Carolina lily, Uwharrie National Forest, North Carolina, USA
Lilium michauxii, commonly known as the Carolina lily, is a wildflower native to the southeastern United States, thriving in dry, sandy soils of upland forests and ridges. It is the only fragrant lily species native east of the Rocky Mountains. Known for its vibrant orange to red flowers adorned with dark spots, the Carolina lily blooms from July to October, providing nectar for pollinators such as butterflies.
The species was named in honor of French botanist André Michaux, who documented it during his explorations of North America in the 18th century. The Carolina lily is the official state wildflower of North Carolina, symbolizing the state's rich biodiversity and natural heritage.[6][7]
Taxonomy and classification
The Carolina lily belongs to the family Liliaceae. The common name reflects an older taxonomy in which the name L. carolinianum was applied to both L. michauxii and L. catesbaei. Another common name for this species is Turk's cap lily, though L. superbum, a closely related species, also shares this name. Synonyms for L. michauxii include:[5]
Lilium carolinianum Michx.
Lilium autumnale G.Lodd.
Lilium michauxianum Schult. & Schult.f.
Lilium lockettii Featherm.
The scientific name honors French botanist André Michaux for his contributions to botany in North America.[6]
Description
The Carolina lily can grow up to 3.5 ft (1.1 m) tall, producing vibrant flowers that are 3–4 in (76–102 mm) across. Its striking petals curve backward and are adorned with dark purple spots, creating a distinctive appearance. The color of the petals ranges from yellow to red, with some flowers exhibiting shades of orange or purple.
This lily is unique for being the only fragrant lily species native east of the Rocky Mountains. Its leaves are arranged in whorls along the stem, a characteristic feature of this plant.
Habitat and distribution
Native to the southeastern United States, the Carolina lily thrives in dry upland forests, sandy slopes, and ridges. Its range includes southern Virginia, the Carolinas, the Florida Panhandle, and eastern Texas. This species is well-adapted to nutrient-poor soils.
Cultural and historical significance
In 2003, the Carolina lily was designated the official state wildflower of North Carolina. The species also carries historical significance, as it was first documented by André Michaux during his exploration of North American flora in the late 18th century.
Conservation status
The Carolina lily is currently listed as "Apparently Secure" (G4) by NatureServe.[2] However, it faces threats from habitat destruction, urbanization, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on protecting its native habitats.[2]
