Monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta
For an explanation of very similar terms, see
Holozoa .
The Filozoa are a monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta . They include animals and their nearest unicellular relatives (those organisms which are more closely related to animals than to fungi or Mesomycetozoa ).[ 1]
Three groups are currently assigned to the clade Filozoa:
Etymology
From Latin filum meaning "thread" and Greek zōion meaning "animal".
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree of Filozoa and its most closely related clades:[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Characteristics
The ancestral opisthokont cell is assumed to have possessed slender filose (thread-like) projections or 'tentacles'. In some opisthokonts (Mesomycetozoa and Corallochytrium actin bundles (contrasting with the flexible, tapering and branched filopodia of nucleariids and the branched rhizoids and hyphae of fungi). In choanoflagellates and in the most primitive animals, namely sponges , they aggregate into a filter-feeding collar (made from microvilli , that are also made from actin) around the cilium or flagellum ; this is thought to be an inheritance from their most recent common filozoan ancestor.[ 1]
References
^ a b Shalchian-Tabrizi K.; Minge M.A.; Espelund M.; et al. (7 May 2008). Aramayo, Rodolfo (ed.). "Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals" . PLOS ONE . 3 (5): e2098. Bibcode :2008PLoSO...3.2098S . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0002098 PMC 2346548 PMID 18461162 . ^ Parfrey, Laura Wegener ; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (August 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 108 (33): 13624– 13629. doi :10.1073/pnas.1110633108 PMC 3158185 PMID 21810989 .^ Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Kolisko, Martin; Campo, Javier del; Esaulov, Anton S.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (10 July 2017). "Novel Predators Reshape Holozoan Phylogeny and Reveal the Presence of a Two-Component Signaling System in the Ancestor of Animals" . Current Biology . 27 (13): 2043–2050.e6. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.006 PMID 28648822 . ^ Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018-09-26). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes" . Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . 66 (1): 4– 119. doi :10.1111/jeu.12691 . ISSN 1066-5234 . PMC 6492006 PMID 30257078 . ^ Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses" . Fungal Diversity . 90 (1): 135– 159. doi :10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 ISSN 1560-2745 .
