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B♭ (musical note)

{ \new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 } << \time 2/1 \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f { \clef bass bes1_B-flat \clef treble bes' } >> }
B Flat notes

B♭ (B-flat), or, in some European countries, B, is the eleventh step of the Western chromatic scale (starting from C). It lies a diatonic semitone above A and a chromatic semitone below B,[1] thus being enharmonic to A♯, even though in some musical tunings, B♭ will have a different sounding pitch than A♯. B-flat is also enharmonic to Cdouble flat (C-double flat).

When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of the B♭ above middle C is approximately 466.164 Hz.[2] See musical pitch for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

While orchestras tune to an A provided by the oboist, wind ensembles usually tune to a B-flat.[3]

In Germany, Russia, Poland, Scandinavia and Slovakia this pitch is designated B, with 'H' used to designate the B-natural. Since the 1990s, B-flat is often denoted Bb or "Bess" instead of B in Swedish music textbooks. Natural B is called "B" by Swedish jazz and pop musicians, but still denoted H in classical music.[4] See B (musical note) and Note names and their history for explanations.

Designation by octave

Scientific designation Helmholtz designation Octave name Frequency (Hz)
B♭−1 B♭͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵B♭ or BBBB♭ Subsubcontra 14.568
B♭0 B♭͵͵ or ͵͵B♭ or BBB♭ Subcontra 29.135
B♭1 B♭͵ or ͵B♭ or BB♭ Contra 58.27
B♭2 B♭ Great 116.541
B♭3 b♭ Small 233.082
B♭4 b♭′ One-lined 466.164
B♭5 b♭′′ Two-lined 932.328
B♭6 b♭′′′ Three-lined 1864.655
B♭7 b♭′′′′ Four-lined 3729.31
B♭8 b♭′′′′′ Five-lined 7458.62
B♭9 b♭′′′′′′ Six-lined 14917.24
B♭10 b♭′′′′′′′ Seven-lined 29834.481

Scales

Common scales beginning on B♭

Diatonic scales

  • B-flat Ionian: B♭ C D E♭ F G A B♭
  • B-flat Dorian: B♭ C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B♭
  • B-flat Phrygian: B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭
  • B-flat Lydian: B♭ C D E F G A B♭
  • B-flat Mixolydian: B♭ C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭
  • B-flat Aeolian: B♭ C D♭ E♭ F G♭ A♭ B♭
  • B-flat Locrian: B♭ C♭ D♭ E♭ F♭ G♭ A♭ B♭

Jazz melodic minor

References

  1. ^ "B-flat (note) on Piano, Guitar, and Ukulele". Musicca. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  2. ^ Suits, B. H. (1998). "Physics of Music Notes - Scales: Just vs Equal Temperament". MTU.edu. Michigan Technological University. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Why does the orchestra tune to the oboe?". Rockford Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  4. ^ Brian Blood. "Lesson 9 – Notes and Keys in Various Languages". Dolmetsch Online. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

See also
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