As of 2011[update] India census,[3] Bagaha had a population of 112,634. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bagaha has an average literacy rate of 38%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bagaha is located on the bank of Gandak River and near the Valmiki Tiger Reserve.