A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus.
Reverse
A platinum Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954,[1] the award is given for the "exceptional and distinguished service", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication released weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices.[2] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register.[3] As of 2020[update], none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister. The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval.[2]
When instituted in 1954, the Padma Vibhushan was classified as "Pahela Varg" (Class I) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards; preceded by the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award,[4] and followed by "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III).[1] On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria includes "exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[2][3] The award, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended twice in its history;[5] for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister.[6][7] The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister.[8] The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution.[5][a] The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation.[10]
The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award.[2] The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Vibhushan" is placed below the lotus. The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text "Padma Vibhushan" of silver gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width.[3] It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations.[11]
^Per Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".[7][9]
^Vilayat Khan refused Padma Shri (1964), Padma Bhushan (1968), and Padma Vibhushan (2000) and stated that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".[14][15]
^Lakshmi Chand Jain died on 14 November 2010, at the age of 84.[18] His family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Jain was against accepting state honours.[19]
^Sharad Anantrao Joshi's family refused to accept the posthumous honour as Joshi's work for good of farmers is not reflected in the Government policies for them.[20]
^In 1991, Baba Amte returned the award, along with the Padma Shri conferred in 1971, to protest against the treatment given to the tribals during the construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam.[22]
^ abLal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I"(PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated "Padma Vibhushan" in three classes, namely: "Pahela Varg", "Dusra Varg" and "Tisra Varg"
^ abcd"Padma Awards Scheme"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
^ abcAyyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I"(PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived from the original(PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015. All persons upon whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan (Pahela Varg) was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Vibhushan has been conferred by the President.
^"Bharat Ratna Scheme"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ abcd"Padma Awards: Year wise list of recipients (1954–2014)"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 1, 3–6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19–20, 23, 25, 29, 32–33, 37, 42, 48, 55, 59, 63, 66, 69–70, 72, 74, 83, 86, 88, 90–93, 95, 99–100, 105–106, 112, 114–115, 117–118, 121, 126, 131, 135, 139–140, 144, 149, 154–155, 160, 166, 172, 178, 183, 188. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Padma Awards: 2015"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2015. p. 1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Padma Awards: 2016"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2016. p. 1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
"Padma Awards: 2017"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2017. p. 1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
"Padma Awards: 2018"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2018. p. 1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Padma Awards: 2019"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2019. p. 1. Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
"Padma Awards: 2020"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2020. p. 1. Archived(PDF) from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
"Padma Awards: 2021"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2021. pp. 1–2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
"Padma Awards: 2022"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2022. pp. 1–2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
"Padma Awards: 2023"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 25 January 2023. p. 1. Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
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