along a defined direction creating an anisotropic...

Intrinsic polymeric fullerene (homopolymer), Main-chain polymers, Side-chain polymers, Star polymers, Crosslinked polymers, End-caped polymers. Fullerene...

Helmut (2006), "Synthesis of Phenol Polymers Using Peroxidases", Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polymers, Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 194, Berlin/Heidelberg:...

device. In the development of applications of biodegradable polymers, the chemistry of some polymers including synthesis and degradation is reviewed below....

Dhabi Polymers Co Ltd (Borouge) – a production company based in Abu Dhabi – and Borouge Pte Ltd based in Singapore. CEO of Abu Dhabi Polymers Co Ltd...

Ferroelectric polymers are a group of crystalline polar polymers that are also ferroelectric, meaning that they maintain a permanent electric polarization...

In polymer chemistry and materials science, dendronized polymers (British English: dendronised polymers; from dendro- 'tree') are linear polymers to every...

conducting polymers, which is nearly comparable with metallic conductors, only starts when the polymers are doped oxidatively or reductively. A polymer electrolyte...

these polymers have other applications. The structures of several of these polymers are shown in the adjacent image. Showcases several of these polymers. Other...

bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride produces isotactic polymers whereas its chiral variant produces syndiotactic polymers. The attachment of bulky ligands to the metal...

acrylate) (PBA) Acrylate monomers are used to form acrylate polymers. Most commonly, these polymers are in fact copolymers, being derived from two monomers...

form metallic fibers. Electrospinning Hollow fiber membrane Spinning (polymers) Textiles Thermal cleaning Spinneret Li, Norman N. (2008). Advanced membrane...

polymerization of monomers in the presence of a template molecule that is extracted afterwards, leaving behind complementary cavities. These polymers...

reaction by-products and water from polymers. When exiting a reactor after a polymerization reaction, many polymers still contain undesired low-molecular...

Penczek, Stanisław; Stepto, Robert F. T. (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)"...

Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymers are a new class of polymer architecture with a general structure consisting of multiple intramolecular cyclization...

A thermoset polymer matrix is a synthetic polymer reinforcement where polymers act as binder or matrix to secure in place incorporated particulates, fibres...

copolymers. Additionally many nylon polymers are miscible with one another allowing the creation of blends. Production of polymers requires the repeated joining...

Cardo polymers are a sub group of polymers where ring structures are pendent to the polymer backbone. The backbone carbons bonded to the pendent ring...

pedant monosaccharides are examples of heparin mimicking polymers. Heparin mimicking polymers can also be used to create biomaterials for surgical application...

orientation. This may be done while the polymer is still solidifying or after it has completely cooled. Spinneret (polymers) Manufacturing: Synthetic and Cellulosic...

calendering, and extrusion. Thermoplastics differ from thermosetting polymers (or "thermosets"), which form irreversible chemical bonds during the curing...

to deformation of the polymer. Glass reinforced polymers are strongest and most resistive to deforming forces when the polymers fibres are parallel to...

di-end-functional polymers. All polymers resulting from living polymerization are end-functional but may not necessarily be telechelic. Telechelic polymers with different...

though the polymer used had 2 limitations; low conductivity and the difficulty of injecting electrons. Later development of conjugated polymers would allow...

terms of formulation. It is used for most step-growth polymers and many types of chain-growth polymers. In the case of chain-growth reactions, which are generally...

D. W.; Te Nijenhuis, K. (eds.), "Chapter 2 - Typology of Polymers", Properties of Polymers (Fourth Edition), Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 7–47, doi:10...

properties of polymers". Molecules. 29 (14): 3410. doi:10.3390/molecules29143410. PMC 11280004. PMID 39064989. "Three Things that Make Polymers Different"...

multi-functional initiators facilitates the synthesis of lower-arm star polymers and telechelic polymers. External visible light stimulation ATRP has a high responding...

the USA in 1937. PVK was the first polymer whose photoconductivity was known. Starting in the 1960s, further polymers of this kind were sought. Polyvinylcarbazole...

"'Living' Polymers". Nature. 178 (1): 1168–1169. Bibcode:1956Natur.178.1168S. doi:10.1038/1781168a0. Szwarz, M. (2000). "Comments on "Living Polymerization: Rationale...

A polymeric foam is a special foam, in liquid or solidified form, formed from polymers. Examples include: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, the copolymers...

(carbon-based) molecules or polymers using synthetic strategies developed in the context of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. One of the promised...

In materials science, a polymer brush is the name given to a surface coating consisting of polymers tethered to a surface. The brush may be either in...

standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. The technique was developed by E....

experimental variables that can be modified in order to design specific polymers or modify polymer characteristics. Some of the more notable variables include the...

Laser welding of polymers is a set of methods used to join polymeric components through the use of a laser. It can be performed using CO2 lasers, Nd:YAG...

emulsions and latices, degradation of polymers, block co-polymers, hydrogels, foams, nanostructured polymers, as well as innovative synthesis and processing...

including polymer surfaces. A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits bound together by covalent bonds. In dilute solution, polymers form...

Smart inorganic polymers (SIPs) are hybrid or fully inorganic polymers with tunable (smart) properties such as stimuli responsive physical properties (shape...

are many polymers which have metallic electrical conduction, typically associated with extended aromatic components such as in the polymers indicated...

ISBN 978-0-08-045556-3. Ming Qiu Zhang; Min Zhi Rong (28 June 2011). Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 391–. ISBN 978-1-118-08258-4....

range of polymers have been used to address problems ranging from the prevention of desertification to the reinforcement of roadbeds. Polymers that have...

their purpose. Polymers are chemical compounds made up of a large number of identical components linked together like chains. Polymers are the raw materials...

UV light or excessive heat, which causes photo-oxidation of polymers that breaks polymer chains and causes the plastic to yellow and become brittle. Most...

of polymeric materials, which can be divided broadly into two categories according to their origin: natural or synthetic polymers. Natural polymers for...

Stanisław Penczek; Robert F. T. Stepto (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)"...

to create its respective form of polymer. The polymerization of one kind of monomer gives a homopolymer. Many polymers are copolymers, meaning that they...

doped polymers as easily processable and lightweight "plastic metals". Despite the promise of this polymer in the field of conductive polymers, many of...

polymers, forming polymers with radical groups that then react with additional monomers. The monomer chain extends until it reaches another polymer and...

the New Zealand dollar CSIRO Hybrid Paper Polymer Banknote Polymers Although the £5 Northern Bank polymer banknote was a one-off commemorative issued...

Vergnes, B. (2015). "Extrusion defects and flow instabilities of molten polymers". International Polymer Processing. 30 (1): 3–28. doi:10.3139/217.3011....

variety of short or continuous fibers bound together by a matrix of organic polymers. PMCs are designed to transfer loads between fibers of a matrix. Some of...

phenomenon typical of glassy amorphous polymers, but can also be observed in semicrystalline polymers. In thermosetting polymers crazing is less frequently observed...

of DMA is measurement of the glass transition temperature of polymers. Amorphous polymers have different glass transition temperatures, above which the...

olefin polymers were historically referred to as COC but are now recognized as distinct classes of polymers formed from different polymerization processes...

monomers to form polymers. This process requires dispersing medium, monomers, stabilizing agents, and initiators. Next, the polymers were swollen in ethanol...

efficiency for polymers. For HXS-1/PCBM solar cells, the effect was correlated with charge generation, transport and shelf-stability. Other polymers such as...

In polymer science, star-shaped polymers are the simplest class of branched polymers with a general structure consisting of several (at least three) linear...

Porous polymers are a class of porous media materials in which monomers form 2D and 3D polymers containing angstrom- to nanometer-scale pores formed by...

characterize the behaviour of most modern polymers), vulcanization, in common with the curing of other thermosetting polymers, is generally irreversible. Five...

molecules are polymers, or large, chain-like molecules. Polymers are produced by a process called polymerization. This process builds polymers up by sequentially...

registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A. Hylar is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A. "PCTFE plastic (polytetrafluoroethylene)...

extruded tubes made of high performance polymers such as PTFE, PEBAX, and polyimide. Another notable advantage of polymer solution casting technology is that...

plastics, e. g. nylon, are hygroscopic while others are not. Many engineering polymers are hygroscopic, including nylon, ABS, polycarbonate, cellulose, carboxymethyl...

Polyisobutene (polyisobutylene) is a class of organic polymers prepared by polymerization of isobutene. The polymers often have the formula Me3C[CH2CMe2]nH (Me =...

thermodynamic theory of polymer elasticity. Some examples of viscoelastic materials are amorphous polymers, semicrystalline polymers, biopolymers, metals...

semi-aromatic polyamides, sulfone polymers, ultra-high performance aromatic polymers, high-barrier polymers, polymer stabilizers and solvents used in automotive...

polymer physics, spherulites (from Greek sphaira = ball and lithos = stone) are spherical semicrystalline regions inside non-branched linear polymers...

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a sub-class of porous materials that are related to structures such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, and...

Polymers which are branched but not crosslinked are generally thermoplastic. Branching sometimes occurs spontaneously during synthesis of polymers; e...

distribution) and of polymers with unusual architecture such as star polymers and block copolymers and living cationic polymerization is therefore as such...

the different polymers with weak cohesion across these boundaries, compromising mechanical properties. In more extreme cases the polymers may degrade each...

observed at 80–320 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. Polymers are used for the delivery of drugs and proteins. Some types of polymers being tested now are poly(ethylene...

the tensile drawing of polymers. (since it allows study of the regime of stable necking). It may be noted that, for polymers, the strain is commonly...

thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers may be used. One of the most widely used thermoplastics is a polyamide polymer nylon. The first mouldable composite...

called polymerization, while the chains, or networks, are called polymers. The source compound is called a monomer. Two main groups of polymers exist:...

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471440264. ISBN 978-1-118-63389-2. Industrial polymers handbook : products...

supplier of petrochemicals ranging from basic distillates to specialty polymers. For example, it is a large producer of common plastics such as acrylonitrile...

organization of the European Polymer Congress, conferences, workshops and summer schools, and publishing of e-Polymers - the first on-line peer-reviewed...

application of coatings. A polymeric material can be functionalized by the addition of small moieties, oligomers, and even other polymers (grafting copolymers)...

glass transition temperature, for amorphous polymers, or the melting temperature, for semicrystalline polymers, is reached. Part melting begins; material...

with PTFE, the alkoxy substituents allow the polymer to be melt-processed. On a molecular level, PFA polymers have a smaller chain length and higher chain...

cloth. The plastic matrix may be a thermoset polymer matrix—most often based on thermosetting polymers such as epoxy, polyester resin, or vinyl ester...

This is true for step-growth polymerization of linear polymers. For chain-growth polymerization or for branched polymers, the Đ can be much higher. In...

are introduced into a linear polymer chain, a branched topology forms. Linear polymers are special types of branched polymers with zero junction nodes, but...

Accelerated photo-ageing of polymers in SEPAP units is the controlled polymer degradation and polymer coating degradation under lab or natural conditions...

science and the technology of reactive polymers (those with functional groups) including polymers and other polymers with specific chemical reactivity or...

called elastomers. Polymer chains are held together in these materials by relatively weak intermolecular bonds, which permit the polymers to stretch in response...

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPS establish...

Penczek, Stanisław; Stepto, Robert F. T. (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)"...

the lifetime are influenced by the molecular weight. For high duty polymers – polymers that have to fulfill elevated demands – not only the molecular weight...

biological application polymers. The polymers are the only known regular polyethers built up of carbohydrate units in main polymer chain. Photosynthetic...

Semiconductors". Polymers. Reinhold. pp. 125–158. Heeger, Alan (2001). "Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials"...

called high-impact polystyrene, or HIPS. Star (co)polymers are branched (co)polymers in which several polymer chains are connected to a central core. Block...

groups. Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits whose characteristics are governed by their environment and composition. Polymers encompass...

principle the plastics or their component polymers could be recycled back to monomers, from which polymers could be again made. In practice, polyolefins...

number of moles of each polymer species (Ni) and the molar mass (Mi) of that species. In linear polymers, the individual polymer chains rarely have exactly...

cross linked to yield preceramic polymers, which can be photopolymerised for the additive manufacturing of polymer derived ceramics by stereolithography...

energy of inter-dispersing polymer and solvent molecules. This equation combines the entropic penalty for mixing polymers (the first two terms in the...

all polymers and the functionality of those end groups can be important in determining the application of polymers. Each type of polymerization (free...

countries across 5 continents. The company offers a portfolio of polymers, engineering polymers, chemicals, plasticizers and specialty products. The company’s...

also focused on polymers derived from ethyl, isobutyl, octadecyl substituents in place of methyl. Like other vinyl polymers, the polymers exhibit tacticity...

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks are distinguished from interpenetrating polymer networks because the constituent linear or branched polymers can, in principle...

review papers on topic of the physics and chemistry of polymers. In 2006, it launched the polymer nanotechnology section. Richard Hoogenboom (Ghent University)...

often necessary to separate polymers, both to analyze them as well as to purify the desired product. When characterizing polymers, it is important to consider...

of several varieties of polyethylene (PE). PE's, the dominant synthetic polymer, are produced in many forms that differ in terms of molecular weight, branching...

(2012). "Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl acetate) and Related Polymers". Advances in Polymer Science. 245: 137–172. doi:10.1007/12_2011_153. ISBN 978-3-642-27153-3...

by Saudi Aramco. It is active in petrochemicals, chemicals, industrial polymers and fertilizers. It is the second largest public company in the Middle...

The Society of Polymer Science is a Japanese non-profit organization that studies polymer science with a focus on Japan but also internationally. The Society...

coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC. Methacrylate polymers are used...

release that the themes of the album are "the problems and benefits of polymers" as well as "the natural versus the synthetic, silk and silicone, the significant...

benzene.) Vinyl groups can polymerize with the aid of a radical initiator or a catalyst, forming vinyl polymers. Vinyl polymers contain no vinyl groups....

polymer, rather than being part of the polymer. It was commonly thought that plasticizers work by embedding themselves between the chains of polymers...

oligonucleotides. Sequence-defined polymers constitute therefore a subclass of the field of sequence-controlled polymers. Lutz, Jean-François; Ouchi, Makoto;...

Styrene-butane co-polymers can be produced with a low butene content. Styrene-butane co-polymers include PS-I and SBC (see below), both co-polymers are impact...

-[CH2-CH2]- since this polymer is made from the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2). More complex repeat units can occur in vinyl polymers -[CH2-CHR]n-, if one hydrogen...

spectroscopy is especially useful for assessing oxidation of polymers, such as the polymer degradation caused by faulty injection moulding. The spectrum...

polymerize the liquid oligomers into insoluble cross-linked network polymers or decompose the already solid polymers into liquid products. Polymers that...

heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts have been developed for different polymers and mechanisms. Heterogeneous catalysts are typical in large-scale commercial...

(co)polymers as the most frequently occurring class of water-soluble polymers in these products, accounting for roughly half of all identified polymers by...

Leichner, C; Jelkmann, M; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2019). "Thiolated polymers: Bioinspired polymers utilizing one of the most important bridging structures in nature"...

formed by ring-opening polymerization; this makes it a special case in the comparison between condensation and addition polymers. Its competition with...

small for large polymers. The amount of polymer in the solvent-rich/polymer-poor coexisting phase is extremely small for long polymers. The solvent-rich...

Polymers and plastics known as polymer substrates are used for banknotes and other everyday products. The banknote is more durable than paper, won't become...

ranges from synthesis, analysis and modification of polymers to theory, modeling and processing of polymers. The institute's research results provide the basis...

carbons) or hexoses (six carbons). Polymers containing three to ten sugars are typically considered oligosaccharides. Polymers of more than ten sugars are called...

water-soluble polymers, while gel permeation chromatography is used to analyze the molecular weight distribution of organic-soluble polymers. Either technique...

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PDots) are assembled from hydrophobic fluorescent conjugated polymers, along with amphiphilic polymers to provide water...

the smallest polyoxymethylene, the polymerization product of formaldehyde with a typical degree of polymerization of 8–100 units. Paraformaldehyde commonly...

Persistent radical scavengers prevent or slow the photo-oxidation of polymers. Traditionally these are alkylated phenols such as butylated hydroxytoluene...

polymers, amorphous polymers would require molecular weights too high and, therefore, unreasonably high melt viscosity; the use of amorphous polymers...

desired spatial distribution. Materials include polymers, responsive hydrogels, shape memory polymers and bio-materials. The micro electro-mechanical...

such as polymers and liquids, as well as inorganic materials. Most commercially utilized synthetic membranes in industry are made of polymeric structures...

Plastics: a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Ceramics: non-metal, inorganic solids Glasses: amorphous...

(pronunciation; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions...

circular economy, bioplastics remain topical. Conventional petro-based polymers are increasingly blended with bioplastics to manufacture "bio-attributed"...

antimicrobial polypeptide polymers (SNAPPs) are a type of artificially designed synthetic antimicrobial peptide. The development of the polymers is potentially a...

conjugation of polymers ("grafting to" strategy) can efficiently construct a polymer shell with diverse polymer types, however, it has low polymer density,...

Netherlands to measure chemical composition distribution in semicrystalline polymers. A CRYSTAF prototype was presented at Pittcon in 1994. The first product...

Phenyl ether polymers are a class of polymers that contain a phenoxy or a thiophenoxy group as the repeating group in ether linkages. Commercial phenyl...

normally incompatible polymers (e.g. ABS/PA blends) or cross-linking. There are only a few commercial suppliers of SMA polymers. The three major producers...

S2CID 225563251. US 10920011, Kim KJ, Hu R, Grove JL, "Water soluble polymers and polymer adducts along with aqueous solutions thereof Patent", issued 16 February...

of chemically synthesized electronic organic polymers. Bulk quantities of nanofibers of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, can be synthesized in one...

catalyst removal from the polymer product. RAFT technology offers the benefit of being able to readily synthesize polymers with predetermined molecular...

water is continually added to the mixture to maintain the suspension. The polymers are linear and are strong. The monomers are mainly arranged head-to-tail...

categories – Polymers, Solid-particle suspensions, Biological additives, and Surfactants. These agents are made out of high molecular weight polymers or micellar...

chemical monomers and oligomers to cross-link together to form polymers. Those polymers then make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. Research in...

the polymer are equal. Generally, the ceiling temperature of a given polymer is correlated to the steric hindrance of the polymer’s monomers. Polymers with...

textile technology. Although many classes of fibers based on synthetic polymers have been evaluated as potentially valuable commercial products, four of...

Alabama, USA. He holds a series of patents on electrically conductive polymers. Thakur claims that the 2000 Nobel Prize in chemistry to Alan J. Heeger...

such as solvents, detergents, and adhesives. Olefins are the basis for polymers and oligomers used in plastics, resins, fibers, elastomers, lubricants...

advanced synthetic polymers, which was instrumental in the company's design of the first commercially successful line of pistols with a polymer frame. Glock...

experiences increased ductility with increased temperature. Amorphous polymers are polymers that can behave differently at different temperatures. They may...

generated from different polymers and hence have different physical properties and application potentials. Examples of natural polymers include collagen, cellulose...

oil is any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains. The most important member is polydimethylsiloxane. These polymers are of commercial interest...

droplets in a cloud, crystals in a rock, or polymer macromolecules in a solution or a solid polymer mass. Polymers can be described by molecular mass distribution;...

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is any of the polyurethane polymers that are thermoplastic; that is, they become pliable when heated and harden when cooled...

Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering...

is a leading British-based manufacturer of industrial belting and other polymer-based products. It is headquartered in Hessle. It was listed on the London...

made of organic radical polymers (a p-type and an n-type polymer), while a metal/ORB hybrid battery usually has a radical polymer cathode and a Li-ion/graphite...

Conducting redox polymers (CRPs) or intrinsically conducting redox polymers are organic polymers that combine the properties of conducting polymers and redox...

in Starch, Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Polymer Blends, Nanocomposites and Their Biodegradability". Carbohydrate Polymers. 85: 7–16. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011...

thermoplastic rubbers (TPR), are a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers (usually a plastic and a rubber) that consist of materials with both thermoplastic...

also better known as paraformaldehyde (PFA). As with many other synthetic polymers, polyoxymethylenes are produced by different chemical firms with slightly...

foundational principles in the field of coordination polymers, particularly for infinite polymeric frameworks—later termed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)...

Ohio. As a STEM-focused institution, it focuses on industries such as polymers, advanced materials, and engineering. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral...

work on polymers including polymer-supported chemistry, chemically amplified photoresists, dendrimers, macroporous separation media, and polymers for therapeutics...

mixtures of polymers to mixtures of insoluble derivatives. By design the reaction does not proceed to completion because a fully crosslinked polymer would be...

like sucrose or sodium chloride, it is often observed in polymer solutions and molten polymers, as well as complex fluids and suspensions like ketchup...

structure/processability/property relationships of high performance polymers such as liquid crystalline polymers. It is published eight times a year by SAGE Publications...

Chemistry (2004), "Definitions of Terms Relating to Reactions of Polymers and to Functional Polymeric Materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2003)" (PDF), Pure Appl...

shape-memory polymers. Biodegradable implant materials can now be used for minimally invasive surgical procedures through degradable thermoplastic polymers. These...

structural and comfort materials. Polyurethane foams are thermosetting polymers. They cannot be melted and reshaped after initially formed, because the...

Polymers for Advanced Technologies is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1990 by John Wiley & Sons. It covers research on polymer...

polymerized by two processes: from solution (S-SBR) or as an emulsion (E-SBR). E-SBR is more widely used. E-SBR produced by emulsion polymerization is...

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants. Lignins are particularly important...

circuit topology of a folded linear polymer is the arrangement of its intra-molecular contacts. Examples of linear polymers with intra-molecular contacts are...

ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished...

It is produced by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran as well as 1,4-butanediol. The product is commercially available as polymers of low average molecular...

structural complexity of branched polymers, viscosity-based determination of molecular weight is best used with linear polymers. With dilute solutions, an empirical...

Tōsō Therma-Tech TT9200-5001, PolyOne Corporation Ryton, Solvay Specialty Polymers, linear and cross-linked Torelina Toray NHU-PPS, Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd...

Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A (2019). "Thiolated polymers: Bioinspired polymers utilizing one of the most important bridging structures in nature"...

throughout an interconnected polymer matrix. Specific types of polymers are ideal for the different types of synthesis. Most polymers currently used in battery...

Kwolek, Stephanie L. (August 29, 1984). "Aromatic Azomethine Polymers and Fibers". Polymers for Fibers and Elastomers. American Chemical Society. pp. 103-114...

were recognizably desirable for polymers; as early as the 1970s researchers began incorporating this moiety into polymers. For instance, because of fluorene’s...

Polysulfones are a family of high-performance thermoplastics. These polymers are known for their toughness and stability at high temperatures. Technically...

hydrocarbonPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Resin – Organic polymer, typically from plants "D-Limonene". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine...

grammatical units within sentences Branching (polymer chemistry), the attachment of side chains to a polymer's backbone chain Branching (revision control)...

generating metal-oxo or metal-hydroxo polymers in solution. In both cases (discrete particles or continuous polymer network), the drying process serves...

Light emitting polymers in OLEDs Conductive polymer Electroluminescence Heeger, Alan J. (2001). "Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers: The Fourth Generation...

by bacteria and a good alternative for many non-biodegradable synthetic polymers. It is a thermoplastic linear aliphatic polyester. It is obtained by the...

an ester of testosterone with phosphoric acid that is in the form of a polymer and is coupled with phloretin. Like other androgen esters, PTPP acts as...

water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications. Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the AMPS-containing polymers are very useful...

mechanical polymer nanocomposites, stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers, materials for optical upconversion, shape memory polymers, and optical...

article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. "Polymers in everyday things – Contact Lenses" (PDF). rsc.org. Royal Society of Chemistry...

thermoplastic polymers. The polar ketone groups in the polymer backbone of these materials gives rise to a strong attraction between polymer chains, which...

Polyamide-imides are either thermosetting or thermoplastic, amorphous polymers that have exceptional mechanical, thermal and chemical resistant properties...

major groups based on their actuation mechanism. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are polymers that can be actuated through the application of electric fields...

the two previously prepared polymers. This is a random copolymer, because there is no control on the dispersity of the polymer chain lengths or block structuring...

and greasers. Cationic polymers are among the main functional components of hair gel. The positive charges in the polymers causes them to stretch, making...

significantly due to the conjugated structure of the polymers. It has been reported that in practice the polymers result in 100-1000 fold increase of amplification...

photo-reactive polymers. These compounds use a polymer mixture combined with a photoinitiator to create an amorphous, covalent cross-linked polymer. This material...

will improve the thermal stability and viscosity of a polymer. With regards to specific polymers, chain extenders in polyurethanes can drive phase separation...

silicone Roux, Marie Ange (2007). "Processing pharmaceutical polymers". Pharmaceutical Polymers 2007. Smithers Rapra. p. 28. ISBN 9781847350176. Mazurek,...

a monomer to polymerize PHB. PHAs granules are then recovered by disrupting the cells. Most commercial plastics are synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals...

dissolution of some biological (e.g., DNA, polypeptides) or synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene sulfonate), termed "polyelectrolytes", which contain...

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of coordination polymers consisting of metal clusters, also known as secondary building units (SBUs), coordinated...

The Shell Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex, formally known as Shell Polymers Monaca, is an ethylene cracker and three polyethylene production plants...

or coat it with polymers as glossers. Glossers are light-reflecting chemicals that bind to the hair surface and are usually polymers, usually silicones...

applications; for applications that fall within the properties of other polymers, the choice to use HDPE is usually economic: 3D printer filament Arena...

matrix have been introduced to increase the refractive index in polymers. A typical polymer has a refractive index of 1.30–1.70, but a higher refractive...

A nyloc nut, also referred to as a nylon-insert lock nut, polymer-insert lock nut, or elastic stop nut, is a kind of locknut with a nylon collar that...

production cost and weight. The first references to the possible use of polymers in the manufacture of casings come from the early 1950s. One of the earliest...

plastics and polymers. These compounds are typically derivatives of tetramethylpiperidine and are primarily used to protect the polymers from the effects...

contrast agents. Mechanically gradient polymers Kryszewski, M (1998). "Gradient Polymers and Copolymers". Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 9 (4): 224–259...

colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes, i.e. it is a monomer that is used to make various polymers. Hydroxyethylmethacrylate was first synthesized...

Texas at Austin, George Bittner, published an article claiming that most polymers, including Tritan, contained other materials with estrogenic activity....

(or addition polymerisation ) is a polymerization reaction that forms polymers via individual independent addition reactions. Polyaddition occurs as a...

the light. DBEF polarizers using uniaxial oriented polymerized liquid crystals (birefringent polymers or birefringent glue) were invented in 1989 by Philips...

Nylon is a generic term for a class of polymers. Nylon or Nylons may also refer to: Nylon 66, (aka nylon 6-6, nylon 6,6 or nylon 6/6) a type of polyamide...

and within Polymeric Materials". Polymers. 16 (11): 1611. doi:10.3390/polym16111611. PMC 11174848. PMID 38891556. "Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites"...

solutions (water), making the polymers charged. Polyelectrolyte properties are thus similar to both electrolytes (salts) and polymers (high molecular weight...

proton-exchange membranes. Many use polyaromatic polymers, while others use partially fluorinated polymers. Proton-exchange membranes are primarily characterized...

In polymer chemistry, gelation (gel transition) is the formation of a gel from a system with polymers. Branched polymers can form links between the chains...

flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80)...

pigment found in the brain which is structurally related to melanin. It is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers. Neuromelanin is found in large quantities...

lead to a branching point, which can lead to cross-linked polymers (a thermosetting polymer). Monofunctional monomers do not exist as such molecules lead...

consisting of prills of urea coated in less-soluble chemicals such as sulfur, polymers, other products or a combination. These fertilizers mitigate some of the...

1998), polymer melts (Schmid 1998, Matsen 2002, Fredrickson 2002) and thermoplastics (Baeurle 2006). The standard continuum model of flexible polymers, introduced...

the following categories. Synthetic coagulated or concentrated latices: Polymers such as butadiene-styrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, paraffin, and...

capable of further polymerization by reactive groups to a fully cured, high-molecular-mass state. As such, mixtures of reactive polymers with un-reacted...

Polymer classes include: Biopolymer Inorganic polymer Organic polymer Conductive polymer Copolymer Fluoropolymer Gutta-percha (Polyterpene) Phenolic resin...

of chemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers, in: Molecular imprinting of polymers, S. Piletsky and A.P.F. Turner (eds.), Landes Bioscience...

and other polymers including hydrogels. Modification of rubbers and similar compounds is also a use for the material. The resultant polymers may be used...

polypropylene polymers are stiff enough for engineering purposes, yet soft enough so that a geosynthetic can be handled for installation. These polymers are modified...

semi-crystalline thermoplastic in the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family of polymers. It possesses high heat, chemical, and mechanical load resistance. PEKK...

Mannans are polymers containing the sugar mannose as a principal component. They are a type of polysaccharide found in hemicellulose, a major source of...

simulation method. Polymer engineering Crystal system Crystal structure Liquid crystal Crystallography Conductive polymer Crystallization of polymers Path integrals...

and barley. It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of several hair and skin...

water-miscible emulsion that polymerizes as it cures Polyvinylpyrrolidone (component of glue sticks) Silicone resins Silyl modified polymers Postage stamp gum may...

developed biocompatible polymers that can be used to “modulate the properties of target cells”. These cell-modulating biocompatible polymers alter certain properties...

ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, and other important industrial polymers. The worldwide production capacity of vinyl acetate was estimated at 6...

programming other polymers is present, due to the number of copolymers that can be designed: the possibilities are almost endless. Polymers with thermally...

different types of synthetic macromolecules include: Thermoplastic polymers Thermoset polymers Dendrimers Vitrimers / Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) Covalent...

desired effect of this method is to generate hybrid polymers that bear the properties of both polymer chains, such as a high melting point accompanied by...

endoperoxide: Terminal alkenes are precursors to polymers via processes termed polymerization. Some polymerizations are of great economic significance, as they...

semiconductors are solids whose building blocks are pi-bonded molecules or polymers made up by carbon and hydrogen atoms and—at times—heteroatoms such as nitrogen...

the high-performance polymers, fluoropolymers have 45% market share (main representatives: PTFE), sulfur-containing aromatic polymers 20% market share (mainly...

different families of chemicals. Both families are glucose polymers (also called dextrose polymers or dextrins), but have little chemical or nutritional similarity...

needed] In the 1970s and 1980s, the proportionately largest use of these polymers was in water treatment. The next major application by weight is additives...

metallic. Conductive polymers were reported in the mid the 20th century as derivatives of polyaniline. Research continued on such polymers in the 1960s and...

has followed the development of superabsorbent polymers. In the early 1970s, the superabsorbent polymer was used commercially for the first time for disposable...

industrially produced, typically viscous substance that converts into rigid polymers by the process of curing. They are formed by the reaction of dibasic organic...

addition to the homopolymers, a variety of copolymers and crosslinked polymers, and partially deprotonated derivatives thereof, are known and of commercial...

Polymers," Macromol. Chem., 51, 11 (1991). MacDiarmid, A.G.; Epstein, A.J., "Science and Technology of Conducting Polymers," in Frontiers of Polymer Research...

Polymer is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of polymer science. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Benny D...

Penczek, Stanisław; Stepto, Robert F. T. (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)"...

butylene polymers; styrene-butadiene polymers; and styrene-isoprene polymers. The gel usually includes about 12% to 22% by weight of the polymer, but it...

(96% of the cross section in a fiber 1mm in diameter), and fluorinated polymers are the cladding material. Since the late 1990s much higher performance...

including polymers, bulk petrochemicals and intermediates, other derivatives and basic industrials, inorganic chemicals, and fertilizers. Polymers are the...

thermoplastic similar to PEEK Polyethylenimine (PEI), a type of water-soluble polymer Paul Ehrlich Institute, Germany Pei language Pe (Semitic letter) (פ), or...

of solid polymers. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-49626-7. Ward, I. M. (2000). Solid Phase Processing of Polymers. Munich: Hanser...

American chemist who researched mainly on electrolytes, polyelectrolytes, and polymers. He held Sterling Professor status at Yale University. Fuoss was born to...

so-called forever chemicals, are highly toxic. Newer polymers such as the recently patented SPX3 (POLYMERS COMPRISING SULFONATED 2,6-DIPHENYL-1,4-PHENYLENE...

osmometry is well suited for the analysis of oligomers and short polymers while higher polymers can be analyzed using other techniques such as membrane osmometry...

; Smulders, M. M. J. (2016). "Dynamic Covalent Polymers". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 54 (22): 3551–3577. Bibcode:2016JPoSA...

(2007), Mark, James E. (ed.), "Properties of Photoresist Polymers", Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 965–979...

synthesis reaction of the polymer: Cracks can be formed in many different elastomers by ozone attack, another form of SCC in polymers. Tiny traces of the gas...

(1968). "The viscosity of polymers and their concentrated solutions". Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren-Forschung. Advances in Polymer Science. Vol. 5/3. Springer...

E. (November 1931). "Acetylene Polymers and Their Derivatives. Ii. A New Synthetic Rubber: Chloroprene and ITS Polymers". Journal of the American Chemical...

silicone polymers. Silicone rubbers are widely used in industry, and there are multiple formulations. Silicone rubbers are often one- or two-part polymers, and...

; Bhowmick, A. K. (2015). "Polymer nanocomposites from modified clays: Recent advances and challenges". Progress in Polymer Science. 51: 127–187. doi:10...

the Polymers Division. In the summer of 2006 Epps joined the University of Delaware. Here his research considers nanostructured assemblies of polymers for...

high-density polyethylene and polypropylene are the different petro-products and polymers produced by the plant currently and two production units for hydrogenated...

"Historical Perspective of Advances in the Science and Technology of Polymer Blends". Polymers. 6 (5): 1251–1265. doi:10.3390/polym6051251. ISSN 2073-4360. Rice...

copolymer (COC) is an amorphous polymer made by several polymer manufacturers. COC is a relatively new class of polymers as compared to commodities such...

is a hindered phenolic antioxidant commonly used as a polymer stabiliser. Base catalysed Michael addition of methyl acrylate to 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol...

organic liquid with low viscosity. It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent...

polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass (Mr ≤ 100 000) and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers...

the submerged surface to be covered with a conditioning film of organic polymers. In the next 24 hours, this layer allows the process of bacterial adhesion...

Blown film extrusion is a polymer-extrusion process used to make thin plastic films. A thermoplastic melt, usually a polyethylene grade, is forced through...

numerous food and pharmaceutical applications that require water-soluble polymers. Carboxymethyl cellulose is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction...

each silicon, cyclic or polymeric structures can result. The cyclic metasilicate ring Si 6O12− 18 is a hexamer of SiO32-. Polymeric silicate anions of can...

thermal runaway due to autoacceleration, suspension polymerization techniques are employed to make polymers such as polystyrene. The droplets dispersed in...

Tcand Tm. The crystallization process of polymers does not always obey simple chemical rate equations. Polymers can crystallize through a variety of different...

XNA polymers using chemical synthesis or biosynthetic techniques. Appropriately protected monomers are required for chemical synthesis of XNA polymers. XNA...

Grupa Azoty ATT Polymers GmbH (abridged name: Grupa Azoty ATT POLYMERS) – one of the enterprises producing polyamide 6 (PA6) in Western Europe. Acquired...

synthesis of LLDPE polymers with high levels of comonomers and a "common" Ziegler-Natta catalyst has also been shown to yield polymers with a density below...

effects on stress–strain and fatigue behavior. Crystallization of polymers Some polymers that strain crystallize Polyethylene Polyethylene Terephthalate...

itaconic anhydride polymers and copolymers can be alkaline hydrolyzed to polyitaconic acids under ring opening or converted into polymeric acid amides or...

star, and ring polymers), however, the central free-volume argument of the Flory-Fox relation does not hold since branched polymers, despite having more...

Phosphorus-based flame retardant systems are used in these fire-safe polymers and are based on aluminium diethyl phosphinate and synergists. They are...

whose homo- and co-polymers exhibit LCST behavior in solution is 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. The LCST depends on the polymer preparation and in...

concrete to form reinforced concrete. Fibre-reinforced polymers include carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers and glass-reinforced plastic. If classified by matrix...

April that year at the age of 75. Willy O. Hermann started the Wacker Polymers business division in 1920. In 1928 it began producing vinyl acetate and...

stimuli. Temperature-responsive polymers are materials that changes in response to temperature. pH-sensitive polymers are materials that change in volume...

troponins that have three polymers: troponin I, troponin T, and troponin C. F-actin is both strong and dynamic. Unlike other polymers, such as DNA, whose constituent...

Mutual solubility between a polymer and a solvent may be determined using the Hildebrand solubility parameter. Polymers will generally be more soluble...

required. Polybenzoxazines are a class of halogen-free high-performance polymers. The main applications of polybenzoxazines resins are in fibre-reinforced...

stabilities. Polymers with polar substituents are known to have interesting applications including within electrical and optical materials. These polymers are...

made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic. Originally, rhinestones were rock crystals gathered from...

Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, or plants. Pitch produced from petroleum may be...

introduction of an ether function to a perfluoro-polymer chain also provides thermoplastic properties to the polymer, making thermal forming possible. This is...

Methacryloyl chloride is the acid chloride of methacrylic acid used to manufacture polymers. Acryloyl chloride CAMEO Chemicals MSDS v t e...

cross-sectional area of a polymer after it exits an extrusion die Swelling capacity, the amount of liquid that can be absorbed by a polymer Neutron-induced swelling...

Three- and Four-Armed Cage-Shaped Polymers via "Topological Conversion" from Trefoil- and Quatrefoil-Shaped Polymers". Macromolecules. 50 (1): 97–106....

than 40 years, these polymers received a renewed interest due to the increasing demand on biodegradable and bio-based polymers. Like other polyesters...

by the same mechanism, twisting of the polymer backbone and disrupting conjugation, making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide...

cross-linked water-insoluble polymers that contain ionisable functional groups that form a repeating pattern of polymers, creating a polymer chain. The drug is...

Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization is a method of radical polymerization that makes use of an nitroxide initiator to generate polymers with well controlled...

and natural polymers under various conditions and can help in establishing standardised dissolution-pH thresholds for pH responsive polymers. There are...

The worm-like chain (WLC) model in polymer physics is used to describe the behavior of polymers that are semi-flexible: fairly stiff with successive segments...

due to air oxidation. It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is...

management buyout, giving rise to Victrex PLC. PEEK polymers are obtained by step-growth polymerization by the dialkylation of bisphenolate salts. Typical...

thermosets (such as bakelite) and biologically derived polymers (such as collagen). Polymers melt electrospun so far include: Polycaprolactone Polylactic...

British materials scientist specialising in polymers and composites. He is Emeritus Professor of Polymer Science and Technology at the Department of Materials...

way different from the respective effect in ferroelectric polymers. In ferroelectric polymers, a stress in the 3-direction mainly decreases the distance...

Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A (2019). "Thiolated polymers: Bioinspired polymers utilizing one of the most important bridging structures in nature"...

injection molding (RIM) is similar to injection molding except thermosetting polymers are used, which requires a curing reaction to occur within the mold. Common...

solvency properties have also led to NMP's use to dissolve a wide range of polymers. Specifically, it is used as a solvent for surface treatment of textiles...

degradation and stabilization of synthetic polymers and/or applied spectroscopy of synthetic polymers. As polymer science was at this point in the 1970s considered...

The Tanfoglio Force, also known as Force 99, Force 2002, EAA Witness Polymer or EAA Witness P-Carry, is a modified clone of the Czech CZ-75/CZ-85 semi-automatic...

sensitivity to hydrolysis when compared with other synthetic polymers. However, in 1962 this polymer was used to develop the first synthetic absorbable suture...

for his research in polymer science, especially fundamental explorations of polymer chain dynamics in miscible blends, block polymers, multicompartment...

The crosslinking of polymers through electron-beam processing changes a thermoplastic material into a thermoset. When polymers are crosslinked, the molecular...

the copolymer is amorphous. The properties of semicrystalline polymers v amorphous polymers are described elsewhere in detail. Briefly, crystallinity helps...

LG Chem, which renamed the company to LG Polymers India. LG Chem expanded its operations at the LG Polymers plant five times between 2006 and 2018. The...

of organic polymers with the formula (CH2CHCO2CH2CH3)n. It is a synthetic acrylate polymer derived from ethyl acrylate monomer. The polymers are colorless...

process is called polymerization and the chains or networks polymers, while the source compound is a monomer. Two main groups of polymers exist: those artificially...

It is an "inorganic rubber" and the starting material for many other polymers with the -P=N- backbone (polyphosphazenes), which have important commercial...

organic polymers with the formula (CH2CHCO2CH2CH2CH2CH3)n. It is a synthetic acrylate polymer derived from butyl acrylate monomer. The polymers are colorless...

"Photogeneration of gelatinous networks from pre-existing polymers". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 122 (1): 168–174. doi:10.1002/app.34133. "Skumlegetoej...

Thermoresponsive polymers can be used as stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Here, the polarity of the stationary phase can be varied by temperature...

Mi, Peng (2018), "Enzyme-responsive polymers for drug delivery and molecular imaging", Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications...

rate of commercial fluorotelomer-based polymers. The USEPA then carried out studies with two DuPont polymers in four soils and water using these methods...

initiator used in polymer synthesis. ACPA is a water-soluble initiator used in both heterogeneous and homogeneous free-radical polymerizations. It is used as...

resins, also known as polyepoxides, a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. The epoxide functional group is also collectively...

The French group for the study of polymers and their application, also called more simply French polymer group (GFP) is a French nonprofit organization...

disordered systems. For partially ordered systems such as crystalline polymers there is obviously overlap, and experts will switch from one expression...

such as mineral additions, crystalline admixtures, and superabsorbent polymers. Further, concrete can be modified to built-in autonomous self-healing...

a polymer-framed, semi-automatic, blowback-operated pistol manufactured by Hi-Point Firearms. Introduced in 2023, It is chambered in 10mm. Polymer frame...

from a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or petroleum pitch. All these polymers are known as a precursor. For synthetic polymers such as...

have 12 carbons, hence the name ‘Nylon 12’. It is one of several nylon polymers. Nylon 12 can be produced through two routes. The first being polycondensation...

characterized by the formation of proteinaceous polymers. Agarose is used for the gel since the SDS-resistant polymers are large (in the 200-4000+ kDa range) and...

bonded to the polymer backbone, but have a much higher ionic group molar substitution level (usually greater than 80%); ionenes are polymers where ionic...

extruded at the plasma membrane. glucans: glucose polymers that function to cross-link chitin or chitosan polymers. β-glucans are glucose molecules linked via...

block co-polymers, polymer liquid crystals and how polymer sidechains impact their viscoelasticity. She showed that certain block co-polymers can form...

water. Polyionic polymers are polymers with an ionic functional group. The ionic charges prevent the formation of tightly coiled polymer chains. This allows...

in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Latex is an aqueous dispersion of polymers that can be solidified into rubber. Latex may also refer to: Natural rubber...

"Photogeneration of gelatinous networks from pre-existing polymers". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 122 (1): 168–174. doi:10.1002/app.34133. "Market...

using formaldehyde or by sulfonating the corresponding crosslinked polymer. The polymers used as plasticizers exhibit surfactant properties. They are often...

Nevertheless, flexible polymers are defined as those for which 0.5 ≤ a ≤ 0.8 {\displaystyle 0.5\leq a\leq 0.8} and semi-flexible polymers those for which a...

individual polymers are composed of chains of covalently bonded monomers, association theory remained the most prevalent model of polymer structure in...

been studied and reported in scientific literature. Work on conductive polymers including polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and polyacetylene was...

polymerization, monomer formation, and post-polymerization modification. The Passerini reaction has also been used to form sequence-defined polymers....

ParisTech and specialises in the chemical physics of polymers, particularly bio-based polymers and bio-based aerogels. In 2020, she was awarded the CNRS...

In polymer chemistry, a random coil is a conformation of polymers where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent...

Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) is a polymer made from methacrylic acid (preferred IUPAC name, 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid), which is a carboxylic acid. It...

aromatic condensation polymers but the amide linkage proved to be weak link for the aim of maximal thermal stability of the polymer, whereas Marvel's research...

ultraviolet light or excessive heat, which causes photo-oxidation of polymers that breaks polymer chains and causes the plastic to yellow and become brittle. Retrobright...

discovery, NHOs have been applied in organocatalysis, metal ligation, and polymerization. NHOs have a ylide resonance structure that places a positive charge...

refer to: Acrylic acid, the simplest acrylic compound Acrylate polymer, a group of polymers (plastics) noted for transparency and elasticity Acrylic resin...

action. This process is associated with an increase in entropy. For most polymers, thermal depolymerization is a chaotic process, giving a mixture of volatile...

2025. "Engro Polymers & Chemicals Limited". brecorder.com. Business Recorder. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2024. "Engro Polymer and Chemicals...

organocatalysis in polymerization, macromolecular engineering, functional polymers for biomedical uses, living chain polymerizations, polymeric nanoparticles...

Polyanhydrides are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain. Their main application...

Polymer fume fever or fluoropolymer fever, also informally called Teflon flu, is an inhalation fever caused by the fumes released when polytetrafluoroethylene...

formulation of modern chewing gum Gum base is made of polymers, plasticizers, and resins. Polymers, including elastomers, are responsible for the stretchy...

and also fairly inexpensive compared to other polymers. Its lower molecular weight compared to many polymers aids in its biodegradability. Poly(ethylene...

produced by the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen. Dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Dextrins...

R. (2012). "10.03 - Lipid-Based Polymer Building Blocks and Polymers". In Matyjaszewski, K; Möller, M (eds.). Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference...

Fluorescent Polymers" Chapter 28, pp 368–376 in Jenekhe, Samson A.; Meeting, American Chemical Society. (2005). Chromogenic Phenomena in Polymers. Washington...

of closed cell, crosslinked foams made from polyolefins and engineering polymers. Zotefoams was founded in 1921 by Charles Marshall as Onazote Limited,...

Phenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound used in the synthesis of fragrances and polymers. Phenylacetaldehyde is an aldehyde that consists of acetaldehyde bearing...

2−CH 2−. It can be obtained by polymerization of para-xylylene H 2C=C 6H 4=CH 2. The name is also used for several polymers with the same backbone, where...

concept. Apart from the barrel and action, the gun is made primarily of polymers and is designed to be accurate to at least 800 m (870 yd). The Steyr Scout...

in 2004 after Bayer AG spun off its chemicals division and parts of its polymers business. The company's roots trace back to 1863, with the founding of...

material scientist and professor known for his research in the field of polymers, nanotechnology, manufacturing engineering, sustainable chemistry and materials...

polymers in the frequency and position of the branches, which gives rise to different physical properties. The structure of floridean starch polymers...

known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was a pioneer in understanding the behavior of polymers in solution, and won the Nobel...

of polymers. Polymers usually melt before they decompose, thus TGA is mainly used to investigate the thermal stability of polymers. Most polymers melt...

dispersion of gelatin, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose together with other polymers, elastomers, and/or adhesives to form a flexible, thin wafer or film; the...

"vinyl" groups refer to these ester substituents, which are prone to polymerize and thus an inhibitor is usually added. The diester product is then dissolved...

A hybrid paper-polymer banknote or composite substrate is a banknote made from a mixture of paper and polymer substance. Hybrid banknotes are essentially...

is a common monomer for the preparation of methacrylate polymers. It is typically polymerized under free-radical conditions. In terms of the acute toxicity...

rubber has now generally been replaced in these applications by synthetic polymers. Latex rubber as a clothing material is common in fetish fashion and among...

temperatures. Above −20 °C (−4 °F), thioacetone readily converts to a polymer and a trimer, trithioacetone. It has an extremely potent, unpleasant odor...

an American polymer chemist. She is a distinguished professor at Texas A&M University whose research focuses on developing novel polymers and nanostructured...

are a family of conducting polymers closely related to polyacetylene. They are created by the 1,4 topochemical polymerization of diacetylenes. They have...

are precursors to commercially useful polymers. Vinylidene chloride and fluoride can be converted to linear polymers polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and polyvinylidene...

S2CID 225243217. David, C. (1975). "Chapter 4 Oxidative Degradation of Polymers". Degradation of polymers. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. pp. 425–538. ISBN 978-0-444-41155-6...

whereas cyclic polymers prepared via LCP method cannot be end capped with functional groups, LAP results in more thermally stable polymers. It has a much...

century pioneers of polymer science. His specific interest was in theory and experiment for the structure and dynamics of polymer molecules, including...

aspect. Cells use the monomers released from breaking down polymers to either construct new polymer molecules or degrade the monomers further to simple waste...

straps are made of polymers, and are smooth, highly flexible, non-marring, high-friction straps. (Before the era of commercial polymers, the straps were...

operate similarly to ordinary ion-exchange resins. Most chelating resins are polymers (copolymers to be precise) with reactive functional groups that chelate...

Group Performance Center – Aromatics; Group Performance Center – Olefins; Polymers Business Unit; EO-Based Performance Business Unit; Green Chemicals Business...

solution. Lactide can be polymerized to polylactic acid (polylactide). Depending on the catalyst, syndiotactic or a heterotactic polymers can result. The resulting...

composed of carbohydrate polymers cellulose, hemicellulose, and an aromatic polymer (lignin). The hemicellulose is a polymer of mainly five-carbon sugars...

or plastic elements. They can substitute for more common thermoplastic polymers such as PVC, PE, PC, EVA. The particularity of electroshapable materials...

Guardian is the trademark name of a polymer originally manufactured by Securency International, a joint venture between the Reserve Bank of Australia...

polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review's (CIR) Expert Panel, has concluded that dimethicone and related polymers...

have a complex microstructure, such as muds, sludges, suspensions, and polymers and other glass formers (e.g., silicates), as well as many foods and additives...

Semi-flexible rod polymers are a kind of organic polymer which may be converted to conductive polymers by appropriate oxidations or doping. Examples include...

(ceramics, etc.). Piezoelectric polymers can be classified by bulk polymers, voided charged polymers ("piezoelectrets"), and polymer composites. A piezo-response...

manufactures in the shape of a smiley face. Most products are made of a polymer which changes texture – firm in cold water and soft in warm water. After...

degradation of polymers, such as rubbers, plastics and adhesives, that causes a loss of strength and flexibility in these materials. Polymers containing double...