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inference, confounding is a form of systematic error (or bias) that can distort estimates of causal effects in observational studies. A confounder is traditionally...

observing these efforts and remarking on humanity's power in unity, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other and scatters...

the flat-bottomed hulls of the 1794-1800 designs, by the time of the Confounder class the hulls had achieved a relatively sharp cross-section, as performance...

[citation needed] Colliders are sometimes confused with confounder variables. Unlike colliders, confounder variables should be controlled for when estimating...

been previously teased through a poem by German writer Theodor Storm. "Confounder", the second single, was released on 30 April and serves as a plea for...

to identify important confounders (backdoor criterion is used for the identification). Without having one, a possible confounder might remain unnoticed...

P(Y|do(X))} X and Y are confounded (by some confounder variable Z). Earlier, allegedly incorrect definitions of confounder include: "Any variable that is correlated...

is found, then it through the unmeasured confounder, and since the NCE and treatment share the same confounding mechanism, there is an alternative path...

not take up their offers of employment. In 1997, he formed the company Confounding Factor along with co-developer Paul Douglas, who had worked with Gard...

{\displaystyle Z} that increase the risk of the exposure, but do not directly impact the outcome, and are not impacted by a confounder U {\displaystyle U} ....

adjustment, in chiropractic practice In statistics, compensation for confounding variables Setting (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles...

due to their ability to reduce selection bias and the influence of confounding factors. However, they have also been criticized for failing to reduce...

third, unseen factor (referred to as a "common response variable", "confounding factor", or "lurking variable"). An example of a spurious relationship...

predict receiving the treatment. PSM attempts to reduce the bias due to confounding variables that could be found in an estimate of the treatment effect...

negative correlation, the reversal having been brought about by a "lurking" confounder. Berman et al. give an example from economics, where a dataset suggests...

Anti-ballistic missile defense countermeasures are tactical or strategic actions taken by an attacker to overwhelm, destroy, or evade anti-ballistic missile...

baseline mathematical knowledge is not a confounder, and conversely, if baseline mathematical knowledge is a confounder, the expected value of D will generally...

startling, original genre pieces that have revelled in their own complexity, confounding every maxim by which the studios hope to appeal to the widest audience...

exception reported by the study, which analysed up to 2008, "to avoid confounding effects from the global financial crisis". A 2021 study in the Journal...

Cremona deemed it as "science fiction at its most mesmerising, its most confounding and its most exhilarating - and it all makes for a truly irresistible...

disaster and the culprit's target. Per the franchise's name, McClane confounds repeated attempts to kill him, driving his enemies to distraction, by...

ultimately – a force of lurking fascination, and which Heathcliff is unable to confound. Newman proposes that Hareton's eventual acknowledgement of this gaze,...

indices are used in spatial epidemiology to identify socio-economic confounding. In 1983, Brian Jarman published the Jarman Index, also known as the...

primary interest to the experimenter. "Good controls", also known as “confounders” or “deconfounders”, are variables which are theorized to be unaffected...

extraneous factors, referred to as confounders, with the main effect(s) of interest. A more recent definition of confounding invokes the notion of counterfactual...

2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017. Pickard, Jim (9 June 2017). "Jeremy Corbyn confounds critics with 'gobsmacking' gain". Financial Times. Archived from the original...

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mime to the recording at a deserted airfield. Lennon wrote the song to confound listeners who had been affording serious scholarly interpretations of the...

since referred to the album as having been released with the purpose of confounding the public's expectations of him, and to counter the "spokesman of a...

cancers from low doses. The detailed accounting is difficult because of confounding factors. ARS may be accompanied by conventional injuries such as steam...

depression. These correlations remain strong even when controlling for confounding lifestyle variables, suggesting a strong association between fast-food...

determinants may act as confounding factors, and need to be controlled for, e.g. by stratification. The potentially confounding determinants varies with...

describing the series' pace as "deliberate and meandering, both thrilling and confounding in its refusal to yield payoff, immediate or otherwise" and praising...

In engineering and machining, an allowance is a planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage...

causal association is considered credible, but when chance, bias or confounding cannot be ruled out with reasonable confidence"), this classification...

produced the Steele dossier. Grassley said Feinstein's decision was "confounding" and could deter future witnesses. Simpson had requested the transcript's...

significance than the former because different time controls is a potential confounder. This is particularly problematic for CCRL because CCRL uses both cyclic/repeating...

Retrieved September 8, 2017. Kelly Beatty (2016). "Pluto's Atmosphere Confounds Researchers". Sky & Telescope. Archived from the original on April 7,...

which often serves as the series' comic relief. During clinic duty, House confounds patients with unwelcome observations into their personal lives, eccentric...

the CIs computed at this level would contain the true population mean. confounder A variable that influences both the dependent variable and the independent...

known risk factors" which may have exposed those results to residual confounding. Drinking alcohol when taking ibuprofen may increase the risk of stomach...

In databases, change data capture (CDC) is a set of software design patterns used to determine and track the data that has changed (the "deltas") so that...

systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and confounder-adjusted, non-randomised controlled studies". Lancet Respir Med. 13 (5):...

isolation; usually it coexists with a variety of other factors, which may confound a study's results. Pregnant mothers who use cocaine often use other drugs...

590–594; Valerius Flaccus, ii, 8.5; Apollodorus, i, 3 § 5. Apollodorus confounds the two occasions on which Hephaestus was thrown from Olympus. Tripp,...

trademark hat is visible on screen. The film's opening sequence aimed to confound expectations of Bond fans by featuring a black and white segment with little...

are both met by Puck, who provides some comic relief in the play by confounding the four lovers in the forest. However, the play also alludes to serious...

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statistical association being caused by methodological flaws such as confounding, detection bias, reverse causality, or selection bias. The terminology...

(S04E15 and S04E16): Adam's ex-wife whose friendly relationship with him confounds Bonnie. Michael Angarano as Cooper (S05E03 and S05E10): Christy's younger...

film: "Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker". Per the franchise's name, McClane confounds repeated attempts to kill him by driving his enemies to distraction and...

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studies diminish to the null by the early 1990s; heterogeneity is high and confounding (for example, use of low-SPF products to prolong sun exposure) is a concern...

studies of the time, namely the use of austere housing conditions, which confound the results. In Rat Park, the rats could drink a fluid from one of two...

John G. (March 2023). "What's in a name? Common name misuse potentially confounds the conservation of the wild camel Camelus ferus". Oryx. 57 (2): 175–179...

and the error term can arise when an unobserved or omitted variable is confounding both independent and dependent variables, or when independent variables...

Dylan published the first part of his memoir, Chronicles: Volume One. Confounding expectations, Dylan devoted three chapters to his first year in New York...

He presents him as a divinely inspired messenger whom God employed to confound the bickering Oriental Christians, to liberate the Orient from the despotic...

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south India. Srimara was famously known as the Parachakra Kolahala ("the Confounder of the Circle of his Enemies"). The Larger Sinnamanur Plates are the major...

identify and measure the confounding variable(s). Such techniques can be used to model and partial out the effects of confounding variables techniques, thereby...

While the above scenario could be modelled without the use of the hidden confounder(Z) we would lose the insight that the symptoms a patient together with...

Furthermore, this provides clinicians with much greater control over potential confounding variables in the environment. For instance, although therapists are usually...

An Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone occurred in 2014, along with the neighbouring countries of Guinea and Liberia. At the time it was discovered, it...

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effects. Design of experiments, using blocking to reduce the influence of confounding variables, and randomized assignment of treatments to subjects to allow...

In linguistics, grammaticality is conformity to grammar. The notion of grammaticality rose alongside the theory of generative grammar, the goal of which...

distorting space and time can confuse and disorient horror film viewers. To confound viewers' senses, directors might use tilted camera angles and shots in...

correlation coefficient will give misleading results if there is another confounding variable that is numerically related to both variables of interest. This...

divorced. According to the historian Josephus: Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he...

A nonstress test (NST) is a screening test used in pregnancy to assess fetal status by means of the fetal heart rate and its responsiveness. A cardiotocograph...

590–594; Valerius Flaccus, ii, 8.5; Apollodorus, i, 3 § 5. Apollodorus confounds the two occasions on which Hephaestus was thrown from Olympus. Deris,...

reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary...

are positive. The website's consensus reads: "Skinamarink can be more confounding than frightening, but for viewers able or willing to dial into its unique...

potentially position themselves for a changing role on the play or simply to confound a defense, and is usually the one to do so. Slotback or slot receiver (Y...

size Treatment and blocking Treatment Effect size Contrast Interaction Confounding Orthogonality Blocking Covariate Nuisance variable Models and inference...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

Hess called the song "classic Spice" and "an exciting, if not a bit confounding return to form". The lyric "SpongeBob big guy pants okay" went viral...

Animism (from Latin: anima meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that places, objects, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence....

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their highly variable chorus howls have been proposed to generate a confounding effect in the receivers by making pack size appear larger. Growling,...

and the Girl Maverick: Simone de Beauvoir, Sylvie le Bon, and Their Confounding Family Romance". Adoption & Culture. 8 (2): 194–209. doi:10.1353/ado...

'Brisk' (1805)". Threedecks. Retrieved 19 November 2022. "British sloop 'Confounder' (1805)". Threedecks. Retrieved 19 November 2022. "British gun-brig 'Exertion'...

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academic philosophers, even when controlling for about a dozen potential confounds such as education. Some studies do not detect this correlation between...

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each period section, they also transcend that vantage into something confounding, yet formidable." Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter commended...

at a 2020 campaign rally for Donald Trump, which Fogerty found to be "confounding" and later issued a cease and desist order, noting that Trump obtained...

possible as it requires data on within-area distribution of the exposure and confounder variables. (Elliot, 2001) Outline of public health Elliott, P., J. C....

correlated. That third variable is also known as a confounding variable, with the slight difference that confounding variables need not be hidden and may thus...

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rapes Lolita, Patnoe finds that many "go on to subvert the claim by confounding love and rape". Near the end of the novel, Humbert states that had he...

size Treatment and blocking Treatment Effect size Contrast Interaction Confounding Orthogonality Blocking Covariate Nuisance variable Models and inference...

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contradictions that exist in all of us". Ciment notes how Kubrick often tried to confound audience expectations by establishing radically different moods from one...

unique version of the story have a happy ending? It's up to Kipper to confound the wicked witch and save Anneena and Floppy from being oven roasted.....

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is not clear, as the issue is complicated by widespread hybridization confounding mtDNA sequence analyses. One genetic lineage of the saker falcon (F. cherrug)...

particularly significant as he redeems himself at the end of Aliens, thus confounding Ripley's expectations. Notes ^[a] released on the 10 year anniversary...

as it strains, Eternals takes the MCU in intriguing—and occasionally confounding—new directions." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score...

paramedic, who gave good CPR and cardiac drugs, this is an important confounding factor to be considered in certain select cases. Out-of-hospital survival...

Retrieved July 6, 2016. "What is taffy? Let's make some sense of this oddly confounding chewy sweet". Mr Dach. March 2, 2018. In most of the UK and Ireland,...

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"Are We Missing Something Pertinent? A Bias Analysis of Unmeasured Confounding in the Firearm-Suicide Literature". Epidemiologic Reviews. 38 (1): 62–9...

grandfather so that his wife will never have existed. However, the results confound him. 1958 Tom's Midnight Garden Philippa Pearce A children's novel in which...

been found to be inaccurate due to the presence of swelling and other confounding factors. For example, an injury at the C6 nerve root level will affect...

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the hospital in the first place. Overmatching, matching for an apparent confounder that actually is a result of the exposure[clarification needed]. The control...

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HMS Richmond was a Confounder-class gunbrig, launched at Itchenor in February 1806. She captured several small privateers and merchantmen off the Iberian...

disappointed by more traditional martyrs." In 2014, BET explained that "his confounding mixture of ladies' man, thug, revolutionary and poet has forever altered...

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com. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2024. "Giroud: The record breaker confounding critics". FIFA.com. 4 December 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2024. "Thompson:...

confounding factors—any factors that would mar the accuracy or repeatability of the experiment or the ability to interpret the results. Confounding is...

The fossilized remains of fish eggs have an extensive record going at least as far back as the Devonian and spanning into the Cenozoic era. The eggs of...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

sevoflurane, and especially with children and infants) are "fraught with confounders, and many are underpowered statistically", and so are argued to need...

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2015). "Neville Brothers farewell concert was both celebratory and confounding". Nola.com. Retrieved April 9, 2018. Spera, Keith (April 26, 2018). "New...

congenital malformations: meta-Analysis and consideration of potential confounding factors". Clinical Therapeutics. 29 (5): 918–926. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera...

AllMusic. Retrieved 9 May 2021. "'Now I'm bored and old': 27 deliberately confounding follow-ups to popular successes". The A.V. Club. 17 August 2009. Retrieved...

The manticore or mantichore (Latin: mantichorās; reconstructed Old Persian: *martyahvārah; Modern Persian: مردخوار mardḫ(w)ār) is a legendary creature...

Mark Savlov of The Austin Chronicle gave it 1/5 stars, deeming it "a confounding mess despite its impressive cast and director". Slant Magazine's Rob...

for male fighting game characters", while "his moves are so weird and confounding that they make every match a constant guessing game." Bleeding Cool considered...

gift for clever storytelling, which he uses alternately to assist and confound his master, Xanthus, embarrassing the philosopher in front of his students...

2024. Newsdesk (23 May 2024). "King Charles' new blazing red portrait confounds the public". South West Londoner. Retrieved 2 May 2025. Article, Katie...

her best friend, and Ultra Richard explains the greatest mystery to ever confound the motherfucker. 2 "Shitstorm, MotherF*ckers" Fran Krause James Kochalka...

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cries out, "So then, all's out, and I have been damnably imposed on. O, confound my stupid head, I shall be laughed at over the whole town. I shall be stuck...

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in Power". V-Square. 2024. Byrne, Andrew (9 June 2015). "'Orbanomics' confounds critics as Hungary's economy recovers". Financial Times. Archived from...

Madagascar has experienced several outbreaks of bubonic and pneumonic plague in the 21st century. In the outbreak beginning in 2014, 71 died; in 2017,...

Galaxy Angel Broccoli Broccoli Unreleased Jan 23, 2003 Unreleased Galleon Confounding Factor SCi GamesPAL AtlusNA Jun 11, 2004 Unreleased Aug 3, 2004 Gauntlet...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

people of Christ and the saints of God with intolerable opposition, is confounding things human and divine, and is attempting things unutterable, execrable...

card access) Wilson, David (20 August 2023). "Lucy Letby confirms yet confounds our ideas of a serial killer". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2023...

as line-ups. In 2019 Scott wrote "The Waterboys is a timeless, genre-confounding band. We belong in no box." The Waterboys were formed by Mike Scott in...

researchers have employed methodologies that help to disentangle this confound and understand the nature and origins of individual differences in behavior...

but did so in the case of Nigeria whose cultural diversity could be confounding yet true. One Logologo Line (2004) List of Nigerian film producers List...

account of love, loss, heartbreak and recovery. It is erotic and neurotic, confounding and revelatory, summoning the spirits of such iconoclastic talents as...

in opinion polls. — Smith, Roberts & Wielen An additional factor that confounds public perceptions of Congress is that congressional issues are becoming...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

akathisia, can be difficult to distinguish from catatonic symptoms, or may confound them in the psychiatric setting. Extrapyramidal motor disorders usually...

(July 13, 2023). "'Full Circle': Steven Soderbergh's Max Series Is a Confounding Mystery". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 21, 2026. "'The Beast in Me'...

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This chapter introduces the idea of confounding and describes how causal diagrams can be used to identify confounding variables and determine their effect...

their powers and weapons between themselves and they make use of it to confound their enemies, alternating their attacks randomly and defeating all the...

Royal Navy have been named HMS Turbulent: HMS Turbulent (1805) was a Confounder-class gun-brig launched in 1805, captured by the Danes in 1808 and sold...

Jerry dates in "The Summer of George" episode. She lives with a man which confounds Jerry as to her relationship with him. Leslie (played by Wendel Meldrum)...

Girirajan, Santhosh (2015-07-22). "Comorbidity of intellectual disability confounds ascertainment of autism: implications for genetic diagnosis". American...

South Vietnamese who had served the defunct South Vietnamese government, confounding Western fears, but up to 300,000 South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation...

range of symptoms and higher risk of traumatization are related to hidden confounder variables, and there is no causal relationship between symptoms and trauma...

after accounting for confounding variables, there does not appear to be any relationship between race and deadly force once confounders are taken into account...

water, and much to the Straw Hats' excitement (and to Law's and Kid's confoundment) the one who attacked the ship is Jimbei who has finally arrived in Wano...

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wide range of emotion, "he projects an unflappable determination that confounds his fellow prisoners". "Inside Prison Break: Chain male" Sydney Morning...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

Muthukumaraswamy SD, Forsyth A, Lumley T (September 2021). "Blinding and expectancy confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials". Expert Review of Clinical...

stronger evidence of a genuine protective effect. There was a possible confounding factor in that individuals with higher education have both a lower risk...

experiments, with tight controls (part per billion measurements) on confounding metal ions and water absorbed during manufacture. Jan Czochralski - a...

other demographic factors. Stratification can be used to control for confounding variables (variables other than those the researcher is studying), thereby...

between certain main effects and certain interactions. This is called confounding. In 1993, Dennis Lin described a construction method via half-fractions...

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have endometritis (adjusted odds ratio 0.5), even after adjusting for confounding factors such as race, number of partners, smoking, and drug use. The...

Momo Mirror (モモミラー, Momo Mirā), a jamming device that can confuse and confound her opponents. She also carries the Momo Card (モモカード, Momo Kādo) throwing...

(5 June 2018). "Rare anywhere: Dodge 2000 GTX Guaranteed to delight and confound at Mopar meets and Japanese classic shows alike". autoweek.com. Retrieved...

castle's facade; and, numerous corridors that are draped in illusions to confound invaders. It is revealed that Castle Grayskull was once home to King Grayskull...

fully absorb the cruel turns of fate, and “The Elder One” is often in a confounding rush". The Hindu wrote about the movie as, "Although it does not play...

Retrieved 1 August 2023. Byrne, Andrew (9 June 2015). "'Orbanomics' confounds critics as Hungary's economy recovers". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 August...

janitorial work. Thomas' remarkable manual dexterity and intellectual acumen confound Blalock's expectations, and Thomas rapidly becomes indispensable as a research...

still impossible, because the RDD cannot account for the potentially confounding effects of other variables without randomization. The RDD was originally...

Imagistes). Synesthesia was a prized experience; poets sought to identify and confound the separate senses of scent, sound, and colour. In Baudelaire's poem Correspondences...

people of Christ and the saints of God with intolerable opposition, is confounding things human and divine, and is attempting things unutterable, execrable...

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eliminate the confounding factors. Say we study the effect of A on B. Yet, there are many unobservables U that potentially affect B and confound our estimate...

The Antonine Itinerary (Latin: Itinerarium Antonini Augusti, "Itinerary of the Emperor Antoninus") is an itinerarium, a register of the stations and distances...

neither causes the other. Some studies found "sensation seeking" as a confounder for vaping and smoking marijuana. Observational studies show correlation...

spurious." He criticized Pelham and his colleagues for not considering confounding factors in their data analyses, and pointed out that reverse causality...

improves the interpretability of high-throughput omics data and reduces the confounding effects of cellular heterogeneity, also known as tissue heterogeneity...

dell'arte). He also becomes a revolutionary, politician, and fencing-master, confounding his enemies with his powerful orations and swordsmanship. He is forced...

from the Latin script letter "O" anywhere that people wish to preempt confounding of the two, particularly in encoding systems, scientific and engineering...

Fadele described the album as "the sleekest, deadliest, most urbane, most confounding LP 1991 has yet seen", writing that Massive Attack "put current changes...

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work The Outsider. Adams described the story, as "unfold[ing] like a confounding episode of Law & Order, eschewing supernatural scares for 'ripped from...

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moment at a three-way fork, where the Road Runner's cunning navigation confounds Coyote. Subsequently, a series of comedic mishaps ensue, including failed...

God as three distinct Persons in one Divinity, all of One Being, not confounding the Substance nor dividing the Essence: as such it would be false and...

by convergence are therefore, from the point of view of cladistics, confounding factors which could lead to an incorrect analysis. It can be difficult...

Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most...

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physiological pathways for ingested vitamin D, such as the Inuit, may confound across-the-board recommendations for vitamin D levels. Inuit compensate...

Steven (March 13, 2015). "Etan Cohen, director of 'Get Hard,' is used to confounding expectations". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December...

also disrupted in eukaryotic mitochondria leading to effects that may confound experimental results. The following list presents MIC susceptibility data...

76 Clegg, E.J. "Fertility and Development in the Outer Hebrides; The Confounding Effcets of Religion" in Malhotra (1992) p. 88 "Sunday ferry for Harris...

by Bruce Lee's philosophy, often moving in a fluid and agile fashion to confound and confuse the police. They often retreated when police arrived, only...

Limited sample exposure resulting in limited result generalizability Confounding with constructs that result in the same affect as mobbing but are not...

"JCVD is a touching, fascinating piece, with Jean-Claude Van Damme confounding all with his heartfelt performance." On Metacritic, the film has a score...

hall, and just make it a ceremony in which she marries herself. This confounds her friends and disappoints her mother (Judith Light), who came to town...

a variable in statistics Scientific control, an experiment in which "confounding variables" are minimised to reduce error Control variables, variables...

released initially had simply leaked back out through the membrane, thus confounding the concentration measurement. Despite these concerns, diluted acetic...

Royal Navy have been named HMS Strenuous : HMS Strenuous (1805) was a Confounder-class gunbrig sold in 1814. HMS Strenuous (1918) was an S-class destroyer...

food. The researchers interpreted the difference in water quality as a confounding variable, and conducted a second study to control for it. Research on...

An epidemic of Ebola virus disease occurred in Liberia from 2014 to 2016, along with the neighbouring countries of Guinea and Sierra Leone. The first cases...

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narrow field of transpersonal psychology. Both authors argued that the confounding of the two domains resulted in confusion. In a summary of contemporary...

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April 21, 2021. A new series takes a deep dive into one of the most confounding mysteries in the art world: $500m of art stolen from a Boston museum...

Witkowski, E. T. F.; Lamont, Byron B. (1991-12-01). "Leaf specific mass confounds leaf density and thickness". Oecologia. 88 (4): 486–493. Bibcode:1991Oecol...

with the daevas, or rather, their various manifestations and with ways to confound them. Vi.daeva- "rejecting the daevas" qualifies the faithful Zoroastrian...

by Caway's teammate Dercori (ダーコリ, Dākori), who uses her talismans to confound Master Roshi with illusions and trap him in a single spot before using...

connective tissue disorder, as the two have separate but not totally confounding etiologies. Eosinophilic esophagitis, an inflammatory condition characterized...

(March 6, 2023). "Losing streak over: Paul George, Kawhi Leonard power confounding Clippers to comeback". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 6, 2023. Guinhawa...

raising the possibility that the drop in reported cases is due to a confounding factor such as childhood immunizations against Haemophilus and Streptococcus...

performance. Measuring the extent of the placebo effect is difficult due to confounding factors. For example, a patient may feel better after taking a placebo...

John G. (March 2023). "What's in a name? Common name misuse potentially confounds the conservation of the wild camel Camelus ferus". Oryx. 57 (2): 175–179...

school/college age demographic it depicts, just as it alternately outrages, confounds and disgusts other, presumably older audiences." USA Today's Claudia Puig...

state shall constitute a sole person in the eyes of international law." Confounding the definition problem is that "state" and "government" are often used...

their 2011 book The Beauty of Short Hops: How Chance and Circumstance Confound the Moneyball Approach to Baseball, pointing out that the 2002 A's were...

economist Thorstein Veblen. The term describes an apparently irrational and confounding form of economic behaviour. Veblen's scathing proposal that this unnecessary...

Recognizing that some of the studies potentially included the presence of confounding factors, such as the possibility that women who regularly perform fellatio...

published a paper in which he criticized Pelham et al. for not considering confounding factors and reported on how the popularity of Dennis and Walter as baby...

conditions, measures the variables of interest, and tries to control for confounding variables. Therefore, experiments are often highly fixed even before...

"mind game". Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film "Confounding, exhilarating, challenging – and the best movie I've seen so far in 2011...

R. S. Ralston, but unfortunately Krappe misreads Ralston and utterly confounds this "vy" with what is actually the "Aged One" character (or "old, old...

2025. "Movies[Review] 'The Butterfly Effect' Director's 'Ghosts of War' Confounds With Generic WWII Haunter". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 16 September...

correlation. Events may occur together simply due to chance, bias or confounding, instead of one event being caused by the other. It is also important...

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Disch reported that "the fascination of the book, what's most artful and confounding about it, is the way the line between Dick and Fat shifts and wavers...

rating of 6.6/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Vivarium may confound almost as often as it intrigues, but this well-acted sci-fi/horror hybrid...

MTV-type numbers overlaid with a pseudo-surreal style and snatches of confounding philosophical discourse that might have something to do with Einstein's...

design. This minimizes the chance that results will be influenced by confounding variables, particularly ones that are unknown. However, educated hypotheses...

work is "a riveting portrait of a place that’s as captivating as it is confounding." The book was longlisted for the 2023 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence...

allowed him to employ the nation-as-family allegory and at the same time confound it with an impossible telepathy among a multitude of children from a multitude...

you are not Bedford, you know. That's just where the mistake comes in.' 'Confound it!' I cried, 'and if I am not Bedford, what am I? But in that direction...

scoring of MMPI scales. The major concern with SDR scales is that they confound style with content. After all, people actually differ in the degree to...

specific problems with set shifting and inhibition of prepotent responses. Confounds (conditions with similar appearing symptoms) Perseveration may be confused...

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The Canberra Times. July 5, 1987. Retrieved September 28, 2024. "Lendl confounds critics". The Canberra Times. June 9, 1987. Retrieved September 28, 2024...

Diodorus calls him Spithrobates (Σπιθροβάτης Spithrobátēs), and appears to confound him with Mithridates, the son-in-law of Darius, whom Alexander slew in...

"smart but chaotic, funny but disturbing" as well as describing it as a "confounding victory". Steven Loftin, in his review for The Line of Best Fit, perceived...

2010. But by the end of 2010 insurgency-related violence had increased, confounding the government's optimism. Finally in March 2011, the government conceded...

association are the potential impact of confounding and bias in the data, which can obscure a true relationship. Confounding refers to a situation in which an...

According to Epiphanius the Scriptures call them "brothers of the Lord" to confound their opponents. One argument supporting this view is that it would have...

performances from Margaret Qualley and Christopher Abbott, Sanctuary confounds expectations with élan." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned...

is man" and a "spokeswoman". Amalgamation (names) Association fallacy Confounding variable in regression analysis Essentialism Portmanteau Skunked term...

of America, published in 2023, that "the term 'central New York' is a confounding one, which has been defined differently by various writers and agencies...

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were used to calculate the person-years incidence rate to eliminate confounding variables among the entire study population. A total of 13,273 subjects...

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by-election". STV. Retrieved 6 June 2025. Lockhart, David (6 June 2025). "Labour confounds expectations with Hamilton by-election victory". BBC News. Retrieved 6...

of 7.10/10. The website's consensus reads: "By turns intoxicating and confounding, El Topo contains the creative multitudes that made writer-director Alejandro...

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"Fossil-calibrated phylogenies of Southern cave wētā show dispersal and extinction confound biogeographic signal". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (2) 231118. Bibcode:2024RSOS...

African–Americans having a very low prevalence of about 2%.[citation needed] A confounding factor in this analysis is the existing policy of screening and use of...

list (link) Smith, G. D., Shah, E. (2002). "Data dredging, bias, or confounding". BMJ. 325 (7378): 1437–1438. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1437. PMC 1124898...

" Brian Lowry of CNN was more critical of the film, writing that it "confounds expectations in mostly frustrating ways", and that it "runs long but doesn't...

encountering Sonny. She momentarily pauses to kiss him before skating away, confounding him. Meekly returning to his old job of painting album-cover reproductions...

SH, Engel A, Penn CA, Chen R, Feinleib M (2006). "Arsenic cancer risk confounder in southwest Taiwan dataset". Environ. Health Perspect. 114 (7): 1077–1082...

25, 2021). "F9 Tops $600M WW, Black Widow Passes $300M & China Still Confounds With Hollywood Locked In Release Date Limbo – International Box Office"...

again finds RSA not "a direct measure of cardiac vagal tone" due to confounding factors. In addition, he concludes that contrary to polyvagal claims...

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teaching that Christ was a lesser god. Theodoret charged Apollinaris with confounding the persons of the Godhead and giving in to the heretical ways of Sabellius...

Jupiter is to be seen in Crete, and his sepulchre is shown", Cyprian says, confounding Zeus and Dionysus but showing that the Minoan cave cult was still alive...

statistical significance and that might be explained by a number of confounding effects; Park states that such marginal results are a typical symptom...

remove their children from "discrete instruction that deliberately seeks to confound their religious values". The parents sought to be notified when their children...

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This edition is unfortunately influential and resulted in confusing and confounding various critical understanding and response for more than a century....

and American society affect a black Marine remains accessible while confounding expectations." Caryn James of The New York Times felt the film "takes...

Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, writing: "A Shock to the System confounds our expectations and keeps us intrigued, because there's no way to know...

Kaushik". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 29 April 2016. Rajkot's mystery-man will confound batsmen; Mumbai bag unheralded Kamath "HOME". www.apsbangalore.edu.in....

American Cinema Editors. The New York Times, June 3, 1991: Press Agent Confounds the Skeptics Linked 2015-06-18 BBC News, 9 November, 2000: Lennon's housebricks...

"He's beginning to find his feet as a man of power, and he's begun to confound those who thought they'd be able to manipulate him out of hand." Sir Humphrey...

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first historian known to claim that Gannys was a eunuch. Gibbon wrote: To confound the order of the season and climate, to sport with the passions and prejudices...

Laine. A deke, short for "decoy", is a feint, a shot, or both, intended to confound a defender. Many players, such as Connor McDavid, Pavel Datsyuk, Mario...

demographic variables, are associated with birth order and serve as potential confounds. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status...

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adversary. In his first encounter with the Dynamic Duo, Riddler first tried to confound the crime-fighters with his infamous double-entry Riddle Clues and then...

populations of so-called "heavy users" remains dubious due to various confounding variables, most significantly concurrent tobacco use. Cannabis portal...

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vision, outrageously total, arrogantly complete ... a unique object that confounds and contradicts the reasonable ... a wave form sweeping up, almost lunging...

evidence remained unreliable since it did not account for the significant confounder of Type A behavior, although by then, TABP had proven to be significant...

Along with the advantages of dendroclimatology are some limitations: confounding factors, geographic coverage, annular resolution, and collection difficulties...

a change in motivation. Parsons defined the Hawthorne effect as "the confounding that occurs if experimenters fail to realize how the consequences of...

of Pitchfork resumed: "for 56 minutes Foxing alternately thrills and confounds but provides little in the way of catharsis". All tracks are written by...

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who had a daughter, Salome; after whose birth Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he...

issues should not be women's issues... they should be human issues. To confound feminism and family promotes the idea that women only exist when they have...

speech-language impairment, and/or higher support needs is very uncertain, may be confounding, and will require further research. Another limitation is most studies...

stopped being as helpful around the house. However, education may be a confounder affecting both the father's attitude and the siblings' behavior, and the...

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S. government, and that Soviet disinformation had been successful in confounding the American intelligence agency. Russian disinformation Taylor, Adam...

[for her cowardly son]). timor mortis conturbat me the fear of death confounds me Refrain originating in the response to the seventh lesson in the Office...

for example, in the observational study. Missing factors, unmeasured confounders, and loss to follow-up can also lead to bias. By selecting papers with...

Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (2001) pp. 193–200 Confounding Fathers: The Tea Party's Cold War Roots by historian Sean Wilentz, The...

lyrics to "I Am the Walrus" were purposely nonsensical and intended to confound commentators' analysis of the Beatles' work, particularly interpretations...

nonretrospective retrospective of one of America's major, and majorly confounding, modern artists". In mid-2023, Laurie Anderson created "Looking into...

how close they can be to the central circle, resulting in many studies confounding the two variables. The Ebbinghaus illusion has played a crucial role...

Merchandise". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-08-20. "What is that? Olympic Phryge confounds some, but is very French". AP News. 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-09-08....

or dice). Assigning units to treatments at random tends to mitigate confounding, which makes effects due to factors other than the treatment to appear...

completely is less likely. Plausible confounding would change the effect: Despite the presence of a possible confounding factor that is expected to reduce...

Many of their responses mentioned the album's ambition and ability to confound listeners, such as Spin's Ryan Rayhil's summarization of it as a "monolithic...

decrease to between 0.2 and 0.3 over the lifetime when correcting for the confounder that married people have their children earlier in life. A study of the...

effect for not accounting for dissolved solids and gases, and other confounding factors. Even among experiments that agree on a definition and observe...

description of differences of color or antler patterns, but actually confounds genetic variance with epistatic and statistical variance as well as compounded...

149 Californians who died between 1969 and 1990. After correcting for confounding factors such as seasonality in deaths, elective surgery, and people born...

"Threnody: Stinkfoot is Drowned" – The Coastguard & Woeful Sirens "You Can't Confound a Flounder" – Isaiah "A Foundling's Song, or Born in a Bag" – Polly "Drowned...

to believe and be likely true, but unknown to the believer there are confounding factors and extra information that may have been missed while concluding...

or mutism). The symptoms are usually psychiatric in nature, which may confound the differential diagnosis. In many cases, this leads to the illness going...

Creed: "We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; Neither confounding the Persons, nor dividing the Substance. For there is one Person of the...

24, 2025. Brady, Tara (March 30, 2023). "Please Baby Please: The most confounding film of the year benefits from a never-better Andrea Riseborough". The...

Soviet broad gauge lines or converting them to German standard gauge. Confounding German plans, the Red Army and Soviet railways managed to withdraw or...

gentrification; however, the laws had protected few apartments, and confounding factors, such as a strong economy, had already been raising housing and...

2023. Sawdey, Evan (13 October 2022). "The 1975's Latest is a 'Funny', Confounding New Missive". PopMatters. Retrieved 11 April 2023. Cragg, Michael (14...

Diane's home, Gary is told to leave by Prince Geoffrey's security, which confounds Gary. Later, over time, Paul and Diane become romantically attracted to...

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1016/S0367-2530(17)30015-4. ISSN 0367-2530. "Bee-flies and false widow spiders confound public". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-10-15. Stubbs, A. & Drake, M. (2001)...

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behaviors are caused, predisposed, and not caused by these. In addition to confounding environmental factors, the hypothalamus also contributes to dimorphic...

insults at first, they eventually begin to find some common ground. Confounding the situation is another wounded Bosniak soldier named Cera who wakes...

scholarly fashion. Amused by this, Lennon set out to write a lyric that would confound analysis from scholars and music journalists. In addition to drawing on...

(September 8, 2022). "Trailer for the third season of Pennyworth has a truly confounding comic book cameo". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September...

May 5, 2022. Rakich, Nathaniel (October 11, 2021). "Kyrsten Sinema Is Confounding Her Own Party. But ... Why?". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original...

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S2CID 6773772. Retrieved 23 January 2014. Pahati, OJ (2001-11-29). "Confounding Carnivore: How to Protect Your Online Privacy". AlterNet. Archived from...

transformations. Sanji is the most visible in a long line of problematic and confounding characters to express this annoyingly immature personality type". Eric...

offers soft cover to reduce the chance of being spotted by the enemy and to confound their aim when seen. As the Gallian forces advance across the battlefield...

may be selectively sedentary, obese and glucose intolerant. This may confound their use to model human metabolic processes and diseases as these can...

self-injury or reduced reproductive success, and in laboratory animals can confound behavioral research. Examples of stereotyped behaviors include pacing,...

in November 1868. The Bold class were a revival of Sir William Rule's Confounder-class gun-brig design of 1804. Winfield (2008), p. 347. "No. 21997". The...

But while he is their superior in tactics, the lady he has just rescued confounds him by insisting that he restrain himself, since killing people is a bad...

development." Stravinsky was particularly skilled at using ostinatos to confound rather than confirm rhythmic expectations. In the first of his Three Pieces...

effect of that independent variable of interest. This effect is called confounding or omitted variable bias; in these situations, design changes and/or...

been criticized for not taking into consideration the possibility of confounding factors, such as whether the ability to crack one's knuckles is associated...

Calum Slingerland of Exclaim! called the first disc "the group's most confounding collection of tracks to date," praising the manic nature of vocalist...

low-cancer-risk dietary habits, and concluded that "diet can be a significant confounder of epidemiological studies on air pollution and respiratory health." Although...

and high-profile opinion-leaders to discuss the key issues gripping or confounding Australia. The program premiered in 2010 with the launch of the ABC's...

that's a pleasure to watch even when her character's loyalty to Harry confounds sense." As of April 2019, Night and the City holds a rating of 57% on...

pope. Instead, they were confronted by a humble, shoeless, muddy friar to confound their hostility and pride. For a time, Leonard was the spiritual director...

September 2022). "Trailer for the third season of Pennyworth has a truly confounding comic book cameo". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 8 September...

April 2023. O'Brien, Terrence. "Polyend Tracker review: A powerful but confounding groovebox". Engadget. Retrieved 27 April 2023. Synth Anatomy. "DirtyWave...

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meals have significantly lower mortality, even when controlling for confounding variables. "Home-cooking" may be associated with comfort food, and some...

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interpolation in the text dating to circa 1300, with the text exhibiting a "confounding of the words marr and mara." Another possible example is the account...

moving satire of couple-fixated society", elaborating that Lanthimos' "confounding setup emerges as a brilliant allegory for the increasingly superficial...

member countries. A limitation of many studies of health risk factors is confounding bias: many risk factors are interrelated and cluster together in high-risk...

expert in Novels or Science fiction. The specific problem is: the article confounds the Plot summary and Characters sections, including far too much plot...

size Treatment and blocking Treatment Effect size Contrast Interaction Confounding Orthogonality Blocking Covariate Nuisance variable Models and inference...

album as "a darkly illuminated, late-career curveball likely to please and confound in equal measure. Rarely since their mid-1990s heyday has the multi-platinum-selling...

loss of Crafty, but was reprimanded for having lost contact with HMS Confounder, with which he had been in company, and for staying too long at anchor...

Yau. HotNewHipHop rated the album 79% and described it as "complex and confounding". Project Baby 2 debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with 50,000...

Garrick reported that two locked safes inside the room presented another "confounding mystery" that left staff "scrambling to find if they had the keys". Clickbait...

cannabis. Many people who smoke cannabis also smoke tobacco. This causes confounding factors, where questions arise as to whether the tobacco, the cannabis...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

sin"—or sin against the Holy Ghost—as "to sin against the Holy Ghost is to confound Him with the spirit of evil, it is to deny, from pure malice, the Divine...

the negative association between democracy and conflict would require a confounder that is forty-seven times more prevalent in democratic dyads than in other...

of a "charge" of artists that "make very forward-thinking records that confound expectations and don't leave the past (i.e., melody and songcraft) behind...

health. However, they also noted that the study could be influenced by confounding variables, as α-GPC is often prescribed to individuals with preexisting...

They pressed an initial 1,000 copies of Airplanes, which Gibbard found confounding: "We were imagining we were going to be carrying around boxes of our...

and finds excuses to get out of gym class. He is excitable and often confounds the other members and townspeople with his advanced vocabulary. Jimmy...

Motor learning refers broadly to changes in an organism's movements that reflect changes in the structure and function of the nervous system. Motor learning...

the show for its originality and "taking all of our expectations and confounding them". Alex Fletcher from Digital Spy believes that "Peaky Blinders has...

developments, the resolution is rushed, and therefore farfetched and confounding." David Lewis, in the San Francisco Chronicle, expressed the film "could...

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assumptions (see below), the design reduces both reverse causation and confounding, which often substantially impede or mislead the interpretation of results...

individuals same-sex attraction. Thus, it is necessary to control for various confounding factors. One study by Bailey et al. found that the sexual orientation...

Bias may also refer to: The bias introduced into an experiment through a confounder Algorithmic bias, machine learning algorithms that exhibit politically...

specific question. Some datasets are adversarial, focusing on problems that confound LLMs. One example is the TruthfulQA dataset, a question answering dataset...

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Only one survives, Hideo Kuze, who then sides with the refugees and confounds Section 9 as to his motives. Section 9 is radically reformed after the...

to her family that she has known of the affair all along, and further confounds them by demonstrating a total lack of sentiment on the subject of matrimony...

misfires," while Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said the film "Confounds all convention and denies all expected pleasures, providing instead the...

involved, civil authorities threateningly interrogate Bernadette, but she confounds them with her simplicity and stands behind her story. On one visit, the...

(2018). "The Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP): An Elusive Confounder of the Neighborhood Effect". Int J Environ Res Public Health. 15 (9):...

Pittsburgh Press felt the film was a "slipshod" effort, writing: "It's confounding how pictures like this continue to be marketed and bought." Tom McElfresh...

read (e.g. hääyö appears as hÃ⁠¤Ã⁠¤yÃ⁠¶). Icelandic has ten possibly confounding characters, and Faroese has eight, making many words almost completely...

523763. Ouellette, Jennifer (21 December 2012). "Black Hole Firewalls Confound Theoretical Physicists". Scientific American. Retrieved 29 October 2013...

Galleon is a 2004 action-adventure game developed by Confounding Factor and published by SCi Games and Atlus USA for the Xbox. Designed by Toby Gard as...

type" or normal phenotype. Genetic interactions (epistasis) can often confound simple interpretations of such "knockout" studies. Molecular biology is...

various helpless New Yorkers on the rooftops. The resulting bloody mess confounds detectives, Shepard and Powell, who are already occupied with a case involving...

nor with ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer when neutralising the confounder of infertility itself. Nor does it seem to impart any increased risk for...

October 25, 2010. Eric P. Olsen (February 18, 2003). "Hawaii Plantsman Confounds Greenies; Keith Robinson has a green thumb with endangered plants and...

Inclusion: The Curb Cut Effect of Accessibility Accommodations as a Confounding Variable and a Criterion Variable". openresearch.ocadu.ca. Retrieved...

Davis, Jesse; Robberechts, Pieter (2024). "Biases in expected goals models confound finishing ability". arXiv:2401.09940 [cs.LG]. "Post-shot expected goals...

(October 25, 2016). "The Mindy Project stumbles over women's issues in a confounding episode". The A.V. Club. Retrieved August 29, 2018. "'The Wonder Years'...

Julius and Astoria, but he struggles to assert himself and ultimately confounds the expectations of everyone attempting to use him. Cerebus is eventually...

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October 3, 2009. Freedman, Samuel G. (October 22, 1997). "Duvall's Battle to Confound a Religious Stereotype". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2022...

additional interaction terms in the model, for the interaction between each confounder and the primary variables as follows: Y = b 0 + b 1 A + b 2 B + b 3 C...

20% of California's voting-age population is ineligible to vote – which confounds comparisons of states. Furthermore, they argue that an examination of...

ISSN 0168-1923. Wagle, Pradeep; Kakani, Vijaya Gopal (2014). "Confounding Effects of Soil Moisture on the Relationship Between Ecosystem Respiration...

Carmen (April 7, 2025). "The 7-Minute bloomberg.5 Trillion Stock Rally Confounds Wary Investors". Bloomberg News. Retrieved April 9, 2025. "Bogus report...

skilled in speech and poetry, and created the system for the learned, to confound rustics and fools. The first message written in ogam was seven b's on a...

consequence, his forces could redeploy and reconfigure very rapidly, confounding his enemies. He created the modern Swedish Navy, which transported troops...

All-Star and won the NL batting title. Garr was a free swinger who could confound defenses by hitting to all parts of the outfield. He batted .300 or better...

amount of calcium originally present is unknown and can vary enough to confound measurements of the small increases produced by radioactive decay. The...

September 2015 Nayla Razzouk, Angelina Rascouet, Golnar Motevalli, OPEC Confounds Skeptics, Agrees to First Oil Cuts in 8 Years, Bloomberg.com, 30 November...

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production, to single out common characteristics, and just as possible to confound or to extinguish all historic differences under general human laws. Macaulay...

testing period, the Red Bull RB11 car was painted in a scheme intended to confound rival teams' ability to analyse its aerodynamics. The designer Adam Harvey...

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poetic form and diction from other cultures and from the past, further confounding attempts at definition and classification that once made sense within...

cause metabolic dysfunctions. Homocitrulline has been suggested as a confounding antigen for rheumatoid arthritis antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins/peptides...

"Confutatis" movements, which vividly depict the terror of judgment and the confounding of the wicked. Giuseppe Verdi, Messa da Requiem (1874), famous for its...

differences between groups on the type of genotyping array, as with any confounder, GWA studies could result in a false positive. Another consequence is...

the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016. "Sia Captivates & Confounds During Star-Studded Coachella Set". Billboard. Archived from the original...

a cause or a result of autism, or if a third factor is causing both (confounding). Although it is not clear whether the DMN connectivity is increased...

show's cancellation: The "Star Trek" phenomenon continues to amaze and confound me. It was incredible, and it still is, although it is gentler now than...

churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved December 27, 2024. Sean Wilentz. "Confounding Fathers: The Tea Party's Cold War Roots". The New Yorker. October 18...

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Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

Yvie Ruth Baker asserts that Pierce has employed several strategies for confounding verification of his prophesies. These strategies included the fact that...

originally collected for other purposes are often unable to include data on confounding factors, other variables that affect the relationship between the putative...

"The list length effect in recognition memory: an analysis of potential confounds". Memory & Cognition. 39 (2): 348–63. doi:10.3758/s13421-010-0007-6. PMID 21264573...

cornerstone of the series" and that they always "tried to legitimately confound expectations and put people in the moral position of rooting for somebody...

study literature have suggested that it is probably impossible to avoid confounding biological and environmental factors in this type of study. Another criticism...

it "is funny and chaotic, slick and stylish, and falls apart in its confounding second half". Rosalind Jana, writing in The Daily Telegraph, also praised...

2022. "The Rap Report: Bktherula continues her winning streak, WIFIGAWD confounds, and more". The Fader. August 2, 2022. "Slump6s Drops Off "Genesis""....

when the paired units are similar with respect to "noise factors" (see confounder) that are independent of membership in the two groups being compared....

Everyone Who Ever Lived as an "effervescent work, brimming with tales and confounding ideas". He called the author "an enthusiastic guide" who disentangles...

and is less likely to be the result of a type I error or an unexplored confound.[citation needed] The journal is divided into three independently edited...

Schumacher-Rasmussen, Eric. "Dalvin DeGrate Says Met.A.Mor.Phic Will Confound Fans". MTV. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015. Retrieved October...

sometimes a difference is maintained. See Allowance (engineering) § Confounding of the engineering concepts of allowance and tolerance. In civil engineering...

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Middle and Early Modern Irish literature, as well as the ways in which it confounds attempts to inscribe it within a realist tradition, Kenner argued that...

behaviour than members of the general public. However, because other confounding factors such as childhood adversity and poverty are correlated with both...

"Cornfield condition" that allows one to assess whether an unmeasured (binary) confounder can explain away the observed relative risk due to some exposure like...

approximation assumptions given the existence of non-common shocks or confounding events. To see the relation between this notation and the previous section...

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behold, we're hearing this animus toward Skyler White. To this day, it confounds me. Anna Gunn gave such a brilliant performance. We never tried for sympathy...

part owner of the club. In their first season at the J1 League in 2012, confounding the prediction of many critics about their immediate relegation to J2...

advisable to keep a box of tissues handy when the boy confronts the confounding world of grown-ups. "आजपर्यंत बॉक्स ऑफिसवर सर्वाधिक कमाई केलेले १० मराठी...

Shakes the vast creation round! How the summons will the sinner's heart confound! Jan Kasprowicz, a Polish poet, wrote a hymn entitled "Dies iræ" which...

his father's throne. (The later Byzantine chronicle of John Skylitzes confounds this with a later event, in which Boris and his brother escaped Constantinople...

also seems to be some conflation between the selkie and finfolk. This confounding only existed in Shetland, claimed Dennison, and that in Orkney the selkie...

persons and that "God" is a genus containing the three persons; neither confounding the persons, nor dividing the essence. The c. fourth-century Gnostic...

self-esteem, typically becoming larger in size when controlling for confounding variables. It relates positively to self-rated superiority and is inversely...

Paul Byrne, while conceding that The Wolfpack tells "a confronting and confounding true story", wrote: "Some of the boys were barely teenagers when Moselle...

How George W. Bush Is Defeating Terrorists, Outwitting Democrats, and Confounding the Mainstream Media. Regnery Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-59698-002-0...

Hiraldo, Fernando; Blanco, Guillermo; Tella, José L. (January 2022). "Confounding Rules Can Hinder Conservation: Disparities in Law Regulation on Domestic...

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runs in comparison to a full factorial, the experiments are designed to confound different effects and interactions, so that their impacts cannot be distinguished...

Moxley-Michael Skakel case, which has plenty more politics, intrigue and confounding history than this execution suggests . . . As Fuhrman, Meloni is macho...

rock." Ian Cohen of Pitchfork also described Toledo's music as "dense, confounding music that most often captures the giddy thrill of having access to recording...

considers worthless; can tell dirty jokes in Latin; and amuses himself by confounding Roscoe Rules with his advanced vocabulary. Outwardly, Slate appears to...

differences in folding patterns and in cortical thickness. All these may confound the statistical analysis and either decrease the sensitivity to true volumetric...

Doctor Faustus saying, "This word 'damnation' terrifies not me, For I confound hell in elysium." In Shakespeare's Twelfth Night when Viola says "My brother...

down the most original voice in film in the last decade," but "also confounding." Other filmmakers, including Lena Dunham, Drew Hancock and Pascal Plante...

The criminal sea captain attempts to ambush Alan for his gold but David confounds these plans and helps Alan Breck to stand his ground. A severe storm then...

common "Jewish phrases and metaphors." Otherwise we will be prone to "confound actual events with symbolical and imaginary ones." Many things are narrated...

increase in low birth weights, but there were likely many additional confounding factors. In a study published in the journal Communication Studies, researchers...

Harper Johnson, "Africa's Golden Past: Queen of Sheba's true identity confounds historical research", Ebony, April 1965, p. 136 — thorough discussion...

that spirit resisted Satan at those times, by [quoting] the scriptures to confound him. Wightman's adoption of "heresy" commenced with his understanding of...

business wrecked by Abbott and Costello's antics; at other times he would confound them completely and they would retreat in confusion as he crowed in triumph...

word may be followed by a splinter: fan + magazine  ⇒  fanzine dumb + confound  ⇒  dumbfound A splinter may be followed by an entire word: Brad +...

of his strain/anomie theory. Where Durkheim states that anomie is the confounding of social norms, Merton goes further and states that anomie is the state...

(fractional coconuts not allowed). The problem is notorious for its confounding difficulty to unsophisticated puzzle solvers, though with the proper...

Gunderson, Alexis (April 15, 2019). "Netflix's No Good Nick Is the Most Confounding Sitcom We've Ever Seen". Paste. Archived from the original on April 17...

epidemiology, for example in assessing the influence of the unmeasured confounding on the causal conclusions of a study. It is also important in all mathematical...

is to promote these ideals, the purpose of the attack on July 27 was to confound, anger and embarrass the Washington government in the eyes of the world...

Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

he has given the whole such a likeness to the dreadful original, as to confound the sceptic, and encircle him in his enchantments." In Wilson's view the...

presidency, where she was on the whole warmly welcomed by both communities, confounding critics who had believed she would be a divisive figure. People from...

deaths, or specifically for breast, lung or colon cancers. Potential confounding factors are the form of vitamin E used in prospective studies and the...

Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and...

stand alone...and appeal to the artistic sense of eye or ear, without confounding this with emotions entirely foreign to it, as devotion, pity, love, patriotism...

Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Lorenz, Gottfried (1984). Gylfaginning [The Confounding of Gylfi] (in Icelandic). Darmstadt, DE: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft...

organism. One of these is by altering the proteins on its surface, which confounds the ability of the infected animal's immune system to detect and combat...

introduce systematic errors that affect the validity of research by confounding attitudes and behaviours with the general tendency to agree, which can...

plotted book full of stories within stories, which gradually unravel to confound our expectations [...] Smith's twisting, turning novel shows that Scandi...

been controlled for in most studies, but it is likely that residual confounding due to missing factors and variation in methods still exists and is larger...

inference in epidemiology. Such models handle the issue of time-dependent confounding in evaluation of the efficacy of interventions by inverse probability...

useful since the presence of the microorganisms in healthy people can confound interpreting the antibody titer levels, although antibody levels can indicate...

find these effects or concluded that research suffered from issues of confounding variables. Social goods: British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and...

different ways that blocking can be implemented, resulting in different confounding effects. However, the different methods share the same purpose: to control...

Russian accent in her dialogue, she makes no attempt to sing with it, a confounding and distracting choice." Alternatively, Chris Jones noted in the New...

of British literature: It is the saint in them [Russian writers] which confounds us with a feeling of our own irreligious triviality, and turns so many...

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/9/1/043. Muir, H. (2003). "Pentaquark discovery confounds sceptics". New Scientist. Retrieved 2008-05-27. Wong, S.S.M. (1998a)....

Retrieved 10 July 2023. RockHard (2 May 2025). "HEAVEN SHALL BURN - 'Confounder' vom "Heimat"-Album ausgekoppelt". RockHard (in German). Retrieved 6 November...

grief about Verity's death. The identity of the murderer was intended to confound Christie's typical readers. Clotilde Bradbury-Scott is depicted as a respectable...

vary across modelers and lead to poor external validity due to these confounding modeler effects, these are some other ways that cross-validation can...

on platonic love as a rejection of homoeroticism, or as a deliberate confounding of homosocial and homoerotic relationships. Bromance has also been seen...

whether prenatal exposure, postnatal environmental tobacco smoke, or confounding factors explain this association. Ranells JD, Carver JD, Kirby RS (2011)...

August 21. Rolling Stone critic Jonah Weiner deemed the album "by turns confounding and enthralling" while writing that it "contains some of his most ambitious...

or in situ geological sources (in typical crustal settings) that would confound the decay clock, making krypton-81 a relatively "clean" choice for geological...

Retrieved February 26, 2021. Boren, Jeremy (January 25, 2013), "RIDC O'Hara confounds its critics for 50 years", Tribune-Review, Pittsburgh, PA "RIDC Business...

who had a daughter, Salome; after whose birth Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he...

(February 28, 2016). "Chris Rock's hot mess of an Oscars show: powerful, confounding, possibly revolutionary". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original...

treated the two as synonyms. In 1842, he wrote a longer description, still confounding the two names, and producing a sketch of a "wolf" based on Siebold's...