French ethnographer and colonial official (1870–1926)
Delafosse in 1924
Maurice Delafosse (20 December 1870 – 13 November 1926) was a French ethnographer and colonial official who also worked in the field of the languages of Africa. In a review of his daughter's biography of him he was described as "one of the most outstanding French colonial administrators and ethnologists of his time."[1]
Career
Fragment of Delafosse's (1904) linguistic map highlighting Nafaanra ('Nafana') in the borderland of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.
Delafosse was born on 20 December 1870 in the village of Sancergues in central France. He was the son of René Françoise Célestin Delafosse and Elise Marie Bidault and had five siblings.
Delafosse is known for his contributions to West African history and African languages. He began his study of Arabic in 1890 at the École des langues orientales with the renowned orientalist, Octave Houdas. He traveled to Algeria in 1891 with the Frères armés du Sahara, a Catholic organization concerned with combating the Trans-Saharan slave trade. Shortly afterwards, he spent one year in the French military as a zouave, second class, before returning to his formal studies at the École des langues orientales. After receiving his diploma, he was appointed as an assistant to Indigenous Affairs in the new French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.[2] For a period the future ethnologist Charles Monteil was his assistant in the Côte d'Ivoire.[3]
Delafosse had disagreements with the French government over the administration of French Africa, and, as a result, was "more or less banned from the colonies" for a large part of his life.[4]
Delafosse, Maurice (1912), Haut-Sénégal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l'Histoire; les Civilizations. 3 Vols (in French), Paris: Émile Larose. Gallica: Volume 1, Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; Volume 2, L'Histoire; Volume 3, Les Civilisations.
Delafosse, Maurice (1916), "La question de Ghana et la Mission Bonnel de Mézières", Annuaire et Mémoires du Comité d'Études historiques et scientifique de l'AOF (in French): 40–61
Delafosse, Maurice (1922), Les Noirs de l'Afrique (in French), Paris: Payot. Also available from the Internet Archive here.
Delafosse, Maurice (1922), L'âme nègre (in French), Paris: Payot.
Delafosse, Maurice (1927), Les nègres (in French), Paris: Rieder.
Delafosse, Maurice (1928), "La numération chez les Nègres", Africa: Journal of the International African Institute (in French), 1 (3): 387–390, doi:10.2307/1155640, JSTOR1155640.
Cohen, William B. (1978). "Review of: Maurice Delafosse, le Berrichon Conquis par l'Afrique by Louise Delafosse, Paris: Société Française d'Histoire d'Outre-Mer". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 11 (2): 302–305. doi:10.2307/217447. JSTOR217447.
Delafosse, Louise (1976). Maurice Delafosse: le Berrichon conquis par l'Afrique (in French). Paris: Société Française d'Histoire d'Outre-mer. ISBN978-2-85970-000-3. A biography by his daughter.
Amselle, Jean-Loup; Sibeud, Emmanuelle, eds. (1998). Maurice Delafosse : entre orientalisme et ethnographie : l'itinéraire d'un africaniste, 1870-1926 (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve and Larose. ISBN978-2-7068-1356-6.
Hazard, Benoît (1998). "Orientalisme et ethnographie chez Maurice Delafosse". L'Homme (in French). 38 (146): 265–268. doi:10.3406/hom.1998.370469..
Michel, Marc (1975). "Un programme réformiste en 1919 : Maurice Delafosse et la " politique indigène " en AOF". Cahiers d'études africaines (in French). 15 (58): 313–327. doi:10.3406/cea.1975.2600.
Wooten, Stephen R. (1993). "Colonial Administration and the Ethnography of the Family in the French Soudan". Cahiers d'études africaines. 33 (131): 419–446. doi:10.3406/cea.1993.1507.
