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Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the...

Umayyad Caliphate or the Umayyad Empire (US: /uːˈmaɪæd/; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established...

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire was the third Islamic caliphate, ruled by the Abbasid dynasty. The dynasty was descended from Muhammad's uncle...

The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الرّاشدة, romanized: al-Khilāfat ar-Rāshidah) was the early Islamic polity led by the first four successive caliphs...

The Ottoman Caliphate (Ottoman Turkish: خلافت مقامى, romanized: hilâfet makamı, lit. 'office of the caliphate') was the claim of the heads of the Turkish...

Fatimid Caliphate (/ˈfætɪmɪd/; Arabic: الخلافة الفاطمیّة, romanised: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate that existed...

The Sokoto Caliphate (Arabic: دولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان, literally: Caliphate in the Lands of Sudan), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a...

The Emirate of Córdoba, and from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory...

Look up caliphate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A caliphate is an Islamic state ruled by a caliph. Caliphate may also refer to: Caliphate (TV series)...

The Almohad Caliphate or Almohad Empire was a North African empire ruled by a Berber Muslim dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries. At its height, it...

2017 and 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate and claimed religious and political authority over all Muslims worldwide...

The Ottoman Caliphate, the Muslim world's last widely recognized caliphate, was abolished on 3 March 1924 (R.C. 1340, A.H. 1342) by decree of the Grand...

supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political...

The Sharifian Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الشريفية, romanized: al-Khilāfat al-Sharīfiyya) was a caliphate proclaimed by the Sharifian leaders of the Hejaz...

The Ahmadiyya Caliphate is a non-political caliphate established on May 27, 1908, following the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya...

The Caliphate of Hamdullahi (Arabic: خلافة حمد الله; Fula: Laamorde Maasina; Bambara: Massina Mansamara; French: Empire du Macina; also: Dina of Massina...

The Moroccan Caliphate or Maghrib Caliphate was an unrealized plan by the French government in 1915–1916, during World War I, to proclaim Sultan Yusef...

ʿAffān; c. 573 or 576 – 17 June 656) was the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate in Sunni Islam ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman...

province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph al-Walid I (711–750); the Emirate of Córdoba (c. 750–929); the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031);...

Umayyad Caliphate extended from al-Andalus in the west to the Indus River in the east. Polities such as those ruled by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates (in...

Caliphate is a narrative podcast published by The New York Times in 2018 which covers the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). It was hosted by...

the Republic of Turkey abolished the position of the caliphate in 1924. Atatürk offered the caliphate to Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi, on the condition that he...

Caliphate (Swedish: Kalifat) is a Swedish thriller drama television series. It premiered on 12 January 2020 on Sveriges Television. It became the most-viewed...

House of Cards is an American political thriller television series created by Beau Willimon for the streaming service Netflix. It is based on the 1989...

Caliphate State (Turkish: Hilâfet Devleti; German: Kalifatstaat) is a Turkish Islamist group based in Cologne, Germany. It was banned by the German government...

al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (May 624 – October/November 692) was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca in opposition to the Umayyads during the Second Fitna from...

helped establish the Arab Empire (including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphates and also Fatimids) as the world's leading economic power throughout the...

tribe who were the ruling family of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750 and the Emirate and later Caliphate of Córdoba from 756 to 1031. They were the first...

Sons of the Caliphate is a Nigerian political thriller drama television series created and produced by Dimbo Atiya, directed by Kenneth Gyang and executive...

refer to: Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Arabs Saracen Pan-Arabism Arab world Caliphate Arabian Peninsula List...

Abbasid caliphs. The Rashidun caliphate or the early caliphate, was the first Islamic state under the name of Caliphate, which appeared on the day of...

epitomized by his refusal to follow their practices. This refusal cost Ali the caliphate to the benefit of Uthman (r. 644–656), who was thus appointed to succeed...

organization whose stated aim is the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate to unite the Muslim community (called ummah) and implement sharia globally...

603 or 605 – April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years...

proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. In March 1924 the Caliphate was abolished, marking the end of the last remnant of the former monarchy...

al-kisa, and also participated in the event of the mubahala. During the caliphate of Ali (r. 656–661), Hasan accompanied him in the military campaigns of...

The Sokoto Caliphate was a loose confederation of emirates that recognized the suzerainty of the Amir al-Mu'minin. The caliphate was established in 1809...

the Rashidun Caliphate refers to the chattel slavery taking place in the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), a period when the Islamic Caliphate was established...

After Muhammad's death, she was politically active during the Rashidun Caliphate and stands out as a prominent female figure of the period. A muhadditha...

Muslim territories on the Iberian Peninsula). After the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century, al-Andalus had split into small...

caliphal palace and its chambers. Such an institution existed in the Abbasid Caliphate during the early 10th century. The Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz (r. 953–975)...

Slavery was a major part of society, culture and economy in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) of the Islamic Golden Age, which during its history included...

and ways to promote it in Turkey. After the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate, he was succeeded for several months by Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif and...

early caliphate. His chief books are A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira; Annals of the Early Caliphate; The Caliphate: Its...

The Cubs of the Caliphate (Arabic: أشبال الخلافة, romanized: Ashbal al-Khilafah) referred to a programme by the Islamic State (IS) to recruit and train...

Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate refers to the chattel slavery taking place in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), which comprised the majority of the Middle...

of the Prophet" (Sunnat an-Nabī) is still unknown. During the Umayyad Caliphate, several political movements, including the Shia and the Kharijites rebelled...

and corruption, the prophet's cousin and son-in-law was elected to the caliphate by the rebels, the Ansar (early Medinan Muslims), and the Muhajirun (early...

683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment...

the Ottoman sultanate in 1922, and the Ottoman Caliphate from 1517 until the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. In 1924, members of the Osmanoğlu family...

abolition of the caliphate on 3 March 1924, a conference was held in Egypt on May 1926 by Muslim scholars to consider the caliphate question. Though King...

Ali’s brief caliphate (661) as part of his father Ali ibn Abi Talib’s rule, citing a hadith that describes the rightly guided caliphate as lasting thirty...

The Rashidun army (Arabic: جيش الراشدين) was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. The...

(ISIL) from 2013–2014, is an unrecognized quasi-state and self-proclaimed caliphate that had its core in Iraq (2013–2017) and Syria (2013–2019), where it...

السفّاح), was the first caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the longest and most important caliphates in Islamic history. His laqab al-Saffāḥ means...

Pakistan. Ahmadi Muslims believe that the Ahmadiyya caliphate is the resumption of the Rightly Guided Caliphate. This is believed to have been re-established...

(Aldeigja) and Novgorod (Holmsgard) to the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate. It was abandoned around 975, at about the same time Sigtuna was founded...

The Islamic State Hacking Division (ISHD) or The United Cyber Caliphate (UCC) is a merger of several hacker groups self-identifying as the digital army...

Hellenization of Anatolia. 1090 GHAZNAVID EMPIRE KIPCHAKS PECHENEGS FATIMID CALIPHATE UYUNIDS GEORGIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE RUM YADAVAS KARAKHANID KHANATE ◁ ▷ According...

death, Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor. During Umar's reign, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and...

including the Achaemenid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta; the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern regions, the Hindu Shahis, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate...

Between 633 and 651, the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under the Islamic prophet...

armies expanded rapidly under the succeeding Rashidun Caliphate and then the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in Islamic law being extended throughout most...

Muhammad, the Islamic prophet. He served as the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 632 until his death in 634. Abu Bakr was granted the honorific...

Caliphate Day or Khilafat Day (Urdu: یوم خلافت, Arabic: يوم الخلافة) is commemorated annually on 27 May by members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community....

held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171)...

romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu...

under his distant kinsman Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate. During the reign of Mu'awiya's son and successor Yazid I (r. 680–683)...

is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate following the Mongol invasions and the siege of Baghdad in 1258. Alternative...

century. This includes the periods of the Emirate of Córdoba (756–929), the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031), the Taifas (11th century), Almoravid rule (1085–1145)...

as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031. They were a recurring feature of al-Andalus...

Islamic state in Medina, established by the prophet Muhammad, and the Arab caliphates which continued under his successors, such as the Rashidun and Umayyads...

branches of the Umayyad dynasty, the Sufyanids who founded the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 and the Marwanids who succeeded them in 684. He was designated...

known as Hārūn al-Rashīd, was the fifth Abbasid caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from September 786 until his death in March 809. His reign is...

قوای انضباطیه, lit. 'Forces of Order'; Turkish: Hilafet Ordusu, lit. 'Caliphate Army') was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government...

this period, they forged the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). These Arab dynasties ruled...

an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the reign of Murad I (1362–1389). The caliphate was officially...

Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate. They were the rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate, as well as the generally recognized ecumenical...

that advocates the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state, often a caliphate or an international organization with Islamic principles. Historically...

550s–11th century Medieval period CE / AD Rashidun Caliphate 632–661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349...

military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685). By the time of Abd...

doctrines of IS include its belief that it represents a restoration of the caliphate of early Islam to which all Muslims are required to pledge allegiance;...

Aztec Benin Bornu Bruneian Bulgarian First Second Burmese First Calakmul Caliphate Rashidun Umayyad Abbasid Fatimid Chalukya Western Eastern Chinese Sui...

early 19th century the migrating Fulani Jihadis culminated in the Sokoto Caliphate. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th...

referred to as the second fitna of al-Andalus, was a civil war in the Caliphate of Córdoba. It began in the year 1009 with a coup d'état which led to...

same time as the imams of the Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam. Fatimid Caliphate portal List of Caliphs List of rulers of Egypt List of Ismaili imams While...

Khilafat o Mulukiyat (transl. Caliphate and Kingship) is a 1966 book by Abul Ala Maududi as a refutation of the book, The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah and Yazid by...

converted to Islam. Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate. The two main Islamic branches are Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia Islam...

2025, Morocco destroyed a terrorist cell known as "The Lions of the Caliphate in the Maghreb Al Aqsa." A similar cell was uncovered in the Spanish cities...

had taken place under the Rashidun Caliphate, but it was not until after the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate that an organized military effort was...

Hisham was born in Damascus, the administrative capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, in AH 72 (691–692 CE). His father was the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik...

of battles took place in the Indian subcontinent between the Umayyad Caliphate and Indian kingdoms situated to the east of the Indus River, beginning...

assured the integrity of the Caliphate and the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the newly emerging Rashidun Caliphate. In 637, Julfar—situated within...

under the rule of different Arab Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. The 11th century saw the establishment of...

who later became Muhammad's wife. During the early struggles for the caliphate, he supported Ali, and was made governor of Basra. He withdrew to Mecca...

Al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-ʿUzma (transl. The Caliphate or the Supreme Imamate; Arabic: الخلافة أو الإمامة العظمى) is an Islamic political treatise published...

The Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Visigothic Kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The conquest resulted in the end of Christian...

pilgrims and even invaded and raided Iraq, the heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 927–928. In 928, the Qarmatian leader Abu Tahir al-Jannabi became...

men." However, al-Musta'sim had to face the greatest menace against the caliphate since its establishment in 632: the invasion of the Mongol forces that...

the field of historical geography. His work "Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate: from contemporary Arabic and Persian sources," (1900) revisited, among...

confirmed that power." After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750, internal conflicts within al-Andalus, including...

by the Ptolemaic Empire, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates, the French Lusignans, and the Venetians was followed by over three centuries...

the second civil war in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad Caliphate. It followed the death of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I in 680,...

Hejaz, even if he refused this title, from 1916 to 1924. He accepted the Caliphate after delegations from the Hijaz and neighboring regions urged him to...

under the Arabic name Al-Andalus, became part of the expanding Umayyad Caliphate. The unsuccessful second siege of Constantinople (717) weakened the Umayyad...

teacher, poet, revolutionary and a philosopher who founded the Sokoto Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph. Born in Gobir, Usman was a descendant of...

(Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Abbasid Caliphate, and set a model that was widely emulated in the Muslim world. Many viziers...

Empire, survived, though in the 7th century the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate conquered the southern part of the Roman territory. Many...

restrictions relating to occupations, clothing, and weapons. The Umayyad Caliphate persecuted many Berber Christians in the 7th and 8th centuries AD, who...

711, the Iberian Peninsula was invaded from the south by the Umayyad Caliphate, which expanded rapidly and by 716 most of the peninsula was part of al-Andalus...

Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus. It follows his journey from birth, through his rule in Damascus, until his death. The series also covers the caliphates of Abu...

maneuver the assembly to ensure his own election. He consolidated his caliphate by empowering the Quraysh, sidelining the Ansar, who supported Ali, and...

early 8th century, most of the peninsula was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, with Al-Andalus centred on Córdoba. The northern Christian kingdoms of...

(Arabic: أبو بكر أتيكو; 1782–1842) was the third Sultan of the Sokoto Caliphate, reigning from October 1837 until November 1842. Abu Bakr Atiku dan Shehu...

country of Iraq. It spelled the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate, which would last from 750 to 1258. The revolution...

2011. A Salafi jihadist, bin Laden worked to establish a pan-Islamist caliphate by using al-Qaeda to organize and fund jihadist militants and terrorists...

the Quran, Sunnah, and the precedents of the early Islamic Caliphates i.e. Rashidun Caliphate. It seeks to reform the country's socio-political structure...

(Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Fatimid Caliphate for most of the Egyptian period of its existence. Originally it was held...

(2008). Heresy and the Politics of Community: The Jews of the Fatimid Caliphate. Ithaca: Cornell University Press., p. 202. Seder HaDoroth, p. 252, 1878...

regime was cemented around him. This included abolishing the Ottoman caliphate and curtailing religion as part of a larger secularist campaign. The semi-secular...

the Sena Empire. Islam was introduced through trade with the Abbasid Caliphate, but following the Ghurid conquests led by Bakhtiyar Khalji and the establishment...

relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids...

annexed by the Rashidun Caliphate (638–661), which was succeeded by the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and then by the Abbasid Caliphate (749–861). Under the...

al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, al-Walid's powerful viceroy of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate. Sulayman resented al-Hajjaj's influence over his brother. As governor...

Byzantine Egypt, large parts of Persia, and established the Rashidun Caliphate. Muhammad's conjugal life can defined into two periods: pre-hijra in Mecca...

and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the last caliphate. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital in Ankara, palaces...

collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate. By 750 CE, the Abbasids successfully overthrew the Umayyads, establishing a new caliphate under Hashemite leadership...

rival for the caliphate, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria, won the war and made Damascus the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, which he founded...

spread to the Caliphate in the 9th century. The bottom stroke was dropped around the 10th century in the western parts of the Caliphate, such as the Maghreb...

al-Hāshimiyya (fl. 9th century CE) was a singer and poet in the Abbasid Caliphate. She was ranked third by contemporaries, with only the singers Ishaq al-Mawsili...

up the military. In 642 AD, the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Byzantine Egypt. Egypt under the Fatimid Caliphate was prosperous. Dams and canals were repaired...

for global religious dominance between the Catholic Church and Ottoman Caliphate. The peak of the conflict was in the 16th century, during the reigns of...

This is the list of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate ranked chronologically from 632, with the first caliph Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, to the last caliph...

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), the second major caliphate, by the Hashimiyya movement, resulting in the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517)...

Axis (2005) and Europe, Globalization, and the Coming of the Universal Caliphate (2011) originated the Eurabia conspiracy theory, which alleged a relationship...

East—once part of the Byzantine Empire—came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although...

the Abbasid (black band), Umayyad (white band), and Fatimid or Rashidun caliphates (green band). The red chevron represents the Hashemite dynasty, and the...

Badghis, Abiward, Gharjistan, Tus and Sarakhs. With the rise of the Umayyad Caliphate, the designation was inherited and likewise stretched as far as their...

Marrakesh, which was the capital of the Almoravid dynasty, the Almohad Caliphate, and the Saadian dynasty. During the Almoravid dynasty, the city of Marrakesh...

roles in that province and the latter went on to establish the Umayyad Caliphate in 661. Abu Sufyan's given name was Sakhr and he was born around c. 560...

Andalusi military leader and statesman. As the chancellor of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba and hajib (chamberlain) for Caliph Hisham II, Almanzor was...

established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin had originally served the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din, leading the...

attack Kurdish forces who assisted the US in the destruction of the ISIS Caliphate." In November 2019, Graham blocked a Senate resolution to officially recognize...

restrictions on the Alids and the remaining descendants of the Umayyad caliphate, and treated them cruelly. He cut all the allowances al-Mahdi previously...

Cairo-based Fatimid Caliphate who was an Isma'ili (a branch within Shia Islam), and realigned Egypt with the Baghdad-based Sunni Abbasid Caliphate. In the following...

examples of muqarnas elements supporting domes from the Fatimid Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate in the 11th century, as well as crossed-arch domes in the...

632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate. In September 632, Laqit, the leader of the Banu Azd tribe, prepared an...

Abu Lu'lu'a was brought to Medina, the then-capital of the Rashidun Caliphate, which was normally off-limits to non-Arab captives. However, as a highly...

ibn Yusuf, his father's powerful viceroy over the eastern half of the caliphate. During his reign, armies commissioned by al-Hajjaj conquered Sind and...

what, in the judgment of posterity, was the golden age of the Abbasid Caliphate. The abrupt downfall of the powerful Barmakid family, which had dominated...

His father became the eighth Abbasid caliph of the Caliphate in 833. His father ruled the caliphate for eight years and he was succeeded by his elder son...

Islamic thought and government. Baghdad was once the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and a center of Islamic scholarship. The famous Sunni thinker Abu Hanifa...

fell after the Islamic conquest of Persia and was a part of the Abbasid Caliphate before gaining independence during the Samanid Empire. Bukhara has been...

636 and 637/38, during the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the Rashidun Caliphate took Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire. It began when the Rashidun army...

الزنج Thawrat al-Zanj / Zinj) was a major revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate, which took place from 869 until 883. Begun near the city of Basra in...

responsible for the assassination of Ali in 661. For some, the brief caliphate of Ali was characterized by his honesty, his unbending devotion to Islam...

"Storm and Stress along the Northern Frontiers of the 'Abbasid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Mu'tasim A.D. 833-842/A.H. 218-227", SUNY Press, 1991. Footnote...

overthrow of the Rashidun Caliphate by the Umayyad Caliphate, followed by the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate by the Abbasid Caliphate A history of Abbasid...

and is considered a major step towards the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate. The battlefield was located in Siffin, a ruined Byzantine-era village...

remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Four...

although their main migration occurred after the establishment of Umayyad Caliphate. They were one of the prominent ethnic groups in lower Iraq during the...

• 1420–1465 (last) Abd al-Haqq II History   • Established 1244 • Disestablished 1465 Currency Dinar Preceded by Succeeded by Almohad Caliphate Wattasid dynasty...

prince of the Mongol Empire, attacked the historic capital of the Abbasid Caliphate after a series of provocations from its ruler, caliph al-Musta'sim. Within...

(636–638), and the dīwān of the Caliphate's other garrison centers followed its organization. With the advent of the Umayyad Caliphate, the number of dīwāns increased...

immigration and Arabization in major urban centers. Fleeing the Abbasid Caliphate to the east in the aftermath of the Battle of Fakhkh, Idris I first established...

Aqur or Iqlim Aqur, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, spanning at minimum most of Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazira proper), divided...

ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is...

its governor Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan. The Red Sea was left to the Rashidun Caliphate in 646, and the port city of Adulis was plundered by Arab Muslims in the...

official state language of government across the entire caliphate. While the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) originally gained power by exploiting the social...

refers to the slave trade conducted between the Duchy of Bohemia and the Caliphate of Córdoba in Moorish al-Andalus in roughly the 9th–11th century in the...

Javidhan. It was one of the largest Persian uprisings against the Abbasid Caliphate and occurred during the reigns of Al-Ma'mun and Al-Mu'tasim, lasting for...

(632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other Muslim states in Asia, Africa, and Europe....

Abbasid Caliphate Slavery in al-Andalus Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate Volga Bulgarian...

اليرموك) was a major battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate near the Yarmouk River in Byzantine Syria that marked a crucial point...

successor Yahya ibn Zayd against the Umayyad Caliphate, which had taken over from the Rashidun Caliphate since the death of his great-grandfather, Ali...

times larger than the combined silver mass of medieval Europe and the Caliphate around 800 AD. As an indication of the scale of Roman metal production...

for "Sentry", by Kgositsile and Michael Bonema and "Mancala" and "The Caliphate", by Vincent Staples; all music is composed by Alan Daniel Maman. "Earl...

former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively...

The book covers several periods: Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate The book contains several chapters before commencing...

1146 to 1150. All three taifas became part of the Almohad Caliphate in 1151. The Almohad Caliphate lasted from 1121 to 1269. During much of this time, until...

the entire Osmanoğlu family were soon exiled after the abolition of the Caliphate. On 29 October 1923, the Republic of Turkey was declared with Mustafa...

contract'). Deliberations in the politics of the early caliphates, most notably the Rāshidūn Caliphate, were not "democratic" in the modern sense of the term;...

history, partly as a reaction against the expansion of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of Hasan al-Basri. Although Sufis...

which was used by the Rashidun and Abbasid Caliphate, while white was the dynastic color of the Umayyad Caliphate. Green is a color associated with Islam...

Medieval and early modern 632–1090 Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) Samanid dynasty (819–999) Tahirid...

Muhammad and a central military and political figure in the early Rashidun Caliphate. He is widely celebrated in Islamic tradition as the "Keeper of the Secret"...

Bahrayn unsuccessfully invaded Egypt, the seat (since 973) of the Fatimid Caliphate. The Qarmatian attack followed upon a failed invasion in 971, which had...

The Rashidun Caliphate conquered Byzantine Syria between 634–638 CE as part of the Arab–Byzantine wars and the wider Muslim conquests. Clashes between...

an early Abbasid prince. He served as provisional governor for Abbasid Caliphate. He was the son of Sulayman ibn Ali. Ja'far was a paternal cousin of the...

Peninsula, Valencia was controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus and the Emirate/Caliphate of Cordoba. Following the latter's collapse, Valencia...

His leadership was marked by the power and prosperity of the Abbasid Caliphate, al-Ma'mun promoted the Graeco-Arabic translation movement, the flowering...

ibn Munabbih and Ka'ab al-Ahbar. Yemen was stable during the Rashidun Caliphate. Yemeni tribes played a pivotal role in the Islamic expansion into Egypt...

Pulitzer Prize finalist four times. She hosted the New York Times podcast Caliphate, which won a Peabody Award, but the Times returned the award after an...

Sultan of the Sokoto Caliphate from October 1902 until March 15, 1903. He was the last independent Sultan of Sokoto before the Caliphate was taken over by...

Volubilis and founds the Idrisid dynasty, ceding Morocco from the Abbasid caliphate and founding the first Moroccan state. An uprising in Japan leads to a...

Modern historians regard al-Mansur as the real founder of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the largest polities in world history, for his role in stabilizing...

Visigothic disaffection. After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750, internal conflicts within al-Andalus, including...

persecution of Zoroastrians by the early Muslims in the nascent Rashidun Caliphate prompted much of the community to migrate to the Indian subcontinent,...

dan Fodio, through a series of jihads begun in 1804, created the Sokoto Caliphate, the largest state in West Africa at that time. An aggressively expansionist...

Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 744 until his death. His reign was dominated by a civil war, and he was the last Umayyad ruler to rule the united Caliphate before...

of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between the successive Islamic caliphates and the Byzantine Empire. Following the Byzantine defeat at the Battle...

in the Arabian Peninsula. The period under the Ummayad and the Abbasid caliphates between 712 and 1066 has been called the Golden age of Jewish culture...

This route was greatly rehabilitated and formalized during the Abbasid Caliphate, during which it developed into a major component of the famed Silk Road...

was an Arab general serving the Rashidun Caliphate since the reign of Umar and later the Umayyad Caliphate during the reigns of Mu'awiya I and Yazid...

divine law of Sharia must be implemented in all spheres of life, that the Caliphate must be restored as a true Islamic state, and that Western values and...

horizontal colors stand for the Abbasid Caliphate (black), Umayyad Caliphate (white) and Rashidun Caliphate (green). The red triangle has been described...

were various military expeditions and raids conducted by the Umayyad Caliphate in order to subdue the region of Qiqan or Kaikan, which was historically...

Directorate of Security was set on fire. In January 2015, the Islamic State caliphate (IS) established a branch in Afghanistan called Khorasan (ISIS-K), and...

state or a 'New Medina', as a potential successor to the defunct Turkish caliphate and as a leader and protector of the entire Islamic world. Islamic scholars...

the Byzantine Empire, was besieged by the Muslim Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate. The campaign marked the culmination of twenty years of attacks and progressive...

the son and primary aide to Usman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate and the first caliph. During his reign, he encouraged the spread of Islam...

Zayd, a force prepared for a strategic campaign into Syria. During the caliphate of his father, Umar, Abd Allah served as a consultant to the newly created...

Muhammad. He was the member of influential Abbasid house that was ruling the Caliphate since 750. His full name was Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid...

(Arabic: محمد بن إسحاق بن كنداج) was a prominent general of the Abbasid Caliphate in the early 10th century. He was the son of Ishaq ibn Kundaj, a Turkic...

Those who accepted Abu Bakr's caliphate were later labeled Sunnis, while the supporters of Ali's right to caliphate were later labeled Shia. The Arabic...

figures such as Al-Khirrit ibn Rashid and Abu Maryam al-Sa'di depleted the Caliphate's military resources and demoralized its tribal levies. The period of active...

or the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia, was carried out by the Rashidun Caliphate from 633 to 638 AD. The Arab Muslim forces of Caliph Umar first attacked...

being managed in accordance with Islamic law from the conquest of the Caliphate in the 7th century until the practice stopped in the early 20th century...

forms of Muslim culture, from the Rashidun Caliphate to the Umayyad Caliphate and early Abbasid Caliphate, was predominantly based on the existing cultural...

bi-llāh (lit. 'Seeking Support in God'), was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 892 until his death in 902. Al-Mu'tadid was the son of al-Muwaffaq...

1574 Currency Gold dinar Silver dirham Preceded by Succeeded by Almohad Caliphate Ottoman Tunisia Regency of Algiers Spanish Tripoli Kingdom of Kuku Ottoman...

second Rashidun Caliph and reigned during 634–644. Umar ibn Al-Khattāb caliphate is notable for its vast conquests. Aided by brilliant field commanders...

scholar, teacher and influential figure in the Sokoto Caliphate. The youngest daughter of the Caliphate's founder, Usman dan Fodio, she was known for her learning...

following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted...

sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. It roughly corresponded with the Byzantine Diocese of the East, conquered...

مروان بن موسى بن نصير) was the last governor of Egypt for the Umayyad Caliphate. Abd al-Malik was a grandson of Musa ibn Nusayr, the Muslim general responsible...

Ahmadu Rufai (Arabic: أحمد رفاعي) was the Sultan of the Sokoto Caliphate, with his rule lasting from 1867 to 1873. He succeeded Ahmad Bello, who reigned...

of Aksum Sasanian Yemen First Islamic state Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Ziyadid dynasty Najahid dynasty Sulayhid dynasty Zurayid...

An Islamic flag is the flag representing an Islamic caliphate, religious order, state, civil society, military force or other entity associated with Islam...

achieving various political or religious objectives, such as jihad and caliphate. Since at least the 1990s, Islamist terrorist incidents have occurred...

He championed a global pan-Islamist program aimed at re-establishing a Caliphate to unite diverse peoples under a single global Islamic authority. As a...

women-led sections addressed female-related affairs within the so-called Caliphate, limiting intersex interaction while enabling women to contribute to IS's...

developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids...

including the Eblan civilization. Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital under the Mamluk Sultanate. The modern Syrian...

and resettles some of them in Anatolia to fight against the Rashidun Caliphate (approximate date). The confederation of Slavic tribes falls apart after...

knowledge through its Library. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century and of the subsequent Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th...

Abbasid Caliphate Slavery in al-Andalus Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate Volga Bulgarian...

failures caused political instability which led to the rise of the Fatimid Caliphate. Canals in Egypt continued to be built and maintained by the Fatimids...

who led a failed revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate shortly after the toppling of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750. Aban was a son of the Umayyad prince...

the Muslims against Muawiyah and reclaim the caliphate. In 680 CE, Muawiyah died and passed the caliphate to his son Yazid, and breaking the treaty with...

The harem of the caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) in Baghdad was composed of their mothers, wives, slave concubines, female relatives and slave...

Mesopotamia in the 7th century, Iraq became the metropole of the Abbasid Caliphate with Baghdad emerging as a global cultural and intellectual hub during...

conquest of Persia. The conquest of the Sasanian Empire by the Rashidun Caliphate marked a monumental shift for the former's Zoroastrian-majority society...

revenge for the defeat at Nahrawan. After Mu'awiya established the Umayyad Caliphate in 661, his governors kept the Kharijites in check. The power vacuum caused...

records in Al-Muntazam fi Tarikh al-Muluk wal-Umam that during the Umayyad Caliphate (662–750 CE), the region of Mesopotamia—stretching along both banks of...

Halm 1991, p. 215. PmbZ, al-Mahdī (#24814); Ṣābir (#26951). Fatimid Caliphate portal Italy portal Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg...

for the mobility of and increasing in training sites. The Voice of the Caliphate is the major publication that GIMF produces. It is the jihadi internet...

romanized: Banū Ḥammūd) was an Arab Muslim family that briefly ruled the Caliphate of Córdoba and the taifas of Málaga and Algeciras and nominal control...

first the Iranian ruler Mardavij ibn Ziyar and subsequently the Abbasid Caliphate. Rising to a position of leadership in the Abbasid army, he evicted the...

leader who operated in modern Iran. He led a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate and according to various Muslim historians, claimed to be a prophet. He...

him. Regarding foreign policy, a few developments occurred along the caliphate's frontiers. In Sind, al-Walid appointed a new lieutenant governor who...

Dinar (died 683), governor of Ifriqiya (North Africa) under the Umayyad Caliphate Abu Hamza al-Muhajir (1968–2010), leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq after June...

al-thālitha), was a series of civil wars and uprisings against the Umayyad Caliphate. It began with a revolt against al-Walid II in 744, and lasted until 747...

Ptolemies, Seleucids, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, the early Islamic caliphates, Crusaders, Ayyubids, and Mamluks before coming under Ottoman rule in...

the Abbasid Caliphate active between c. 870 and c. 883. Kayghalagh was one of the many Turks who entered service of the Abbasid Caliphate as soldiers...

(Arabic: جند الخلافة في أرض الجزائر, lit. 'Soldiers of the Caliphate in the land of Algeria or Caliphate Soldiers of Algeria'.) Originally a faction of al-Qaeda...

to the Greek word πυρός (pyros), meaning wheat. In 642, the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Egypt, ending several centuries of Romano-Byzantine rule. A...

1808 and executing Yunfa. The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the...

conquests, which were initiated by Muhammad and continued under the Rashidun Caliphate. Although the Muslim conquest of Iran marked a significant religious and...

Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh (religious) Ascension of Our Lord (religious) Caliphate Day (religious) Declaration of the Bab (religious) Harvey Milk Day (CA)...

The clan of Banu Umayya as well as the dynasty that ruled the Umayyad Caliphate are named after Umayya ibn Abd-Shams. Umayya succeeded Abd-Shams as the...

695–(715-07-18)18 July 715) was an Arab military commander in service of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh (and Punjab, part of ancient Sindh)...

summer of 1920. In March 1924, he was involved in establishing the Islamic Caliphate Society, an association with the goal of finding a valid caliph for the...

simply as al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, was a governor who served the Umayyad Caliphate. He began his service under Caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705), who successively...

Khilafatul Muslimin (Arabic: خلافة المسلمين, "Caliphate of Muslims", also known by its abbreviation KM) was a Pan-Islamist organization based in Bandar...

Islamic community. It led to the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate. The civil war involved three main factions; the...

The Persian revolts against the Rashidun Caliphate were a series of uprisings and insurgencies across former Sasanian territories between 646 and 661...

the reign of Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. The governor of Sind was an official of Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Following its annexation of Sindh's...

History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVIII: The Return of the Caliphate to Baghdad: The Caliphates of al-Muʿtaḍid, al-Muktafī and al-Muqtadir, A.D. 892–915/A...

Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid Caliphate in 750. Abbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of Abd...

responsibility for carrying out the assassination, saying that "soldiers of the Caliphate killed a Taghuti cleric loyal to the apostate Pakistani government". Muhammad...

Uthman created an immediate crisis regarding the legal succession of the Caliphate. While Ali was elected in Medina, the circumstances of the transition...

encompassing modern-day Central Asian polities, with the goal of establishing a caliphate, governed under a strict interpretation of Islamic sharia law, which they...

Abbasid Caliphate Slavery in al-Andalus Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate Volga Bulgarian...

slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1099), slavery in the...

Fatimid Caliphate under the general Jawhar captured Egypt, then ruled by the autonomous Ikhshidid dynasty in the name of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 969...

بالله, lit. 'Content with God Alone'), was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 902 to 908. More liberal and sedentary than his militaristic father...

the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), which began massive expansion and motivated subsequent Islamic states, such as the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and...

Shirkuh eventually succeeding him as vizier of Egypt. When the Fatimid Caliphate fell in 1171, Saladin was the only remaining authority in Egypt, he would...

al-Zubayr. He made it to Syria where he persuaded Marwan I to seek the caliphate and helped galvanize support for the flailing Umayyads. Afterward, he...

Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the Caliphate of Córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his death. Abd al-Rahman...

series of military campaigns conducted in 639–661 CE by the Rashidun Caliphate against the Byzantine Empire in Byzantine Armenia as part of the wider...

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes...

of al-Walid II in spring 744 began a turbulent period in the Umayyad Caliphate; his successor Yazid III died within a few months, and the ambitious governor...

romanized: al-Fāṭimiyyūn) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE. Descended from Fatima and Ali, and adhering...

Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates was reproduced by the Islamic realms developing from them, such as in the Emirates and Caliphates in Muslim Spain, al-Andalus...

thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate. The next generation of Muslims after the tabiʿūn are called the tābiʿ...

Immediately after Muhammad's death in 632, caliphates were established and the Shias emerged. Caliphates were Islamic states under the leadership of...

an administrator and statesman of the successive Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates in the mid-7th century. He served as the governor of Basra in 665–670...

father, Aurangzeb was not willing to acknowledge the Ottoman claim to the caliphate. He often supported the Ottoman Empire's enemies, extending cordial welcome...

the sack of AD 739 by the forces of Charles Martel against the Umayyad Caliphate. It became part of the County of Provence during the tenth century, although...

Byzantine Empire. The Islamic caliphates came to power under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate. The most enduring rule...

After the end of Byzantine rule, the region became part of the Islamic caliphates of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and the Ottoman. Following the 1916...

and under his successors churches and synagogues were destroyed in the caliphate. Unable to intervene directly, Charlemagne sent specially-minted coins...

Sasanian Arbayistan Middle Ages Islamic conquest Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Hamdanids Buyid amirate of Iraq Marwanids Uqaylids Al-Mazeedi...

"Islamic State", and declared its lands as a caliphate with Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as the caliph. As a "Caliphate", it claimed authority over all Muslims and...

office over time, exploiting the rivalries of the Buyid emirs and the caliphate's role as a fount of legitimacy and religious guidance. Al-Qadir was able...

the year 634 and was the only major Sasanian victory over the Rashidun Caliphate army. The Muslim forces had already taken Hira and assumed control of...

refuses to pay the tribute imposed by Caliph Harun al-Rashid of the Abbasid Caliphate. A Muslim-Arab expeditionary force invades Asia Minor. During a surprise...

"return of the Islamic Caliphate" and renamed itself to the Islamic State, with Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as its first Caliph. The Caliphate at its territorial...

Karthala. p. 88. Brown, William A. (1968), "Toward a chronology for the Caliphate of Hamdullahi (Māsina)", Cahiers d'études africaines, 8 (31): 428–434...

expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) and the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). The Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th...

inheritance till the first one [Abu Bakr] went his way but handed over the Caliphate to Ibn al-Khattab after himself.[quote needs citation] (Then he quoted...

when referring to rulers of the Ottoman Dynasty. b1 2 3 : The Ottoman Caliphate symbolized their spiritual power, whereas the sultanate represented their...

of Nvarsak in 484. The Sassanid Empire was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in the mid 7th century, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the...

Quran, used from the period of Pre-Islamic Arabia to that of the Abbasid Caliphate. Classical Arabic is prescriptive, according to the syntactic and grammatical...

ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate. November – Abdallah ibn Ali, governor of Syria and uncle of as-Saffah, launches a claim for the caliphate, but is defeated...

literally means "successor". It most commonly refers to the leader of a caliphate, but can also be used as a title among various Islamic religious groups...

(lit. apostasy) undertaken by Abu Bakr, the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, against Arab tribes who had accepted Islam but refused to pay Zakat and...

the Islamic State's propaganda strategy has evolved into a "Virtual Caliphate Complex" which decouples the ideology from physical territory. This strategy...

another substantial army. The battle ended in a victory for the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanids consequently lost the surrounding cities including Spahan...

an Arab commander in Khurasan during the final decades of the Umayyad Caliphate. He initially helped defeat the rebel al-Harith ibn Surayj and his Türgesh...

between the Syrian-led Umayyad Caliphate, the Kufan Partisans of Ali under Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, and the Meccan caliphate of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. It...

Battle of the Bridge was a battle between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sassanid Empire in 634. The Battle of the Bridge may also refer to: Battle of...

Islamic scholars like al-Mazari and al-Nawawi in support of Abu Hafs' caliphate, some researchers such as M. Nureddin argued that Abu Hafs' rise had been...

from 908 to his death in 933, and virtual dictator and king-maker of the Caliphate from 928 on. A Byzantine Greek eunuch slave, he entered military service...

722 between the army of Pelagius of Asturias and the army of Umayyad Caliphate commanders Alqama and Munuza. Fought near Covadonga, in the Picos de Europa...

al-Amin in 813. The family of al-Sindi continued to serve the Abbasid caliphate for multiple decades. His son, Ibrahim ibn al-Sindi, was reportedly a...

the Rashidun Caliphate of Medina, the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus, the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, and Egypt's own Fatimid Caliphate of Cairo. In...

an Islamic army and the newly formed caliphate would defeat the non-believers in a global conflict. The caliphate would rule the world, because the rest...

Abd al-Malik and marked the first successful secession from the Arab Caliphate (then ruled from Damascus). Fired up by Kharijite puritan preachers, the...

only nominally within the caliphate, firmly under Abbasid control. In 762 AD, al-Mahdi was the governor of the Abbasid Caliphate's eastern region, based in...

permanent entrenchment of the caliphate's presence in Iraq, as almost all Iraqi cities that broke away from the caliphate when Khalid ibn al-Walid departed...

al-Rashid in 786 began the family's twenty-year domination of the Abbasid Caliphate's public affairs. Muhammad served as the Caliph's chamberlain (hajib) from...

the third Rashidun caliph (Uthman) was killed and Ali ascended to the caliphate with popular support. Soon after his ascendancy, Aisha, the third of Muhammad's...

extreme internal instability from 861 to 870 in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, marked by the violent succession of four caliphs, who became puppets...

role in the administration and political history of the early Rashidun Caliphate. Although it is encouraged, a qāriʾ does not necessarily have to memorize...

under Abu Muslim in Khurasan had prevailed in the eastern lands of the Caliphate, and the Khurasani armies swept west across Persia to the borders of Iraq...

establishing Islamic Sharia after Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam. The Caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib from 35 to 40 AH (656-661 AD) in the official history...

College Ibadan with research on the Sokoto Caliphate. His thesis was later published as The Sokoto Caliphate (1967), an influential work that reshaped...

Conquest of Caesarea Maritima was a military engagement between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantine garrison of Caesarea. During the early Muslim conquests...

Constantinople was besieged by the invading armies of the Arab Umayyad Caliphate firstly from 674 to 678, and secondly from 717 to 718. The Theodosian...

Balochistan, and parts of the Punjab region saw conquest by the Arab caliphates along with an influx of Muslims from Persia and Central Asia, which resulted...

permanent loss of those provinces to the Rashidun Caliphate. In 698, Africa was lost to the Umayyad Caliphate, but the empire stabilised under the Isaurian...

smaller Taifa successor states of the Caliphate, the Christian kingdoms, who had been sending tribute to the Caliphate, found themselves in a position to...

assassination of Ali paved the way for his rival Mu'awiya to found the Umayyad Caliphate. The shrine of Ali in Najaf, near Kufa, is a major destination for Shia...

that saw the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate encompassing much of Northern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon. The Sokoto Caliphate emerged from a series of religious...

during 7th Century. He is mostly known for his victories against Rashidun Caliphate in the First and Second Battle of Dongola. Very little is known about...

joyous religion"), which was a local freedom movement fighting the Abbasid Caliphate. Khorramdin appears to be a compound analogous to durustdin "orthodoxy"...

BH – 13 BH) Timeline of early Islamic history, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and its fragmentation, the Mamluk Sultanate, the Delhi Sultanate...

Sind was a province of the Umayyad Caliphate and later of the Abbasid Caliphate from around 711 CE with the Islamic conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim...

among the most prominent challengers to the hereditary succession to the Caliphate by Yazid I of the Umayyad dynasty. After nearby Medina, the other holy...

literature. The Fatimid caliphate was founded by al-Mahdi Billah, a descendant of Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad, the Fatimid Caliphate was a Shia that existed...

revolutionary based in Kufa, who led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 685 and ruled over most of Iraq for eighteen months during the Second...

confederacy. After allying with the Sufri rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate, they established an independent state (AD 744-1058) in the area of Tamesna...

was a military engagement between the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate. The Byzantines besieged the city of Sozopetra, in the territory of Melitene...

rivalry centers mainly within the armies and administrations of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 7th and 8th centuries, but persisted to varying degrees among the...

unsuccessfully invaded Egypt, which had recently been conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate. Both the Qarmatians and the Fatimids were offshoots of the Isma'ili sect...

actor and scholarly authority and a daughter of the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, Usman dan Fodio. She remains a revered figure in northern Nigeria. She...

Muslims gathered in Indonesia to call for the return of the Universal Caliphate. It was one of the largest political gatherings of Muslims ever to have...

also participated in the Battle of Yarmuk in Byzantine Syria during the caliphate of Umar, where later reports credit her with killing around nine Byzantine...

(500–1050) Göktürk Khaganate (550–600) Tibetan Empire (650–1250) The Caliphates (650–850) Carolingian Empire (751–843) Turks (Onoq, 650; Seljuks, 1050–1100;...

Although not all of them were Umayyad supporters, they undermined Ali's caliphate through several revolts. In the 8th century, pro-Uthman opinion gained...

Kharijite Rebellion was a major Kharijite uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate between 866 and 896. Centered in the districts of Mosul and Diyar Rabi'a...

Sindh by his elder brother and famous Governor of Sindh during Abbasid Caliphate named Daud Bin Zaid Bin Hatim. Daud was appointed as a Governor of Sindh...

during the 720s. In the late 740s, Basra fell to as-Saffah of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the time of the Abbasids, Basra became an intellectual center...

and the 14th Ismaili imam, reigning from 953 to 975. It was during his caliphate that the center of power of the Fatimid dynasty was moved from Ifriqiya...

defeat at the Battle of the Yarmuk and fell under the rule of the Rashidun Caliphate. The Ghassanids largely retained their Christian affiliation, dispersing...

Mahbuba was a 9th-century slave entertainer in the Abbasid Caliphate. Craig Perry. "Slavery and agency in the Middle Ages". In Craig Perry; Stanley L...

Arab senior military leader and provincial governor of the early Abbasid Caliphate. Abdallah's father, Malik ibn al-Haytham al-Khuza'i, was one of the earliest...

Between 711 and 713, the Umayyad Caliphate defeated the Chach dynasty, the last Hindu dynasty to rule over Sindh, and incorporated Sindh (including a...

then assigned by caliph Umar to escort the spoils to the capital of the caliphate. After the conquest of Jerusalem, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf was involved in...

the eighth century. Córdoba became the capital of the Emirate and then Caliphate of Córdoba, from which the Umayyad dynasty ruled al-Andalus. Under Umayyad...

dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557. On the collapse of the Almohad Caliphate's rule around 1236, the Kingdom of Tlemcen became independent under the...

conquest of Roman Egypt, the focus of alchemical development moved to the Caliphate and Islamic civilization. In considering Islamic sciences as a distinct...

ruling structure" of the Islamic caliphate, "but not one of its pillars," and may be neglected without the Caliphate's rule becoming unIslamic. Non-Muslims...

since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian Empire...

engaged in a lengthy struggle with the Muslim Rashidun Caliphate and successor Umayyad Caliphate. However, the Empire during this period became also far...

east, the Unity of God, and expounded the status of Muhammad. During his Caliphate, Mirza Nasir Ahmad is also known for having directed the compilation of...

and Dublin; initially this trade route between Europe and the Abbasid Caliphate passed via the Khazar Kaghanate, but from the early 10th-century onward...

Under the early Caliphates, a jund (Arabic: جند; plural ajnad, أجناد) was a military division, which became applied to the military territory in the conquered...

capturing the throne and rose to power as the most powerful man in the Caliphate. The Barmakids were remarkable for their majesty, splendor and hospitality...

conquest of Cyprus happened between 649 and 650 or 654, when the Rashidun Caliphate launched two naval campaigns to subjugate the island of Cyprus. The campaigns...

Islamic history was transmitted orally until after the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate. Historical works of later Muslim writers include the traditional biographies...

It was mentioned in the sources that the imam told Abd Allah that the caliphate would belong to al-Saffah and his brothers, and that Abd Allah and his...

ministers or enjoying dictatorial powers. The post appeared under the Umayyad Caliphate, but gained in influence and prestige in the more settled court of the...

with the strength and power of the caliphate at that time. Even after the abandonment of the mosque by the Caliphate, the mosque remained partially preserved...

than December 25. Abdel Bari Atwan (2015). Islamic State: The Digital Caliphate. Oakland, California, USA: University of California. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-520-28928-4...

of the Khwarazmian Empire, the Nizari Ismaili state, and the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, and the establishment of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia. Genghis...

As the second established caliphate, following the early Muslim conquests beginning in 622 CE, the Umayyads captured and occupied the former Byzantine...

and Ali (r. 656–661). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided'...

(2004), The Muslim Conquest of Spain.[3] Sir William Muir (1915), The Caliphate, Its Rise, Decline, and Fall, From Original Sources.[4] Robert Hodum (2012)...

result of Atatürk's agreement with the United Kingdom to overthrow the caliphate. Another conspiracy theory about Atatürk is that he was poisoned to death...

undermine Ali's claim to the caliphate. These efforts, writes Aslan, are partly explained by Abu Bakr's conviction that the caliphate must reside outside of...

of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai and the Christian communities of the Caliphate." Dehghani, Mohammad: 'Āshtīnāmeh' va 'Tovāreh', do loghat-e mahjur-e...

various states, most notably the Sokoto Caliphate. None of these movements were victorious. The Sokoto Caliphate lasted for a century until it was conquered...

of slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), slavery in the...

Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces...

of the Muslim World. While excoriating the Ottomans as an artificial caliphate based on unjust wars and conquests; Salafi scholars nonetheless strongly...

the year 129 of the Arabs [AD 746], the caliphate of the Arabs came to an end in Palestine and the caliphate of the ʿAbbasids began in the East. The ʿAbbasids...

Jem was a military engagement fought between the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Berbers of Kingdom of the Aurès. The battle took place near Amphitheatre...

the Khorasan region during the early Islamic conquests and the Abbasid Caliphate (8th century onward). These settlers, often of South Arabian (Yamani)...

century, while the Visigothic Kingdom was largely conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century, with a remnant in Asturias which would go on...

not mentioned in any traditions of the Arab conquest. When the Rashidun Caliphate established its rule over Hebron in 638, the Muslims converted the Byzantine...

until the end of the dynasty in 969, and continued serving the Fatimid Caliphate after that. Following the death of Abu'l-Misk Kafur in April 968, Ibn...

some of the early caliphs. Abu Bakr, the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, apparently recommended toppling a wall on the culprit, or else burning...

the Abbasid Revolution that brought down the Umayyad Caliphate and established the Abbasid Caliphate. Enslaved in Kufa during his youth, he came under the...

6th century BC or with the Muslim conquest and the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, from which point the region came to be known...

Abbasi (Arabic: عباسي, Persian: عباسی) may refer to: Abbasid Caliphate, the third Islamic caliphate Abbasi (currency), gold and silver coins issued by Abbas...

in Mesopotamia (Asoristan Province) between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire. Muslims, under Khalid ibn al-Walid's command...

military conduct and the treatment of prisoners of war under the early Caliphate are considered precursors to international humanitarian law. The many...

the Caliphate officially conceded to British rule. The British appointed Muhammadu Attahiru II as the new Caliph. Lugard abolished the Caliphate, but...

Republican reforms, one of the most important being the abolition of caliphate. Even though he agreed with Mustafa Kemal on the subject, he did not agree...

of slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), slavery in the...

the Battle of Chains, was the first battle fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Persian Empire in April 633. The battle was fought in...

members of a single nation-community. Following the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924, al-Banna called on Muslims to prepare for armed struggle against...

the contemporary name was. The first dinars were issued by the Umayyad Caliphate. Under the dynasties that followed the use of the dinar spread from Islamic...

century. However, the study of Plato continued in the Byzantine Empire, the Caliphates during the Islamic Golden Age, and Spain during the Golden age of Jewish...

Aztec Benin Bornu Bruneian Bulgarian First Second Burmese First Calakmul Caliphate Rashidun Umayyad Abbasid Fatimid Chalukya Western Eastern Chinese Sui...

Halm 2014, p. 132. Halm 2014, pp. 159–160. Halm 2014, p. 165. Fatimid Caliphate portal Halm, Heinz (2014). Kalifen und Assassinen: Ägypten und der vordere...

took part in the unsuccessful Alid uprising in 815 against the Abbasid Caliphate, led by Abu'l-Saraya, during which he captured and governed the city of...

داود المهلبي) was a governor of al-Sind for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving during the caliphate of al-Ma'mun. A member of the Muhallabid family, Bishr...

Umayyad Caliphate) Ashot III Bagratuni "the Blind", 732–748 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) Grigor II Mamikonian, 748–750 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) Mushegh...

الازور; died 639), was a Muslim warrior in the service of the Rashidun Caliphate. She played a major role in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, and fought...

from 21 August to 19 September 634 before the city fell to the Rashidun Caliphate. Damascus was the first major city of the Eastern Roman Empire to fall...

were also rival caliphates in Egypt and Al-Andalus (today's Spain and Portugal), and in the Indian subcontinent. The Ottoman Caliphate was officially dissolved...

prince and a pretender to the Umayyad Caliphate, which had been overthrown by the Iraq-based Abbasid Caliphate in early 750. Abu Muhammad was a great-grandson...

ISBN 978-0700716968. Strange, Guy Le (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the...

Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. Umayyad Caliphate (661–750; based in Damascus) Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258; based in Baghdad) Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1341;...

some saying that it ended with the persecution of Jews by the Almohad Caliphate in the 1100s, and others saying it lasted until the Christian Reconquista...

educating women in the then Sokoto Caliphate. The movement survived the death of its founder, the end of the Caliphate and also the period of Colonial Nigeria...

Seljuk Empire and the Ghurid Empire, and even threatening the Abbasid Caliphate. It is estimated that the empire spanned an area of 2.3 to 3.6 million...

chose Kufa as his capital. The Umayyad Caliphate moved the capital to Damascus in Syria and the Abbasid Caliphate to Baghdad, in modern-day Iraq, which...

a member of the Bedouin tribe Banu 'Amir. He lived during the Umayyad Caliphate. Qays was renowned for his profound love for Layla, a woman who belong...

chieftain who ruled the western Maghreb before defecting to the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 931. He played a central role in the Umayyad–Fatimid rivalry...

the beginning of the Arab conquests and the formation of the Rashidun Caliphate. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Empire became a militarized and Christianized...

al-Damluji History of Saudi Arabia T. E. Lawrence Sharifate of Mecca Sharifian Caliphate Faisal–Weizmann agreement Ben Chaoon. "Saudi Arabia". WorldStatesmen.org...

read or heard by the scholars of Baghdad in the heyday of the Abbasid Caliphate, although those scholars never took the effort to translate it to the...

former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively...

caliph had resorted to the use of this unit because the main army of the caliphate was engaged in the Expedition of Balqa, led by Usama ibn Zayd. The haras...

assassinated leading to the caliphate's first civil war (fitna). The war ended in 661 with the Umayyads becoming the caliphate's ruling dynasty. The first...

citizens joining. British academic Simon Cottee nicknamed it Calypso Caliphate. Tariq Abdul Haqq, a boxer who had been a Commonwealth Games medalist...

Spain-based Caliphate of Córdoba brings the Maghrebi Idrisid Dynasty to an end. Caliph Al-Hakam II maintains the supremacy of the caliphate over the kingdoms...

al-Sajjad and Marwan, who in 684 succeeded Yazid's sickly son in the caliphate. Such sources even allege that al-Sajjad borrowed from Marwan to buy a...

Minor in 782 was one of the largest operations launched by the Abbasid Caliphate against the Byzantine Empire. The invasion was launched as a display of...

The Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates conquered the Byzantine Exarchate of North Africa commencing in 647 and concluding in 709, when the Byzantine Empire...

Emirate of Sicily, which was under the nominal suzerainty of the Fatimid Caliphate. Muslim sovereignty was never absolute across the island, and the creation...

returned to his stronghold of Málaga. Unhappy that the Hammudids ruled the Caliphate again, regional Slavic rulers assembled a small army; removed Yahya's...

al-Amin and al-Ma'mun over the succession to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate. Their father, Caliph Harun al-Rashid, had named al-Amin as the first...

glorifies the Ottoman dynasty and its traditionalist establishments like the caliphate. It is also an irredentist and imperialist ideology that, in its broadest...

was a military engagement that took place in 1190 between the Almohad caliphate who attacked the town of Tomar in Portugal, and the Templar Order, who...

Islamic Caliphate Rashidun Caliphate (2) – Asia, Africa (639–661) [map] Umayyad Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (661–750) [map] Abbasid Caliphate (3)...

story-cycle. He is described as hailing from Baghdad during the early Abbasid Caliphate (8th and 9th centuries CE). In the course of seven voyages throughout...

Constantine V, the Islamic world faced internal civil wars between the Umayyad Caliphate and the Abbasid revolt. The Umayyads were overthrown, and the Abbasids...

and the Eastern Caliphate, (Cambridge University Press, 1951), p. 7. Cyril Elgood, A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate, (Cambridge University...

in summer of 2014 Choudary pledged allegiance to the Islamic State's "caliphate", and its "caliph" Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi by Skype. Two years later he was...

to acquire Lazica in the 770s. The successful defence against the Arab Caliphate, and new territorial gains in the east gave the Abasgian princes enough...

several powers, including Numidia, the Roman Empire, and various Islamic caliphates. In 1516, it became the capital of the Ottoman Regency of Algiers, a status...

ibn Abdallah al-Qasri in Khurasan, a province in the far east of the Caliphate, in 737. He was later posted to Kufa in Iraq in 739 or 740. Al-Asbagh...

killed in 656 CE by the Egyptian rebels, the potential candidates for caliphate were Ali and Talha. The Umayyads had fled Medina, and the provincial rebels...

Continuity at the Abbasid Court: Formal and Informal Politics in the Caliphate of al-Muqtadir (295–320/908–32). Leiden: Brill. pp. 49–61. ISBN 978-90-04-25271-4...

the face of these invasions by European Christian powers, the Ottoman Caliphate aided the beleaguered Southeast Asian Sultanates by making Aceh a protectorate...

First Fitna (656–661) to a close. Under this treaty, Hasan ceded the caliphate to Mu'awiya on the condition that the latter should rule in compliance...

three main phases and ultimately brought most of the region under Umayyad Caliphate control. The first invasion (647–648), led by Abdallah ibn Saad under...

and Hephthalites, the First Turkic Khaganate, the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, the Samanid Empire, the Kara-Khanids, Seljuks, Khwarazmians, the Mongols...

The siege of Évora took place in 1181, when an army from the Almohad Caliphate invaded Portugal and besieged the city, which resisted the attack. The...

Muslims in Sicily and southern Italy. The future founder of the Fatimid Caliphate, Abdallah al-Mahdi and his family migrate to North Africa. They claim...

seeing my heritage [the caliphate] being plundered, till the first one [Aba Bakr] died and handed over the reins of the caliphate to another person [Umar]...

and replaced by a new emirate which became a vassal state of the Sokoto Caliphate. During and after the British colonial period, the powers of the emirate...

monumental structures originally built during the Rashidun and early Umayyad caliphates after the 637 first Muslim conquest of Jerusalem: the Qibli Mosque of...

between the Byzantine (Roman) Empire and the army of the Arab Rashidun Caliphate. The result of the battle was a decisive Muslim victory. The details of...

political figure of the caliphate, being the chief advisor of the Shura that elected the third caliph Uthman. During the latter's caliphate, Zubayr advised the...

Hausaland, which, after the jihad of 1804, was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate, a vast empire of 400,000 square kilometres. Iliffe, John (25 August 1995)...

as Ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century Arab traveler from Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the...

coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid caliphates. Mecca was sacked by a Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, outraging...

Aghlabid dynasty. This ultimately led to the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya under the Imam–caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah. However, Abdullah...

Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who ruled Egypt on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate. They were autonomous from 868 until 905, when the Abbasids restored the...

During his caliphate, Ali ibn Abi Talib began concentrated efforts to bring the frontier province of Sistan under the firm control of the Caliphate and successfully...

Roman/Byzantine Empire (3rd time) 562?–640 Rashidun Caliphate 640–661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–890 Hamdanid Emirate 890–990 Numayrid Emirate...

of Persia resulted in the Sasanian Empire's annexation by the Rashidun Caliphate and the beginning of the Islamization of Iran. In spite of invasions by...

1148. Descendants of Ziri ibn Manad, a military leader of the Fatimid Caliphate and the eponymous founder of the dynasty, the Zirids were emirs who ruled...

was the important Military base of early Caliphate Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750, primarily in its heartlands...

century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the currently three main branches of Shi'ism, the other...

Ullais (Arabic: معركة أليس) was fought between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Persian Empire in the middle of June 633 AD in Iraq,...

Ba'ith (Son of Ba'ith) was an Arab governor of Marand during the Abbasid caliphate. After the Arab conquest of Persia, Halbas (his grandfather), who was...

periods of its history such as the Umayyad Caliphate (of which Damascus was the seat), Abbasid Caliphate, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottoman Empire...

of the Quran (كاتب الوحي) and governor of Upper Egypt for the Muslim caliphate during the reign of ʿUthmān (644–656). He was also the co-founder (with...

of the Umayyad Caliphate. 'Ubadah served as the Quranic teacher of the Suffah, as well as the mufti and judge of the Rashidun Caliphate, and was involved...

political and scholarly elite and embraced Islam during the governorship and caliphate of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (640s–680). Yahya's family was noted as an...

Labrat, a North African rabbi and student of Saadia Gaon, arrived at the Caliphate of Córdoba and revolutionized Hebrew poetry in al-Ándalus. Dunash designed...

intentions to make ISIS "look like losers" as he would "destroy their caliphate". Carson also advocated capturing a "big energy field" outside of Anbar...

7th-century Muslim conquest of the Levant introduced various Islamic caliphates, followed by the Crusades, Mamluk rule, and four centuries of Ottoman...

of slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), slavery in the...

policies in light of their data, reveals that since the inception of their caliphate, they sought to consolidate its foundations and expand their influence...

On 6 August 711, Lisbon was taken by the Muslim forces of the Umayyad Caliphate. These conquerors built many mosques and houses, rebuilt the city wall...

chancellor of the Caliphate of Córdoba and hajib for Hisham II, Almanzor was effectively ruler of Islamic Iberia. After the caliphate fell with the overthrow...

Ertegin sovereign". Chach (Arabic: Shash) was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate at the beginning of the 8th century. According to the descriptions of...

Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries)...

The following is a list of inventions, discoveries and scientific advancements made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the Islamic Golden...

History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255. SUNY...

organised in caliphates, it continued to be dominated by the Abbasid Caliphate, with the Caliphate of Córdoba to the west, the Fatimid Caliphate in North...

(died October 29, 867) was a Turkic general in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He played a central role in the events that followed the assassination...

ancient Islamic Iberian Peninsula, was divided during the Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba. It coexisted with another territorial demarcation called March...

that the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". The Guardian asked...

weakened the state, leading to its eventual absorption by the Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th century. The region was first inhabited by the chiefdoms of...

after the seventh-century Muslim conquest, in which the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate seized control of Egypt from the Christian dominated Byzantine Empire...

Ibn Zurʿa was born in 943 in Baghdad, then the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. In theology and philosophy, he was a student of Yahya ibn Adi. He also...

001.0001. ISBN 9780199739356. Sowerwine, James E. (2010). Caliph and Caliphate. Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press...

Province of the Umayyad Caliphate Emirate of Córdoba Caliphate of Córdoba First Taifa Almoravid Emirate Second Taifa Almohad Caliphate Third Taifa Emirate...

(المنتصر بالله, "He who triumphs in God") was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 861 to 862, during the "Anarchy at Samarra". The power struggle between...