Tangshan dialect
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (May 2026) |
| Tangshan dialect | |
|---|---|
| 唐山话 | |
| Native to | Tangshan region and surrounding regions, Hebei province, China |
Sino-Tibetan languages
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in | None |
| Regulated by | None |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | zh |
| ISO 639-2 | chi (B) zho (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | cmn |
Tangshan dialect is a Mandarin dialect spoken and used in the administrative region of Tangshan, Hebei Province. It belongs to the Ji-Lu Mandarin dialect group of the Bao-Tang subgroup. Like the Tianjin dialect, it is largely comprehensible to Standard Mandarin speakers, but its greatest deviation from other Mandarin varieties lies in the different tone values and the way tones affect each other.
Phonology
Initial consonants
Tangshan dialect has 23 initial consonants, one more than Standard Mandarin: /ŋ/. The difference from Standard Mandarin is:[1]
- Open vowels with zero initials are preceded by the initial /n/ or /ŋ/, as in "安、熬、爱".
- Some alveolar consonants /ʦ, ʦʰ, s/ are pronounced as retroflex consonants /ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ʂ/, as in "暂、租、扫、测".
- The aspiration of initials differs from that in Standard Mandarin. Tangshan dialect uses aspirated initials but Standard Mandarin uses unaspirated ones, such as "堤、撞、庇", while Tangshan dialect uses unaspirated initials but Standard Mandarin uses aspirated ones, such as "炽、券、比".
- Fricatives and affricates have different pronunciations. For example, "朽" /ʨʰi̯oʊ̯/ and "摔" /ʈʂu̯aɪ̯/.
Word finals
Finals are largely the same as in Standard Mandarin, with the following differences:[1]
- The /o/ following /p, pʰ, m, f/ is pronounced /ɤ/ in Tangshan dialect, as in “播”, “婆”, “模”, “佛”. /ʊŋ/ is sometimes pronounced /əŋ/, as in “农”, “粽”.
- Some words have the initial /u/ lost. For example, “滦” /lan/, “润” /ʐən/, “暖” /nan/.
- Some Dangjiang-acquired initials that are pronounced /y̯œ/ in Standard Mandarin are pronounced /i̯ɑʊ̯/, as in “约”, “觉”, “学”, “略”.
- Other variant pronunciations: “叔” /ʂoʊ̯/, “起” /ʨʰi̯ɛ/, “谜” /meɪ̯/.
Tones
It has 4 tones, as shown below compared to Mandarin:[2]
Tone Level tone Rising tone Falling tone Yin tone Yang tone Tangshan dialect ˦˦ (44) ˦˩ (41) ˨˩˧ (213) ˥˩ (51) Standard Mandarin ˥ (55) ˧˥ (35) ˨˩˦ (214)
Tone contours
Tangshan dialect is characterized by its "melodic" tone variations, with frequent changes in pitch within sentences or phrases, especially at the end. Except for declarative sentences, the second-to-last syllable is often lengthened and its pitch raised, while the final syllable's pitch is falling-rising. These tonal characteristics are important factors in creating the distinctive sound of Tangshan dialect.
References
- ^ a b Guo Ailing. "Phonetic Differences Between Tangshan Dialect and Standard Mandarin". *Journal of Linguistics*. No. 7, 2010.
- ^ Qian Zengyi, ed. *A Study of Mandarin Dialects*. Jinan: Qilu Publishing House. Chapter 4: Hebei-Shandong Mandarin, written by Zhang Shuzheng and Liu Shuxue. November 2010.
- Qian Zengyi, ed. *A Study of Mandarin Dialects*. Jinan: Qilu Publishing House. Chapter 4: Hebei-Shandong Mandarin, written by Zhang Shuzheng and Liu Shuxue. November 2010.
- Guo Ailing. "Phonetic Differences Between Tangshan Dialect and Standard Mandarin". *Journal of Linguistics*. No. 7, 2010.
- Liu Xinyu. "A Study of Suffixes in Tangshan Dialect". Master's Thesis, Hebei Normal University. 2007.
- An Shuyi and Ruan Chang. "Several Verb Suffixes in Tangshan Dialect". *Journal of Tangshan Higher Vocational College*. No. 1, 2000.
- Liu Di. "The '着' in Tangshan Dialect". *Journal of Tangshan Teachers College*. No. 4, 2004.
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.