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A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular...

the northeast of the empire and gradually replaced the former Iranian dialects of Parthia (Parthian). Tajik Persian (форси́и тоҷикӣ́, forsi-i tojikī)...

Sánchez Rei, Xosé Manuel (2011). Lingua galega e variación dialectal [Galician language and dialectal variation] (in Galician). Noia, Galiza: Edicións Laiovento...

a fricative [ʁ]. Following early dialectal studies of Afrikaans, it was theorised that three main historical dialects probably existed after the Great...

and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the Beijing dialect. Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages...

French translation lacks dialectal examples. An English translation was published in 2024. Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey...

which has been the centre from which dialectal innovations have spread to other dialects. In London, the Cockney dialect was traditionally used by the lower...

coastal dialect of early Middle Tamil and separated from it sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries, although this medieval western dialect also preserved...

Língua Portuguesa (1606), the latter among the earliest works to document dialectal variation in Portuguese. Portuguese expansion beyond the Iberian Peninsula...

In 1861, linguist Manuel Milà i Fontanals split Catalan into two main dialectal blocks: Western and Eastern. The most obvious phonetic difference lies...

writing Occitan, some of which attempt to be pan-dialectal, whereas others are based on a particular dialect. These efforts are hindered by the rapidly declining...

homogeneous. In the modern day, dialectal variation can be found among mostly older generations. Traditionally two additional dialect groups were treated alongside...

"The Dialect of Egton in North Yorkshire". Language. 59 (2): 98–99. JSTOR 413603. Lewis, Jack Windsor. "The General Central-Northern, Non-Dialectal Pronunciation...

it is often more of an alveolar tap than a true voiced stop, and the dialectal realization varies widely; see the main article on Finnish phonology....

non-standard dialect of Urdu which was typically not written. However, organisations seeking to preserve the dialect have begun transcribing the dialect in the...

In the Ukrainian language there are three major dialectal groups according to territory: the southwestern group (Ukrainian: південно-західне наріччя,...

preserved, Aragonese speakers often use local names for their dialect. The most accepted dialectal classification is the one by Francho Nagore, who classified...

where there was more linguistic and dialectal interference. The relatively low internal diversity of Tōhoku dialects can be attributed to the later spread...

natives instead use the dialectal term 'Ah', as in 'Ah bin', meaning I have been. Thorne (2003) has said that the accent is "a dialectal hybrid of northern...

shared with some Slovakian or Ukrainian dialects.[citation needed] The South Slavic dialects form a dialectal continuum stretching from today's southern...

Intervocalic Rhotacism in Algherese Catalan" (PDF). Grup d'Estudi de la Variació Dialectal. Servei de Tecnologia Lingüística. Universitat de Barcelona. Chessa, Enrico...

remained in Middle English and to some extent Modern English dialects. The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish,...

population. Modern standard Turkish is based on the dialect of Istanbul. Nonetheless, dialectal variation persists, in spite of the levelling influence...

varieties, the Crișana dialect is easier to distinguish, followed by the Maramureș dialect. Less distinct are two other dialectal areas, one in the northeast...

degree of dialectal divergence. However, cross-dialectal communication even without prior knowledge of either Standard Basque or the other dialect is normally...

Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige...

side (dialectal, African-American English) sidelings (obsolete) sidelong (obsolete) sides (dialectal, African-American English) sin (dialectal, Northern...

removing inter-dialectal silent letters and simplifying vowel combinations. Where multiple versions of a word existed in different dialects, one was selected...

(Shimaore), is closely related to Swahili and is sometimes considered a dialect of Swahili, although other authorities consider it a distinct language...

being further divided into several dialects. As a functional category, supradialect designates a predominant dialectal form within a particular language...

where there was more linguistic and dialectal interference. The relatively low internal diversity of Tōhoku dialects can be attributed to the later spread...

Batticaloa Tamil dialect, Jaffna Tamil dialect, Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. The dialect of the district of Palakkad in...

Dialects are linguistic varieties that may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, and other aspects of grammar. For the classification of varieties...

considered as the third dialect group of Tatar by some, but as an independent language on its own by others. The Central or Middle dialectal group is spoken in...

the dialect because of historical contact. Below is a selection of dialectal words and expressions used in Åland Swedish: The Western Åland dialect is...

less than 100 kilometers (62 miles) away from the latter two cities. Dialectal forms are relatively similar along the midstream of Nakdong River but...

elaborate more reliable dialectal descriptions of the language. The criteria given the most weight in establishing the dialectal classification were the...

French translation lacks dialectal examples. An English translation was published in 2024. Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey...

Kunwinjku Language Centre. Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra:...

standards) from more dialectal varieties to more standard varieties depending on the circumstances. In German linguistics, German dialects are distinguished...

Eye dialect is a writer's use of deliberately nonstandard spelling either because they do not consider the standard spelling a good reflection of the...

Retrieved 12 October 2022. Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra:...

are less distinct than those of other dialectal areas. As a consequence, in some classifications the Crișana dialect is not individualized, such as those...

referred to as Para-Romani). A table of some dialectal differences: The first stratum includes the oldest dialects: Mećkari (of Tirana), Kabuʒi (of Korça)...

the distribution of the dialectal feature, the less likely that it will level with the standard language. For example, dialectal features found in all three...

phonemes. As in other Bedouin dialects, Classical /q/ corresponds mostly to dialectal /ɡ/, and the interdentals /θ/ and /ð/ have been preserved. The letter...

different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum. The Thai language is spoken by over 70 million people in Thailand...

ISBN 978-0-521-51485-9. Choi, Myung-ok (1998). "Gugeo-ui bang'eon guhoek" 국어의 방언 구획 [Dialectal Divisions of Korean] (PDF). Saegugeosaenghwal (in Korean). 8 (4): 5–29...

English measure or the French ⟨j⟩) in the central and western parts of the dialectal region (zheísmo), or voiceless [ʃ] (as in the French ⟨ch⟩ or Portuguese...

supra-dialectal groups: Pierre Bec places Southern Languedocien dialects in the Aquitanian-Pyrenean group and the rest of the Languedocien dialects in the...

Novgorod-Pskov dialect is also referred to as (Early) North Russian and Northwest Old Russian. Zaliznyak distinguished it from "supra-dialectal Old Russian"...

served as the lingua franca amongst overseas Chinese communities of all dialectal subgroups due to the prominence of Hokkien sailors in the Nanyang maritime...

existence of dialectal features that have disappeared today. The most interesting object of study is the origin and chronology of the dialectalisms active in...

Yola, more commonly and historically the Forth and Bargy dialect, is an extinct dialect of the Middle English language once spoken in the baronies of Forth...

from Standard Arabic into the respective dialect or when Arabs speak Modern Standard Arabic. The main dialectal variations in Arabic consonants revolve...

fleece, instead of diphthongizing to /ai/ as in the English price. This dialectal change does not occur with the words għid (easter), erbgħin (forty), sebgħin...

Tanzania. It forms a dialect continuum with Sukuma, but is more distinct from it. Konongo and Ruwila are sometimes considered dialects. Prenasalized voiceless...

northernmost part of Navarre. It is a central dialect of Basque according to the traditional dialectal classification of the language based on research...

Ramsa (Arabic: الرمسة, romanized: a-Ramsa), refers to a group of Arabic dialectal varieties spoken by the Emiratis native to the United Arab Emirates that...

Look up dialect in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A dialect is a variety of spoken or written language. Dialect(s) may also refer to: Dialect continuum...

countries, still consider the various Macedonian dialects as part of the broader Bulgarian pluricentric dialectal continuum. Outside Bulgaria and Greece, Macedonian...

Legnanese dialect (native name legnanés, IPA: [leɲaˈneːs]) is a dialect of the Lombard language (belonging to the western branch) that is spoken around...

standard dialect has evolved considerably away from the largely rural Eastern dialects and has become more urban and acquired western dialectal elements...

dialectal blocks: Eastern and Western. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects,...

Otxandio and Villarreal. Dialectal variation happens the border between the Western dialect (Biscayan) and the Central dialect (Gipuzkoan). The territory...

distinctive features that would divide it from Alemannic German. The dialectal separation of Upper German into East Upper German (Bavarian) and West...

seventeenth century inclusive saw the gradual emergence of Moscow Russian, a dialectal type which geography and history were to endow with both North and South...

of words created or changed through folk etymology include the English dialectal form sparrowgrass, originally from Greek ἀσπάραγος ("asparagus") remade...

Podolian or Podillian dialect (Ukrainian: Подільський говір) is a dialect of Ukrainian language spoken in the historical region of Podolia (Ukrainian:...

southward, eastward, and northward during Slavic migrations.[citation needed] Dialectal differentiation began during this period, though mutual intelligibility...

Coweset is only attested in a handful of lexical items that bear clear dialectal variation after thorough linguistic review of Roger Williams' A Key into...

(exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are:...

so often they will deviate from the standard, making a new dialect. In other cases, a dialect is created for use in a domain-specific language, often a...

Manda. Proto-Telugu is the reconstructed linguistic ancestor of all the dialects and registers of Telugu. Russian linguist Mikhail S. Andronov, places the...

xi yu yan xue jiao yan shi. (2003). Han yu fang yin zi hui. (Chinese dialectal vocabulary) Beijing: Yu wen chu ban she (北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室, 2003. 漢語方音字彙...

Ndebele, called the Zunda languages. Zunda languages effectively form a dialect continuum of variously mutually intelligible varieties. Xhosa is, to a...

[χ] Works on Azerbaijani dialectology use the following notations for dialectal consonants: Ⱪ ⱪ—[k] X' x'—[ç] Ŋ ŋ—[ŋ] Ц ц—[t͡s] Dz dz—[d͡z] Ž ž—[ð] W...

some Ukrainian dialects.[citation needed] Bulgarian dialects can be divided into the following dialectal groups and individual dialects: History of the...

word of 2017. There are three dialects in Latvian: the Livonic dialect, High Latvian and the Central dialect. Latvian dialects and their varieties should...

communication between people from different regions. The first evidence of dialectal variation is found in the texts of the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC)...

West. Sepedi refers to the dialect spoken by the Pedi people. Northern Sotho is the umbrella term for a group of related dialects. The two terms are often...

period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th...

Fideuà (dialectal pronunciation of the Valencian word fideuada "large amount of noodles" from Andalusian Arabic fidáwš) is a seafood dish originally from...

Sammarinese dialect is a dialect of Romagnol spoken in the Republic of San Marino by 83% of the inhabitants. It is considered an intermediate dialect between...

for the spoken dialects of Arabic used throughout the Arab world, which differ radically from the literary language. The main dialectal division is between...

Bukovinian dialect or Bukovina dialect may refer to: Bukovinian Romanian dialect Pokuttia–Bukovina dialect, a dialect of Ukrainian Bukovinian Polish dialect Bukovina...

from the Moscow dialect substratum under some influence of the Russian chancery language. The Moscow dialect had a northern dialectal base, but after...

Eastern Punjabi, which have many dialects and forms, altogether spoken by over 150 million people. The Majhi dialect, which is transitional between the...

related dialects in the region. Each major city and prefecture has a particular dialect, and residents take some pride in their particular dialectal variations...

some western dialectal phonemes corresponding to standard ll (representing a palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]). Among this group of dialectal pronunciations...

the main carrier of "supra-dialectal Old Russian". The Novgorod-Pskov dialect had notable differences to "supra-dialectal Old Russian", while the convergence...

Shona-Nyai) group of languages, collectively coded as S.10. Kalanga has a dialectal variation between its Botswana and Zimbabwean varieties and they use slightly...

Before 1859, this variant was often referred to in English as "the Canton dialect". However, "Cantonese" may also refer to the primary branch of Chinese...

Dhivehi language has four notable dialects. The standard dialect is that of the capital city of Malé. The greatest dialectal variation exists in the southern...

The Yerevan dialect now has some differences from the original Araratian dialect; in particular, it has been "cleaned" from other dialectal and foreign...

Tajik as a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language on its own. The issue of whether Tajik and Persian are to be considered two dialects of a single...

Kho'ini (alternatives: Xoini, Xo'ini, Khoeini, or Di) is a Tatic dialect or language spoken in northwestern Iran, and is one of many Western Iranian languages...

Iranian dialects and is a dialect of the Tati language of Iran spoken in Ashtian of Iran. It is sometimes considered a transitional dialect between the...

following Indo-Aryan dialects: Rangri dialect (Malvi) (rāngaṛī), a dialect of Malvi spoken in Madhya Pradesh, India Rangri dialect (Haryanvi), another...

o: kulang is pronounced as [ˈkuwaŋ] (the same as Metro Cebu dialect). The Bohol dialect developed in the region after the Cebuano language arrived there...

distinguishing a language from a dialect, scholars and other interested parties often disagree about whether Scots is a dialect of English or a separate language...

some extent, in vocabulary) as well as from Russian. The main cause of dialectal differences in Trukhmen is the contact of its speakers with other ethnic...

considered for merging. › Flemish (Vlaams [vlaːms] ) is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch...

like John L. Hayes, considered it to be descended from a North African dialect of Colloquial Arabic which was introduced to Malta when the Aghlabids captured...

German dialects ranges. In regions with dialects are being in the same dialectal region, pronunciation, syntax and words particular to specific towns even...

[ˈneːdərdœyts] (in a stricter sense); in Danish as Plattysk; plus, other dialectal variants exist. cf. the definition of high in the Oxford English Dictionary...

Retrieved 12 October 2022. Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra:...

certain areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Kurdish varieties constitute a dialect continuum except of Zaza, with some mutually unintelligible varieties,...

main Eastern dialects is provided by the Yiddish lexicographer Alexander Harkavy in a Treatise on Yiddish Reading, Orthography, and Dialectal Variations...

Nyayi). Some dialects are subdialects but have been mentioned here for completeness. For example, Valoyi and Luleke comprise the N'walungu dialect. There is...

Changchow dialect may refer to: Zhangzhou dialect, a Hokkien dialect spoken in and around Zhangzhou, Fujian, China Changzhou dialect, a Wu dialect spoken...

Albanian dialects Tosk and Gheg, in the treatment of the native and loanwords from other languages, have led to the conclusion that the dialectal split preceded...

traditional dialects are generally divided into three main dialectal areas: Jutlandic dialect, Insular Danish, and East Danish. Since the Swedish conquest...

Somalia. Maho (2009) considers it a distinct dialect, and it has been classified as a Northern Dialect of Swahili. However, it strongly distinguishes...

dictionaries typically only include standard pronunciations, but regional or dialectal pronunciations may be found in more specific works. Orthoepy is the study...

southeastern dialect of Serbian, the so-called Prizren-Timok dialect. The last is part of the broader transitional Torlakian dialectal area. The Balkan...

considered for merging. › The Punjabi language has a variety of dialects (bōlīyāṁ) which form a dialect continuum and are primarily subdivided into two groups:...

linguistic definition Fuzhou is a language and not a dialect (conferring the variety a 'dialect' status is more socio-politically motivated than linguistic)...

Contemporary Dialectal Maltese. Volume I: Gozo. Leeds: B.S.J. Isserlin. Farrugia, Ruben. 2021. ‘The Acoustic Vowel Space of Gozitan Naduri and Sannati Dialects’....

regarded as a dialect continuum, with limited mutual intelligibility between the eastern and western dialects.[citation needed] This dialectal differentiation...

linguists in and outside of Egypt. There is little written evidence of dialectal differences in the pre-Coptic phases of the Egyptian language due to the...

Within the Netherlands, however, "West Frisian" refers to the West Frisian dialect of the Dutch language while the West Frisian language is almost always...

Eastern Morocco Arabic or Oujda Darija is a dialectal continuum of Hilalian Arabic, mainly spoken in Oujda area and in a part of Oriental region of Morocco...

Chinese government defines all spoken Chinese varieties as merely diverse dialects of a single language, the frequent lack of mutual intelligibility, especially...

each month, and that only five people under the age of 50 are fluent. The dialect of Cherokee in Oklahoma is "definitely endangered", and the one in North...

Alimentation, habitat, élevage, agriculture.... (re: Abry, Christian: Le paysage dialectal.) Paris: Éditions Fayard. Dalby, David (1999/2000). The Linguasphere Register...

Autonomous Community). Based on the location where dialects are spoken, we find a traditional dialectal division of Cantabria, which normally corresponds...

been connected historically via the Tōkaidō, leading to relatively fewer dialectal differences between them. Aside from north/south and east/west differences...

the largest area and the number of speakers of all Shtokavian dialects. It is the dialectal basis of the standard literary Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, and...

Bhuliya is an Indo-Aryan dialect which carries the same name as the Bhulia people of India. It has mainly been classified as a dialect of Chhattisgarhi which...

secondary school students in the late 1990s found that the strongest dialectal aspects were found among students in the surrounding municipalities rather...

that it is heavily influenced by the standard language but it retains dialectal traits. Across Japan, the 'common language' productively used in everyday...

routes: the west and east of the Carpathian Mountains. Speakers of the dialectal group are primarily ethnic Serbs, Bulgarians, and Macedonians. There are...

Boyko dialectal area borders Upper Dniestrian dialect in the north, Hutsul dialect in the east, Transcarpathian dialect in the south and Lemko dialect in...

macrolanguage, i.e., a group of mutually intelligible speech varieties, or dialect continuum, that have no traditional name in common, and which may be considered...

the vocabulary of the Hwanghae dialect is shared by either the Gyeonggi or Pyongan dialect. Some examples of dialectal words found in Hwanghae include:...

within a dialectal region. The description below follows Huffman (1970). The number of vowel nuclei and their values vary between dialects; differences...

regionalisation of the dialects causing smaller dialectal traits to disappear and rural dialects to merge with their nearest larger dialectal variety. There is...

Servus/Servas 'at your service' as greeting phrases. Other terms are strictly dialectal, like Pfiat di / Pfiat eich (euch) (literally: 'watch over you [God]'...

features of the Kostur dialect in its old form, the most specific characteristic of which is the presence of the East Bulgarian dialectal Yat vowel, which gave...

Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France...

and where needed for clarity, such as to differentiate homonyms and dialectal use. All Lithuanian consonants except /j/ have two variants: one non-palatalized...

In Giannakis, Crespo & Filos (2017), pp. 1–25. Filos, Panagiotis. "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Giannakis, Crespo & Filos (2017), pp. 215–247....

signorie then duchies, with reciprocal exchanges of land), has caused a high dialectal fragmentation, to the point the existence of an Emilian koiné has been...

The Norfolk dialect, often specifically the Norwich dialect, is a variety of East Anglian English spoken in the county of Norfolk in England. In addition...

(Minzhong dialectal area 闽中方言区) Shunchang 顺昌, Nanping 南平, Fujian (Minbei dialectal area 闽北方言区) Hua'an 华安, Zhangzhou 华安, southern Fujian (Minnan dialectal area...

Afghanistan and Pakistan. Both Northern and Southern Uzbek are divided into many dialects. Uzbek and Uyghur are sister languages and they constitute the Karluk or...

Some of the words in the list below might now be obsolete, archaic or dialectal. Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin List of English...

However, when taking into account obsolete and rare words, and restricted dialectalisms, their number is considerably larger. Albanian is also known to possess...

particular in earlier stages of the dialectal studies of Romanian, to not recognize an individual Maramureș dialect; this view was held by Gustav Weigand...

Aromanian dialect may refer to: Aromanian language, referred to as a dialect of Romanian by some Romanian scholars Aromanian dialects, the dialects of the...

Cornish dialect (also known as Cornish English, Anglo-Cornish or Cornu-English) is a dialect of English spoken in Cornwall by Cornish people. Dialectal English...

cities and especially the capital has been mixed for generations and the dialectal differences have been lost. A notable exception is the Western Transdanubian...

The Peräpohjola dialects (Finnish: Peräpohjalaiset murteet) are a group of Finnish dialects traditionally spoken in the regions of Lapland, Norrbotten...

spoken Norwegian, where -n is masculine and -a is feminine. Colloquial and dialectal Swedish has them as well: jag har sett'n/sett'na "I have seen him/her"...

Cuba. The Ciboney dialect is essentially unattested, but colonial sources suggest that it was very similar to the Lucayan dialects of the Bahamas and...

important Bantu language in the two Congos. Maho (2009) lists the following dialects: Poto (Pfoto), including Yakata Mpesa (Limpesa) Mbudza (cf. the related...

the Chatino family of the Oto-Manguean languages. Dialects are rather diverse; neighboring dialects are about 80% mutually intelligible. For grammatical...

some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi Marathi. Marathi was designated...

division and in the Mbam and Kim division, along the Sanaga river. The dialects are Kombe (Tukombe), Cenga (Tocenga), Tsinga (Tutsingo), Bundum, Njo (Tonjo)...

once spoken in the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland. It and Luthigh are dialects of a single language. Mpalityan at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Y25 Mpalityan...

periods: an early period with little or no dialectal variation a middle period of slight-to-moderate dialectal variation a late period of significant variation...

spoken). The dialect spoken in the adjoining area of Castile and León is known as Leonese. Asturian is traditionally divided into three dialectal areas, sharing...

the great willowherb, great hairy willowherb or hairy willowherb. Local dialectal names include codlins and cream, apple pie and cherry pie. It is a tall...

Oceanic language spoken on Maewo, Vanuatu. There is a large degree of dialectal diversity. Baetora at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)...

Some words may have dialectal pronunciations not reflected by their standard spelling, and they sometimes have distinct dialectal spellings to reflect...

seen as a dialectal group, dissenting views exist, such as that of Méndez-Dosuna, who argues that Northwest Doric is not a proper dialectal group but...

known as lumpiang saging [Filipino for "banana lumpia"] or sagimis in dialectal Tagalog) is a Philippine snack made of thinly-sliced bananas (preferably...

The language spoken in Gascony before Roman rule was part of the Basque dialectal continuum (see Aquitanian language); the fact that the word 'Gascon' comes...

nǎr).[citation needed] During the Ming, southern dialectal influences were also introduced into the dialect. As the political and cultural capital of China...

The Luritja dialect is the language of the Luritja people, an Aboriginal Australian group indigenous to parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia...

the centuries, being replaced in other areas by Alemannic and Bavarian dialects. The earliest writing identified as Romansh dates from the 10th or 11th...

(conjecture) in standard Japanese, leading to the emergence of a new dialectal phrase by the Showa Era, danbe (だんべ), which became used for conjecture...

the dictionary with Barral. Robert Boisson, founder of the Academy of Dialectal Languages (French: Academie des languages dialectales) and poet of works...

dialects of Senegal, Mali and the Sahel). The Ghanaian Hausa dialect (Gaananci), spoken in Ghana and Togo, is a distinct western native Hausa dialect-bloc...

Greek dialects may refer to: Ancient Greek dialects Varieties of Modern Greek This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Greek...

are four main dialectal groups within Cebuano aside from Standard Cebuano and Urban Cebuano. They are as follows: The Boholano dialect of Bohol shares...

minimal" (pages ix-x). He concludes the paragraph on dialectal variation with: "The Rongdani-Maitori dialectal differences become gradually more marked as one...

referred to as the Okinawan dialect (沖縄方言, Okinawa hōgen), or more specifically the Central and Southern Okinawan dialects (沖縄中南部諸方言, Okinawa Chūnanbu...

The Savo dialects (also called Savonian dialects or Savo Finnish) (Finnish: Savolaismurteet) are forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savo and other...

(Canton), Wuzhou (Ngchow), Hong Kong and Macau, which is the prestige dialect of the group. Taishanese, from the coastal area of Jiangmen (Kongmoon)...

estimated that the Kumam dialect has 82 percent lexical similarity with the Acholi dialect, 81 percent with the Lango dialect. Fricatives occur only in...

classification where all these modifications are present can be seen below. The dialectal classification of E. R. Tenishev is based on four parameters: the quality...

standard Estonian evolved in the 18th and 19th centuries based on the dialects of northern Estonia. During the Medieval and Early Modern periods, Estonian...

discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin...

as a periphrastic genitive, and is a phenomenon also commonly seen in dialectal and colloquial German, and in Dutch. The forms of the personal pronouns...

(also known as Yerawa, not to be confused with Järawa), is a moribund dialect of the Northern Andamanese language, and the last surviving variety of...

speakers from a variety of dialectal areas. The standard language takes most of its features from these dialects, i.e. most "dialectal" features are reductions...

smaller dialectal territories, the largest group of which includes the central dialects. The linguistic territory where Macedonian dialects were spoken...

dialect Dabu dialect Fengshun dialect Hailu dialect Sixian dialect Raoping dialect Zhaoan dialect Changting dialect Ethnologue reports the dialects of...

The Adjaran dialect is one of the Georgian dialects. It is primarily spoken within the borders of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia, in two villages...

The variants of Romagnol form a dialect continuum with their neighbouring varieties, while the more distant dialects might be less mutually intelligible...

major varieties of Gujarati exist: a standard 'Hindu' dialect, a 'Parsi' dialect and a 'Muslim' dialect. However, Gujarati has undergone contemporary reclassification...

Project. ISBN 0-7717-0235-3. Spalding, Alex (1998). Inuktitut: A multi-dialectal outline dictionary (with an Aivilingmiutaq base). Nunavut Arctic College...

an Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family. It was a dialect of Arabana spoken by the Wangkangurru people. Wangganguru had the full...

(including presence of snow and loss of tropical floral inventory). Six dialectal variations emerged among iwi due to further internal geographical separation...

In linguistics, Khuman (ꯈꯨꯃꯟ) or Khumal (ꯈꯨꯃꯜ) refers to a historical dialectal variety of the Meitei language (also known as Manipuri language) associated...

northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian. The Safaitic script is a member...

classification of the language family.[citation needed] Lucy Therina Briggs, Dialectal Variation in the Aymara Language of Bolivia and Peru, Dissertation, University...

tokutyoo" カムチベット語 Sangdam 方言の音声分析とその方言特徴 [Khams Tibetan Sangdam Dialect: Phonetic and Dialectal Analysis], Journal of Asian and African Studies, 83: 37–58...

history, resulting in a transitional dialect between Greater Polish, Lesser Polish, and Masovian. Furthermore, many dialectal traits of the region are fading...

varies between dialects. Indeed, in stark contrast to its written uniformity, Dutch lacks a unique prestige dialect and has a large dialectal continuum consisting...

Minjiang dialect is especially difficult for speakers of other Mandarin dialects to understand. Sichuanese can be further divided into a number of dialects: Chengdu–Chongqing...

numbers and verb forms. Thus, being supra-dialectal, literary Adyghe stands in contrast to territorial dialects and serves as the unifying literary form...

Kamutibettogo syohoogen no hoogen tokutyoo to sono keisei [Dialectal characteristics of Khams Tibetan dialects spoken in the north of Shangri-La Municipality and...

Siberian dialects (Russian: сибирские говоры, romanized: sibirskiye govory) are a group of Northern Russian dialects under the lexical influence of the...

the province of Hainaut and Thiérache). Dialectal differences also distinguish western and eastern dialects.[citation needed] Three different standardized...

(1997) classes the dialect as "predominantly North-Northumbrian" with "a few features shared with Scots". Features of this dialect include the "Northumbrian...

meaning and often misleading, and it may refer to any of the following dialects of American English—most frequently to New York City English and Philadelphia...

or الداريجة), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco. It is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum and as such...

Aswan and downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt. Sa'īdi Arabic is a sub-dialect of Egyptian Arabic spoken primarily in Upper Egypt. It carries little prestige...

written toward the end of his life, around 1774–75, contains old Nepali dialect of the era, is considered as the first work of essay of Nepali literature...

western dialects form the basis of the lowland dialects (see above). The western dialects contain features common with the Moravian dialects in the Czech...

in the core lexicon. Dialectal deviations from the official grammar are relatively few. As a consequence, all Portuguese dialects are mutually intelligible...

and non-palatalized consonants. However, from a morphological and cross-dialectal perspective, it is more straightforward to treat palatalized consonants...

The Chaplino dialect (also known as Chaplinski dialect, Chaplinski Yupik, Eskimo Uŋaziq and Chaplinski language) is a dialect of the Central Siberian Yupik...

East European Language Research Center (SEELRC), p. 22 Dialectal dictionary of the Macedonian language dialect spoken in Oshchima (Trigonon), Greece...

Centre. Retrieved 12 October 2022. Evans, Nicholas. Bininj Gun-wok: A Pan-Dialectal Grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics. Bininj Kunwok...

rarely Alemannish (Alemannisch, [alɛˈman(ː)ɪʃ] ), is a group of High German dialects. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known...

Poitevin (French pronunciation: [pwat(ə)vɛ̃] ; endonym: poetevin) is a dialect of Poitevin–Saintongeais, one of the regional languages of France, spoken...

of dialectal regions often have some similarities to adjoining dialects. North-West Yoruba was historically spoken in the Ọyọ Empire. In NWY dialects, Proto-Yoruba...

linguistic features. Only later were the terms applied to hypothetical dialectal differences within both regions. Even today, the very small number of...

Mancunian one in the southern boroughs. Below are some of the most notable dialectal words, phrases and sayings in Mancunian English. Not all of these are...

residents in other countries such as Nauru and Kiribati. There are two major dialects, the western Rālik and the eastern Ratak. Marshallese, a Micronesian language...

South Australia and is one of the most easterly of the Western Desert dialects, being spoken around the communities of Mimili, Indulkana and Fregon and...

Gora and Žljeb back into Montenegro. Upon re-entry into Montenegro, the dialectal border continues through the Prokletije mountains and straddles along...

of North Russian dialectal speech. 2013–2018. Bern, Moscow. Central Russian dialects Southern Russian dialects Old Novgorod dialect Boris Shergin – a...

ISBN 9783447057875. Río Sánchez, Francisco del (2013). "Influences of Aramaic on dialectal Arabic". Archaism and Innovation in the Semitic Languages: Selected papers...

Hilali dialects Maqil dialects Hassaniya Arabic Koines Algerian Arabic Moroccan Arabic ˀAzd dialect (extinct) Huḏayl dialect (extinct) Ṭayyiˀ dialect (extinct)...

Ngoni, or Ngoni of Malawi, is a dialect of Zulu once spoken in Zambia and Malawi. The warlike Ngoni people who fled from Shaka Zulu's conquests in turn...

Giryama is a dialect variety of the Mijikenda language spoken along the southern coast of Kenya, predominantly in the Kilifi district. Labialized sounds...

significant isoglosses to justify a dialectal division; phonology and morphology (which commonly define dialectal classifications) are identical across...

until around AD 500. By the 7th century, it had broken apart into large dialectal zones.[citation needed] There are no reliable hypotheses about the nature...

of dialectal variation varies from language to language. Languages like Tagalog, Kapampangan and Pangasinan are known to have very moderate dialectal variation...

the first appearance of European loanwords. The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo) in the Early...

the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries...

The Northeast Dialect, sometimes called the Hamgyong Dialect (Korean: 함경 방언), is a dialect of the Korean language used in most of North and South Hamgyŏng...

and progressive function, therefore in stark contrast to the previous dialectal poetry. The main objective in Susanna's works is the emancipation of the...

Mercian was a dialect spoken in the Anglian kingdom of Mercia (roughly speaking the Midlands of England, an area in which four kingdoms had been united...

Benson, and Ebenezer. Ben meaning "son of" is also found in Arabic as Ben (dialectal Arabic) or bin (بن), Ibn/ebn (ابن). Ben (賁/便嗯 ) is a Chinese surname....

A standard language (or standard variety, standard dialect, standardized dialect or simply standard) is any language variety that has undergone substantial...

The Tirana dialect (Albanian: Dialekti i Tiranës, in dialect Dialekti i Tironës) of the Albanian language is spoken by Albanians who were raised in Tirana...

The Ibaraki dialect (Shinjitai: 茨城弁, Kyujitai: 茨城辯 Ibaraki-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in Ibaraki Prefecture. It is noted for its distinctive use...

further reduced towards a short, poorly enunciated [ə]. The phonemic dialectal feature of clear distinction of the unstressed o (i.e., no reduction)...

perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province...

group of dialects of Dari Persian. Afghan Persian, also known as Dari, is an eastern variety of the Persian language and has many dialects throughout...

or koiné language or dialect (pronounced /ˈkɔɪ.neɪ/, KOY-nay; from Ancient Greek κοινή 'common') is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a...

(1959). This split is blurred by the school grammar, which treats several dialectal varieties as one coherent grammatical system; e.g. Činggeltei (1979, 1999)...

Triesen (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈtriːzn̩] ; dialectal: Tresa) is the third largest municipality in Liechtenstein. It contains several historic...

italiana, Lugano / Bellinzona 1952–. Dialectal lexicon of Italophone Switzerland - Official dictionary for the dialect RTSI: Acquarelli popolari - Media...

Fårömål (Fårö Gutnish) is the dialect of Gutnish spoken on the Baltic island of Fårö north of Gotland. The name "Fårö" (in Gutnish, Fåre) is derived from...

Loki (Boloki), or Ruki, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is very close to Lingala. The Boloki (Baloki) people are...

the Levant. It is the ancestor of modern Norman, including the insular dialects (such as Jèrriais), as well as Anglo-Norman. Old Norman was an important...

for Old Occitan is [pro]. In 2007, all the ISO 639-3 codes for Occitan dialects, including [prv] for Provençal, were retired and merged into [oci] Occitan...

classified as a Rup dialect but is actually transitional between the two dialectal groups. Broad e (æ) for Old Church Slavonic yat in all positions and regardless...

kingdom of Hokuzan. The Nakijin dialect is often considered representative of Kunigami, analogous to the Shuri-Naha dialect of Central Okinawan. The number...

farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The...

Spanish ocho, French huit /ɥi(t)/), fēcī > feci 'I did' (cf. Romanian dialectal feci, Spanish hice, French fis /fi/). Preservation of most intertonic...

the eastern subbranch of Oghuz languages, as well as Khorazm, the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek spoken mainly in Khorezm along the Turkmenistan border. Elsewhere...

of Japanese language policy which refers to the language as the Yaeyama dialect (八重山方言, Yaeyama hōgen), reflected in the education system, people below...

lects that are not considered separate languages, such as the members of a dialect cluster, may also be described as descending from a unitary proto-language...

to constitute a dialectal continuum and some of the traditional Swedish dialects such as (Jämtlandic) are similar to Norwegian dialects. Finnish was the...

geographic distribution of the speakers of a language, or isoglosses of a dialect continuum of the same language, or language family. A collection of such...

Cumbrian dialect or Cumberland dialect is a local dialect of Northern England in decline, spoken in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire North of the...

of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered...

Zhuang is a Zhuang variety including the dialects of Yongning North, Binyang, Hengxian, and Pingguo dialects. 'Yongbei' 邕北 is Chinese and here means North...

the ⟨◌̰⟩ symbol; murmured voice with ⟨◌̤⟩; glottal stop with ⟨ʔ⟩; sub-dialectal variants are separated with commas. (See also the tone section below.)...

intelligible with Zulu, as is Northern Ndebele. Maho (2009) lists four dialects: central KwaZulu-Natal Zulu, northern Transvaal Zulu, eastern coastal Qwabe...

as one of seven or ten groups of varieties of Chinese but has greater dialectal diversity than any of the other groups. The varieties used in neighbouring...

The Aromanian dialects (Aromanian: dialecti or grairi/graire) are the distinct dialects of the Aromanian language. The Aromanians are an ethnic group...

Schaan (German pronunciation: [ʃaːn] ; dialectal: Schaa) is the largest municipality of Liechtenstein by population. It is located to the north of Vaduz...

called dialects. A dialect may use any desired syntax, but it must be possible to demonstrate precisely how the concrete syntax of a dialect conforms...

The Ferrarese dialect (traditional orthography: dialèt fraréś) refers to the indigenous Romance language that pre-dates the establishment of Italian,...

Tunisian in the 17th century. The Arabic dialects of Tunisia belong to either pre-Hilalian or Hilalian dialectal families. Before 1980, The pre-Hilalian...

Taranto) are the Apulian Southern Italo-Romance dialects, including Bari dialect and Tarantino dialect. In the southern region of Salento, an extreme Southern...

Tuatschin is a variant of the Sursilvan dialect of the Romansh that is spoken in Cadi, Tujetsch, and Val Medel. This dialect is markedly different from Sursilvan...

the codified version of Tuscan can be noted, yet along with fresh-new dialectal features which contribute to the modern sound of the idiom the majority...

Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan...

(Contai) dialect Kolkata dialect Shantipuriya (Nadia) dialect Shershahabadia (Maldahiya/ Jangipuri) dialect Barendri dialect Rangapuriya dialect Sylheti...

Centre and Littoral regions. Maho (2009) lists North and South Kogo as dialects. Basaa is spoken by 230,000 speakers. They live in Nyong-et-Kelle (Central...

ISBN 0-7486-1436-2. del Rio Sanchez, Francisco (2013). "Influences of Aramaic on dialectal Arabic". In Sala, Juan Pedro Monferrer; Watson, Wilfred G. E. (eds.)....

province located on the mainland. The name "Blekinge" comes from the dialectal adjective bleke, which corresponds to the nautical term for "dead calm"...

Moirang (ꯃꯣꯏꯔꯥꯡ), also known as Moilang (ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ), denotes a historical dialectal variety of the Meitei language (also known as Manipuri) associated with...

gender, and/or ethnicity in a certain speech community. An example of a dialectal difference, based on region, is the use of the words soda or pop and coke...

Supetar < sanctu petru; Sutomore < sancta maria Words in the Dubrovnik dialect like kȁpula "onion" < cepulla; kèlomna "pillar" < columna; kȑklo "fringe"...

Italian dialects may refer to: Regional Italian, any regional variety of the Italian language Languages of Italy, any language spoken in Italy, regardless...

than those between Zeelandic and Hollandic dialects, there are some minor dialectal influences in the dialects spoken in Voorne-Putten, Hoeksche Waard and...

to Tonga, Chewa, Tumbuka, Tsonga and Venda. Ndau and Kalanga are former dialects of Shona but became independent languages in 2013 because their grammar...

dialect was spoken in the cities of Erzurum (which he refers to as the dialectal center), Kars (both large cities in eastern Turkey today), Alexandropol...

Gonidec's system. They made it more suitable as a super-dialectal representation of the dialects of Cornouaille, Leon and Trégor (known as from Kernev,...

is sufficient dialectal variation in Taa that it might be better described as a dialect continuum than a single language. Taa dialects fall into two groups...

Dinaric region of the Western Balkans. The name 'oro' derives from the dialectal form of the word 'orao', meaning 'eagle', referring to how the dance is...

covers most dialects of English. In most of the United States (with high dialectal variation), and to a lesser degree in Canada, special /æ/ tensing systems...

about 450 live on Sapwuahfik. It was previously considered a distinct dialect of Pohnpeian, but was later reclassified as the two proved to be only partially...

Na (Nah) is a dialect of Bangni, a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India. Na is spoken in nine villages of Taksing Circle, Upper Subansiri District, Arunachal...

Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration, however, mazuration here is inconsistent and fading as result of a negative association with dialectal features...

Wukchumni or Wikchamni is a dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts that was historically spoken by the Wukchumni people of the east fork of the Kaweah River of...

language contact, Wuhua is affected by the dialectal assimilation of the surrounding areas. The Wuhua dialect can be found in Wuhua County, Jiexi County...

in the southwesternmost part of the Miyazaki Prefecture. However, the dialectal differences are much more localized making this three-way distinction...

Vowsi) is a dialect of the Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran. The dialects of the Tafresh...

The Transcarpathian dialect is a dialect of the Ukrainian language spoken in Transcarpathia. It is often alternatively classified as a part of the Rusyn...

Bremian dialect (Low German: Bremer Platt) is the dialect of Low German spoken in the city of Bremen. It comes from the Oldenburgisch dialect. Bremian...

is believed that the dialect dates to the Baekje kingdom with Chungcheong Dialect. Like the Chungcheong dialect, the Jeolla dialect is considered non-standard...

Gaulish origin, most of which concern pastoral or daily activity. If dialectal and derived words are included, the total is about 400 words. This is...

December 2009, pp. 122–139 Vanhove, Martine. 1995. NOTES ON THE ARABIC DIALECTAL AREA OF YĀFIʿ (YEMEN). Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies...

The Karabakh dialect (Armenian: Ղարաբաղի բարբառ, Ġarabaġi barbař), also known as the Artsakh dialect (Արցախի բարբառ, Arc'axi barbař) is an ancient Eastern...

The Prizren–Timok dialect (Serbo-Croatian: призренско–тимочки дијалект / prizrensko–timočki dijalekt) is the name given by Serbian linguists to classify...

Retrieved 13 October 2022. Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra:...

are five dialects, spread from mountainous region to the coastal region of Bengkulu, including the Musi (Musai) dialect, the Lebong dialect, the Kebanagung...

and dialect contributed to the creation of a linguistic continuum that had no clear boundaries and which, alongside English, ranged from dialectal Italian...

into the local dialect, reflecting dialectal differences. He later expanded his work to cover the entire German Empire, including dialects in the east that...

that was used in the Iliad, Odyssey, and Homeric Hymns. It is a literary dialect of Ancient Greek consisting mainly of an archaic form of Ionic, with some...

distinct nature of Montenegrin language in relation to the Serbo-Croatian dialectal continuum. Montenegrin can be written in both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets...

Cáceres, Extremadura. He wrote in a local variant of Extremaduran, full of dialectal remnants, but always with an eye on Spanish usage. Throughout the 20th...

although linguists consider Lungu and Mambwe to be dialects of a single language. There are three dialects: Milanzi (also referred to as IchiSukuuma), Kwa...

schools), introduced some characteristics considered by Vuk's model as dialectal and provincial. However, from the school year 1863/64, Montenegro began...

the large Pama–Nyungan family of Australia. It is sometimes counted as a dialect of the Western Desert Language, but is classified as a distinct language...

The Hatuqay dialect is a dialect of Adyghe, spoken by the Hatuqay branch of the Circassian people. Linguistically, it is classified as one of the Steppe...

mark. It occurs in the orthographies of Jacaltec (a Mayan language), dialectal Malagasy (infrequently used), Tol language, and Cape Verdean Creole, in...

Krĩkatí (also Krinkati or Krikati) is a Timbira dialect of the Northern Jê language group (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Krĩkatí in Terra Indígena Krikati...

There are two main dialects: the dialect of the Mandwani (northern) tribes and the dialect of the Domki (southern) tribes. The dialectal differences are...

Gostivar dialect Reka dialect Galičnik (Mala Reka) dialect Debar dialect Drimkol-Golo Brdo dialect Vevčani-Radožda dialect Struga dialect Ohrid dialect Upper...

Bataan dialect may refer to: The Tagalog language dialect spoken in Bataan The Kapampangan language dialect spoken in Bataan The Mariveleño language This...

Koibal dialect is a dialect of the Kamas language or arguably another independent Sayan Samoyed language. About 600 words of the Koibal dialect are known...

Akabo or Bo (also known as Ba) is an extinct dialect of the Northern Andamanese language. It was spoken on the west central coast of North Andaman and...

Zhaoming 戴昭铭 (2006). 浙江天台方言词考源数则 [Etymological Notes on Dialectal Words of Tiantai Dialect in Zhejiang Province]. 方言 (in Chinese). 2006 (4): 374–377...

Russian dialects are spoken variants of the Russian language. Russian dialects and territorial varieties are divided in two conceptual chronological and...

Hary, who calls it Classical Judeo-Arabic, notes it still includes some dialectal features, such as in Saadia Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch. This...

"Denasalization, Vocalic Nasalization and Related Issues in Southern Min: A Dialectal and Comparative Perspective". In Ting, Pang-Hsin; Yue, Anne O. (eds.)...

attempts to classify the Malagasy language into dialectal regions. He divided Malagasy into two main dialect groups: northern and southern. He noted significant...

data. It is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) that supports querying using a dialect of SQL and Graph Query Language. It also has built-in machine learning...

The Chwalim dialect (Polish: gwara chwalimska; Silesian: chwalimskŏ gŏdka) was a Lechitic dialect spoken up to the first half of the 20th century in Chwalim...

WESMAEL-CHARLIER, Namur. 60 pages. Kongo language course : a course in the dialect of Zoombo, northern Angola = Maloòngi makíkoongo (1987) by Carter, Hazel...

dialects, the Southern Tuscan dialects, and Corsican. The Northern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west): Florentine (fiorentino), the main dialect...

Arabic or ʿAroubi Darija (Arabic: عروبي, lit. 'rural, bedouin') is a dialectal continuum of Hilalian Arabic, mainly spoken in the western (Doukkala,...

Götamål, lit. 'Geatish speech'; cf. Swedish to Sveamål) is one of the six dialect areas of the Swedish language, mostly heard in Västergötland, Dalsland...

Southern Italo-Romance. There are notable differences among the various dialects, but they are all generally mutually intelligible. Italian and Neapolitan...

slightly depending on the dialect. The main article focuses on standard form of Yiddish grammar while also acknowledging some dialectal differences. Yiddish...

coherent set of linguistic criteria for distinguishing languages in a dialect continuum. For example, a language is often defined as a set of mutually...

l, w/. [a̠] (short retracted front): before a palatal consonant. All dialectal forms of Galician but Ancarese, spoken in the Ancares valley in León,...

Retrieved 12 October 2022. Evans, Nicholas (2003). Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra:...

as in fox, /ɒ/, which sounds slightly different in different dialects. In most dialects of British English, it is either an open-mid back rounded vowel...

Bezanozano is a dialect of Malagasy spoken by Bezanozano people in Central Madagascar. Bezanozano is an Austronesian language part of the Plateau branch...

and Denmark], and the relative closeness of their standard languages (dialectal differences within each of the two countries were greater than [between]...

Northeast Malakula, or Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a dialect chain spoken on the islands of Uripiv, Wala, Rano, and Atchin and on the mainland opposite...

standardized lect, there are two main dialects of the Belarusian language: the northeastern dialect and the southwestern dialect. In addition, there is a transitional...

single community. It refers to both a dialect found at and around Jigalong, Western Australia and many different dialect groups in the Gibson, Little Sandy...

Look up Category:Lviv Polish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The Lwów dialect (Polish: gwara lwowska, Yiddish: לעמבערג דיאלעקט) is a subdialect (gwara)...

(Persian: دزفولی [dezfuːˈliː]) is one of the southwestern dialects of Iran, which is the dialect of a part of the people of Dezful, who are known as Dezfuli...

its capture by the Ottomans in 1669, that dialect can be illustrated more fully. Documents showing dialectal features exist from the end of the 12th century...

settlements in the region, there exists some dialectal variation, most prominently in accent. The dialect is used as the language of communication in the...

ko-ko), x-x (used to express annoyance) and c-c-c. There are some minor dialectal variations among the consonants between speakers of Setswana. For instance...

during the reign of Augustus. The Rhaeto-Romance languages originated as a dialect of the provincial Latin of the central Alps. By the end of the Roman Empire...

such as Banyumasan dialects and Tegal dialect are sometimes referred to as basa ngapak by other Javanese because of the dialectal pronunciation of word...

mainly on Akuapem dialect. As the first Akan variety to be used for Bible translation, Akuapem Twi had become the prestige dialect. With the Atlantic...

vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects. Maghrebi...

Sanskrit and Bengali manuscripts. Kokborok was relegated to a common people's dialect during the rule of the Tripuri kings in the Kingdom of Tipra from the 19th...

The Oltenian dialect (Romanian: subdialectul/graiul oltenesc) is a dialect of the Romanian language spoken in the region of Oltenia, in Romania. Regionalisms...

Sloboda Ukrainian dialect (Ukrainian: Слобожанський говір), also known as Donets dialect (Ukrainian: Наддонецький говір) is a dialect of Ukrainian language...

Betsileo is a dialect of Malagasy spoken in the homeland of Betsileo people. Betsileo is an Austronesian language part of the Plateaux branch of Malagasy...

Serbo-Croatian language, dominantly of Ijekavian pronunciation. It is the dialectal basis for all modern Serbo-Croatian standards: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian...

Cypriot dialect may refer to: Living dialects Cypriot Arabic Cypriot Greek Cypriot Turkish Extinct dialects Arcadocypriot Eteocypriot This disambiguation...

The Glasgow dialect, also called Glaswegian or Glasgow patter, is a dialect or language variety spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland. It is most common...

slightly divergent dialect, sometimes listed as a distinct language. On the other hand, the Isanzu language is sometimes included as a dialect. Forms of the...

Shapsug introduces and retains a unique dialectal dynamic prefix: рэ- (ra-).  In environments where standard dialects have nothing (past tense, negative polarity...

Guwahati in Kamrup, the standard based on eastern dialects has started acquiring Kamrupi dialectal elements in recent decades. For example, the instrumental...

dialect belonging to the Western branch of Lombard language, spoken in the city and suburbs of Como. Comasco is part of the Comasco-Lecchese dialect group...

The Razi dialect was a northwestern Iranian language spoken in the city of Ray, located on the southern slopes of the Alborz mountain range situated near...

Dialect, subtitled "A Game About Language And How It Dies", is a tabletop role-playing game that uses cards and collaborative storytelling to create a...

Agri or Aagri (Marathi: आगरी) is a dialect of Maharashtri Konkani which is written in Devanagari script and is spoken by members of the Agri (caste)....

relationships between the less strongly differentiated dialects. Rhodes and Todd recognize several different dialectal subgroupings within Ojibwe: (a) Ottawa; (b)...

etc., and deriving from a late 17th-century English dialectal form. Another English dialectal form is izzard /ˈɪzərd/. This dates from the mid-18th...

dialect (Chinese: 江阴话; pinyin: Jiāngyīnhuà) is a Northern Wu Chinese dialect spoken in the city of Jiangyin in Jiangsu province. The Jiangyin dialect...

The Changxing dialect (simplified Chinese: 长兴话; traditional Chinese: 長興話; pinyin: Chángxīnghuà; Wu: dzan-shin ghe-o 長興閒話) is a dialect of the Wu language...

Krefeld's residents now speak Hochdeutsch, or standard German, but the native dialect is a Low Franconian variety, sometimes locally called Krefelder Platt,...

List Online Maho (2009) Brown, Gillian (1972) Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba ISBN 0-521-08485-7 Kulomba...

standard orthographies of the languages, but used in obsolete and/or dialectal forms. This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering...

Schellenberg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈʃɛlənˌbɛrɡ] ; dialectal: Schällabärg) is a municipality in the Unterland district of Liechtenstein...

Ndebele, and Xhosa. The Swati spoken in Eswatini can be divided into four dialects corresponding to the four administrative regions of the country: Hhohho...

the north-west in Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media). Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division...

[ˈɣroːnɪŋs] ) (or Groninger) dialects or language, known in Gronings itself as Grunnegs or Grönnegs, are some of the Low Saxon dialects spoken in the province...

Ruggell (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ruˈɡɛl] ; dialectal: Ruggäll) is a municipality of Liechtenstein. It is the northernmost and lowest elevated...

standardisation, spelling may vary widely from person to person. There is much dialectal variation throughout the island. Barbadians practising Rastafari on the...

Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular...

The Serrano dialect is an Asturleonese dialect spoken in Sierra de Francia, Salamanca (Spain). Speech in Sierra de Francia is split up into two forms:...

Antaifasy is a dialect of Malagasy spoken by Antaifasy people and the main dialect around the Farafangana district. Antefasy is an Austronesian language...

by the Egyptian writer and Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz. Its Egyptian dialectal transliteration is Awlad Haretna. An alternative English title is Children...

Beowulf is written mostly in the Late West Saxon dialect of Old English, but many other dialectal forms are present, suggesting that the poem may have...

specific to the older Vedic form of the language, as well as certain dialectal features current in the author's time. The Aṣṭādhyāyī employs a derivational...

Dholuo (pronounced [d̪ólúô]) or Nilotic Kavirondo, is a dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 4.2 million Luo people of Kenya...

century. There are at least 18 dialects of the language. Standard Georgian is largely based on the prestige Kartlian dialect. It has over centuries wiped...

High German consonant shift from t to z). There is dialectal variation, and some Jutlandic dialects may be less affricated than other varieties, with Northern...

sometimes regarded as dialects of Polish This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pomeranian dialect. If an internal link incorrectly...

Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family...

understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In a dialect continuum, neighbouring varieties are mutually intelligible, but differences...

history, resulting in a transitional dialect between Greater Polish, Lesser Polish, and Masovian. Furthermore, many dialectal traits of the region are fading...

Urat dialect), 2,060 in Wusyep Yihre (Central Urat dialect), 1,210 in Wasep Yam (South Urat dialect), and 550 in Wusyep Tep (East Urat dialect). Unusually...

interrogation of native speakers. In 1862 he published a compilation of 24 dialectal translations of the Old Testament passage, The Song of Solomon, which...

speakers; Low German, considered a separate collection of unstandardized dialects, with roughly 4.35–7.15 million native speakers and probably 6.7–10 million...

Jämtland dialects, or Jamtish (endonym: jamska [ˈjâmskɐ᷈]; Swedish: jämtska, jämtmål), are a group of North Germanic dialects spoken in the Swedish province...

Macedonian dialect may refer to: Dialects of Macedonian, the Eastern South Slavic language Ancient Macedonian language, usually classified as an ancient...

Boganga (Boyanga) Ligbe Pagibete is close, and might be considered another dialect. Bwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Jouni Filip...

Bantu language spoken by the Safwa people of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. Dialects are Guruka, Mbwila, Poroto, Songwe. There is uncertainty regarding whether...

Armenian dialects were spoken in the Ottoman Empire, predominantly in the historically Armenian populated regions of Western Armenia. The dialectal varieties...

is spoken: Crucian dialect, Thomian dialect, Tortolian dialect or Tolan dialect, Saban dialect, Saint Martin dialect, Statian dialect. The creole was formed...

similarity and mutual intelligibility, Pattaeʼ has been classified as a dialect of the Mamasa language, but native speakers consider it a separate language...

Norrland dialects (Swedish: norrländska mål) make up one of the six major dialect groupings of the Swedish language. It comprises most dialects traditionally...

Tangshan dialect is a Mandarin dialect spoken and used in the administrative region of Tangshan, Hebei Province. It belongs to the Ji-Lu Mandarin dialect group...

southwestern Sardinia. It is part of the Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum. Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features...

Cheshire dialect is a Northern English dialect spoken in the county of Cheshire in North West England. It has similarities with the dialects of the surrounding...

(Balochi: رخشانی), also referred to as Western Balochi, is a Balochi dialect. The dialect has several important subdialects and spoken predominantly in Pakistan...

by dialectal closeness or distance … In many respects, the Macedonian dialects are closer to the West Bulgarian dialects than the Rhodope dialects. However...

31826/9781463237349. ISBN 9781463237349. Dialectal form جَناوَر, which corresponds with Marathi: जनावर, j̈anāvar Dialectal form چُوَا, which corresponds with...

Southern American English or Southern U.S. English is a regional dialect or collection of dialects of American English spoken throughout the Southern United...

The West Lechitic dialects (or West Lekhitic dialects) are a group of extinct Lechitic dialects, used by the Slavic peoples of Pomerania, Margraviate...

and eastern Rup dialects based on geographical grounds) and Rhodopean dialects. The two groups are sometimes treated as separate dialectal groups. The "true"...

them are dialects of Pomeranian. Despite this, some linguists, in Poland and elsewhere, consider it a divergent dialect of Polish. Dialectal diversity...

In a purely dialectological sense, Slovene dialects (Slovene: slovenska narečja [sloʋènska narét͡ʃja], Serbo-Croatian: slovenska narječja [slǒʋeːnskaː...

shortened (győzedelem > győzelem, 'victory' or 'triumph'); a number of dialectal words spread nationally (e.g., cselleng 'dawdle'); extinct words were...

in final position it is released: [ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ] "fog". /ɮ/ shows dramatic dialectal variation. In Fengbin, a town in the center of Amis territory, it is pronounced...

think) becomes kangayu- (考ゆっ). Similarly to ru-ending verbs, the plain dialectal form of i- and na- adjectives may also have its ending changed to a geminate...

of the dialects of Greek (a sort of para-Greek), originally of an Aeolic provenance, with strong influences from the north-western dialectal area as...

Bawean people will easily recognize which village they come from. The dialectal variations of the three villages are reflected in the pronunciation of...

In Giannakis, Crespo & Filos (2017), pp. 1–25. Filos, Panagiotis. "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Giannakis, Crespo & Filos (2017), pp. 215–247....

is a variant or sub-dialect of Gheg Albanian spoken in Northeastern Albania, Kosovo, and Serbia. The Northeastern Gheg dialectal area begins roughly down...

The Guanzhong dialect (simplified Chinese: 关中话; traditional Chinese: 關中話; pinyin: Guānzhōnghuà) is a dialect of Central Plains Mandarin spoken in Shaanxi's...

language, which is spoken and understood by all, despite some inevitable dialectal convergences. The Brahmi script for Konkani fell into disuse. Later, some...

language of the deaf community of Mozambique. It is reported to have "some dialectal variation", and to be spoken in at least the three largest cities of Maputo...

Udora dialects. Syktyvkardin is spoken in the region of Syktyvkar and forms the model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided...

Lemko dialect (Ukrainian: Лемківський говір) or West Carpathian dialect (Ukrainian: Західнокарпатський говір) is a dialect spoken by Lemko people of the...

Plzeň dialect (Czech: plzeňské nářečí or colloquially plzeňština) is a dialect of Czech language spoken in western Bohemia, in and around Plzeň. It belongs...

Ayrshire dialect, also known as Ayrshire Scots, is a south-central dialect of the Scots language spoken in Ayrshire. It is notable for being the dialect spoken...

and 20th centuries saw the rise of Standard German and a decrease of dialectal variety. The earliest testimonies of Old High German are from scattered...

Linguistic analysis of the last few dozen native speakers reveals a number of dialectal differences between the North and the South of the island. Northern Manx...

desire to build an "overall system" to accommodate all English dialects, with dialectal distinctions arising from differences in the ordering of phonological...

The Haredi dialect (Hebrew: עָגָה חרדית, romanized: aga haredit) is a vernacular spoken by Haredi communities in Israel. It evolved from "standard" pre-World...

Mijikenda is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken along the coast of East Africa, mostly in Kenya, where there are 2.6 million speakers (2019 census) but also...

Baghati (Takri:𑚊𑚂𑚍𑚝𑚦) is a dialect of Lower Mahasu Pahari belonging to the Western Pahari group of languages (as per Grierson). It is spoken in the...

The Cromarty dialect, sometimes called Cromarty Fisherfolk dialect, of North Northern Scots was spoken in Cromarty, Scotland. The dialect originated from...

member of the Legio VII Gemina contains the dialectal term paramus ('plain, plateau') and the possibly dialectal form disice, providing evidence of local...

linguistics, one definition appearing has been 'the study of languages and dialects in contact and in conflict with various societal, economic, ideological...

Finnish dialects: it was deleted, or became a hiatus, a flap consonant, or any of ⟨r⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨j⟩, ⟨jj⟩. For example, historical and rare dialectal meiðän...

as a portmanteau of bind and spindle. It may also be from the Scottish dialectal bindle "cord or rope to bind things". Bindle is also a term used in forensics...

differences between his own dialect, which he called Kikamtunda, the "language of the plateau", and the Kimaravi dialect spoken further south; for example...

Yamanote dialect (old upper-class dialect) Shitamachi dialect or Edo dialect (old working-class dialect) Tama dialect (Western Tokyo) Saitama dialect (Saitama...

assuming that Attic value was [zd], it may be an attempt to transcribe a dialectal [dz] pronunciation; the reverse cannot be ruled completely, but a -σδ-...

any significant isoglosses to justify a dialectal division; phonetics and morphology (which define dialectal classifications) are identical across the...

and Herefordshire. The West Country has a distinctive regional English dialect and accent, and is also home to the Cornish language. The West Country...

also known as Brazilian Venetian or Brazilian Italian, is a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state...

are present in several dialectal forms of Yoruba, including V, Z, and other digraphs (like ch, gh, and gw). Central Yoruba dialects also have two extra vowels...

Wayampipukú (Amapari Wajãpi) is a dialect of Wayampi, a Tupian language, more specifically, a Northern Tupi–Guarani language. Carvalho, Fernando (2023-08-22)...

Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety...

unique to dialects) though the dialect of Jeju Island is divergent enough to be generally considered a separate language. The Yukjin dialect in the far...

basa Banyuwangi, is the Modern Javanese dialect of the Osing people of East Java, Indonesia. The Osing dialect uses a special diphthongization (changing...

also known as Western Punjabi, a linguistically defined group of Punjabi dialects primarily found in Western Punjab the group of all the Punjabi varieties...

language family is being considered for merging. › The langues d'oïl  are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically...

Arabic dialect continuum and is mostly intelligible with the Tunisian and Moroccan dialects. Darja (الدارجة) means 'everyday/colloquial dialect'. Like...

of the Zenati Berber dialects spoken in Tunisia and Libya. Maarten Kossmann considers the easternmost varieties of Zenati dialects as transitional to Eastern...

Sanandaj (Christian, Jewish) Throughout the history of Aramaic language, a dialectal boundary dividing western and eastern varieties has existed, running transversely...

southwestern Iran. It constitutes a Southwestern Iranian dialect group with the Dezfuli dialect, which is spoken in Dezful, the adjacent city. The main...

The Hengyang dialect of Xiang Chinese (Simplified Characters: 衡阳方言, Traditional Characters: 衡陽方言, Standard Mandarin: Héngyáng fāngyán /xəŋ˨˦.jaŋ˨˦ faŋ˥...

Vâlsoanin is a dialect of Arpitan (Francoprovençal) spoken in the Soana Valley, located in northwestern Piedmont, Italy. Vâlsoanin encompasses the set...

their dialects), South Picene may represent a third branch of Sabellic. The whole linguistic Sabellic area, however, might be considered a dialect continuum...

what, when unopposed, changes the motion of an object. Force is also a dialectal term for a "waterfall". Force or forces may also refer to: Force, Marche...

group. Maho (2009) considers it a distinct dialect. Nurse & Hinnebusch classify it as a northern dialect of Swahili.[page needed] The consonant inventory...

Gyeonggi dialect (Korean: 경기 방언; RR: Gyeonggi bangeon) or Seoul dialect (서울 방언; Seoul bangeon) of the Korean language is the prestige dialect in South...

Planken (German pronunciation: [ˈplaŋkn̩] ; dialectal: Planka) is a municipality in Oberland, Liechtenstein. It has four exclaves, two enclaves and a...

Kurima (Ffima-ftsɨ) is a dialect of the Miyakoan language, a Ryukyuan language spoken on the island of Kurima, one of the Miyako Islands of Japan. As...

The Quzhou dialect (衢州話; pronounced Wu Chinese pronunciation: [d̥͡ʒ̊y.tɕiɯ.ɦuɑ][missing tone] in the Quzhou dialect) is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken...

Ostyak (/ˈɒstjæk/), is a branch of the Ugric languages composed of multiple dialect continua. It is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct...

Neo-Shtokavian – a version of Shtokavian that eventually became the predominant dialectal basis of both Croatian and Serbian literary language from the 19th century...

constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectal sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to...

very closely related dialects. It is difficult to list them all accurately in the absence of specific studies on the dialectal variations, but these...

but there is a dialectal variation: many Netherlandic dialects use a voiceless fricative ([x] or [χ]) instead, and in southern dialects it may be palatal...

The Myeik dialect, also known as Beik in Burmese, Mergui and Merguese in English, and Marit (มะริด) in Thai, is a divergent dialect of Burmese, spoken...

Cantabrian), and Galician-Portuguese. Until a few centuries ago, they formed a dialect continuum covering the western, central and southern parts of the Iberian...

linguistic differences, Somalis collectively view themselves as speaking dialects of a common language. Some neighboring populations and individuals have...

The Ludza dialect or Lutsi (Ludzī kīļ) is a dialect of South Estonian that was spoken in Latvia by the Ludza Estonians near the town of Ludza in Latvia...

Martinet. As sound recording devices became commonplace in the 1960s, dialectal recordings were made and archived, and the audio-lingual method provided...

literature. As a standardised form, literary Welsh shows little if any of the dialectal variation found in colloquial Welsh. Some differences include: Amongst...

The Amoy dialect or Xiamen dialect (Chinese: 廈門話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-mn̂g-ōe; pinyin: Xiàménhuà), also known as Amoyese, Amoynese, Amoy Hokkien, Xiamenese...

Sonqori, also known as Sonqori Turkic, is a Turkic dialect spoken in Sonqor (Sunqur), east of Kermānšāh, in a large valley separated from the rest of...

Aqusha is a dialect of North Dargwa spoken by over 42,000 Dargins. It is the basis for the literary Dargwa language, along with Urakhi, as was developed...

of the dialects of Greek (a sort of para-Greek), originally of an Aeolic provenance, with strong influences from the north-western dialectal area as...

throughout history. The modern Basque dialects show a high degree of dialectal divergence, sometimes making cross-dialect communication difficult. That is...

Havigannada, also called as Havyaka Bhaashe and Havyaka Kannada, is the dialect of Kannada spoken by Havyaka Brahmins in Malenadu and the coastal region...

Fornes (second syllable stressed) is the dialect native to Forni di Sopra and Forni di Sotto, two villages which, from AD 1300 to AD 1700, were governed...

[æj~aj]: [bæjʔ] "bait" /ɑj/ is realised as [ɑj] or even [ɒj] in "vigorous, dialectal" Cockney. The second element may be reduced or absent (with compensatory...

The Hilalian dialects (Arabic: اللهجات الهلالية) are a continuum of Arabic dialects of the Maghreb, which were introduced during the Hilalian invasions...

dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum...

The Tingzhou dialect (Chinese: 汀州片; pinyin: Tīngzhōupiàn) is a group of Hakka dialects spoken in Longyan and Sanming (historically Tingzhou), southwestern...

Kunigami dialect may refer to: Eastern Okinoerabu spoken in the community of Kunigami Kunigami language Ryukyuan languages Northern Ryukyuan languages...

Eastern Savonian dialect spoken in North Karelia. It is sung from the point of view of a young man, about a woman called Ieva (dialectal for the name Eva...

dialect of the Votic language, spoken in Latvia until the mid-19th century. It was spoken in the city of Bauske, in Courland. The Krevinian dialect left...

that the people of Epirus spoke a dialectal variety of Northwest Doric. On the other hand, southern Greek dialects were spoken by some of the coastal...

The Achuar dialect, known as Achuar Chicham and Achual, is an indigenous language and dialect of Shiwiar spoken by the Achuar community. This ethnic group...

Margaret (2000), "Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Account of Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns" (PDF), University of Rochester Working...

The Ningbo dialect (Chinese: 宁波话/寧波話, 宁波闲话/寧波閒話) is a dialect of Wu Chinese, one subdivision of Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout...

in terms of phonetics. There are different dialects of Gan; the Nanchang dialect is the prestige dialect. Like all other varieties of Chinese, there...

long-standing debate due to its transitional nature in the Western Romance dialect continuum. The Gardiol language has been classified by Glottolog as an...