en Electroweak scale

In particle physics, the electroweak scale, also known as the Fermi scale, is the energy scale around 246 GeV, a typical energy of processes described by the electroweak theory. The particular number 246 GeV is taken to be the vacuum expectation value $v=(G_{F}{\sqrt {2}})^{-1/2}$ of the Higgs field (where $G_{F}$ is the Fermi coupling constant). In some cases the term electroweak scale is used to refer to the temperature of electroweak symmetry breaking, 159.5±1.5 GeV^[1] . In other cases, the term is used more loosely to refer to energies in a broad range around 10² - 10³ GeV. This is within reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is designed for about 10⁴ GeV in proton–proton collisions.

Interactions may have been above this scale during the electroweak epoch. In the unextended Standard Model, the transition from the electroweak epoch was not a first or a second order phase transition but a continuous crossover, preventing any baryogenesis.^[2] However many extensions to the standard model including supersymmetry and the inert double model have a first order electroweak phase transition (but still lack additional CP violation).

References

^ D'Onofrio, Michela and Rummukainen, Kari (2016). "Standard model cross-over on the lattice". Phys. Rev. D93 (2): 025003. arXiv:1508.07161. Bibcode:2016PhRvD..93b5003D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.025003. S2CID 119261776.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Bergerhoff, Bastian; Wetterich, Christof (1998). "Electroweak Phase Transition in the Early Universe?". Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology. Springer Netherlands. pp. 211–240. arXiv:hep-ph/9611462. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5046-0_6. ISBN 978-94-010-6119-3. S2CID 13949582.

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[1] D'Onofrio, Michela and Rummukainen, Kari (2016). "Standard model cross-over on the lattice". Phys. Rev. D93 (2): 025003. arXiv:1508.07161. Bibcode:2016PhRvD..93b5003D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.025003. S2CID 119261776.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Bergerhoff, Bastian; Wetterich, Christof (1998). "Electroweak Phase Transition in the Early Universe?". Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: Primordial Cosmology. Springer Netherlands. pp. 211–240. arXiv:hep-ph/9611462. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5046-0_6. ISBN 978-94-010-6119-3. S2CID 13949582.

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Electroweak scale

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References

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