Diphylleidae

Diphylleidae
Collodictyon triciliatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: CRuMs
Class: Diphyllatea
Order: Diphylleida
Family: Diphylleidae
Cavalier-Smith 1993
Genera
Synonyms

"Collodictyonidae" Brugerolle et al. 2002[1]

Diphylleidae (also Collodictyonidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. It is the sister group of Sulcomonadidae.[2]

Recent molecular analyses place collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea.[3][4]

Phylogeny

Opimoda

Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000

Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003

Podiata
Amorphea

Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998

Obazoa

Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004

Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989

Opisthokonta

CRuMs[4]

Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004

Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025[5]

Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989

Diphylleida

Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993

Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013

Taxonomy

References

  1. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2022-05-01). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. ISSN 1615-6102. PMC 9010356. PMID 34940909.
  2. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. ISSN 0932-4739.
  3. ^ Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2018-11-14). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature. 564 (7736): 410–414. Bibcode:2018Natur.564..410L. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30429611. S2CID 205570993.
  4. ^ a b Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (2018-01-19). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
  5. ^ Yazaki, Euki; Harada, Ryo; Isogai, Ryu; Bamba, Kohei; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Inagaki, Yuji; Shiratori, Takashi (2025-06-04). "Glissandra oviformis n. sp.: a novel predatory flagellate illuminates the character evolution within the eukaryotic clade CRuMs". Open Biology. 15 (6) 250057. doi:10.1098/rsob.250057. PMC 12133344. PMID 40460873.
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