April 19
Events on calendar date 19 April
Day of the year
April 19 is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 256 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1608 – In Ireland, O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry .[5]
1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.[6]
1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, Maria Theresa , was not born until 1717.[7]
1770 – Captain James Cook , still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.[8]
1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding .[9]
1775 – American Revolutionary War : The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord .[10]
1782 – John Adams secures Dutch recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague becomes the first American embassy.[11]
1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn , part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition . On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán , Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
1818 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals .
1839 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
1861 – American Civil War : Baltimore riot of 1861 : A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1901–present
1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia ) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world .
1927 – Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex .
1936 – The Jaffa riots commence, initiating the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine .[12]
1942 – World War II : In German-occupied Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
1943 – World War II: In German-occupied Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
1943 – Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time, three days after having discovered its effects on April 16 , an event commonly known and celebrated as Bicycle Day .
1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco .
1960 – Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee , eventually forcing him to resign.
1971 – Sierra Leone becomes a republic , and Siaka Stevens the president.
1971 – Launch of Salyut 1 , the first space station .
1971 – Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the Tate–LaBianca murders .
1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel .
1975 – India 's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar , Russia .
1975 – South Vietnamese forces withdrew from the town of Xuan Loc in the last major battle of the Vietnam War .[13]
1976 – A violent F5 tornado strikes around Brownwood, Texas , injuring 11 people. Two people were thrown at least 1,000 yards (910 m) by the tornado and survived uninjured.[14] [15]
1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem , and green and gold as the national colours .
1985 – Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.
1987 – The Simpsons first appear as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show , first starting with "Good Night ".
1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa , killing 47 sailors.
1993 – The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas , USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Seventy-six Davidians, including 18 children under age 10, died in the fire.
1995 – Oklahoma City bombing : The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City , USA, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.
1999 – The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
2000 – Air Philippines Flight 541 crashes in Samal, Davao del Norte , killing all 131 people on board.[16]
2001 – Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-100 carrying the Canadarm2 to the International Space Station .[17]
2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI .
2011 – Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.
2013 – Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown .
2020 – A killing spree in Nova Scotia , Canada , leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country's history.[18] [19]
2021 – The Ingenuity helicopter becomes the first aircraft to achieve flight on another planet.[20]
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1603 – Michel Le Tellier , French politician, French Minister of Defence (d. 1685)[23]
1613 – Christoph Bach , German musician (d. 1661)[24]
1633 – Willem Drost , Dutch painter (d. 1659)[25]
1655 – George St Lo(e) , Royal Navy officer and administrator (d. 1718)[26]
1658 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine , German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria (d. 1716)[27]
1665 – Jacques Lelong , French author (d. 1721)[28]
1686 – Vasily Tatishchev , Russian ethnographer and politician (d. 1750)
1715 – James Nares , English organist and composer (d. 1783)
1721 – Roger Sherman , American lawyer and politician (d. 1793)
1734 – Karl von Ordóñez , Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1786)
1757 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth , English admiral and politician (d. 1833)
1758 – William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk , Scottish admiral (d. 1831)
1785 – Alexandre Pierre François Boëly , French pianist and composer (d. 1858)
1787 – Deaf Smith , American soldier (d. 1837)
1793 – Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
1806 – Sarah Bagley , American labor organizer (d. 1889)
1814 – Louis Amédée Achard , French journalist and author (d. 1875)
1831 – Mary Louise Booth , American writer, editor and translator (d. 1889)[29]
1832 – José Echegaray , Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
1835 – Julius Krohn , Finnish poet and journalist (d. 1888)
1863 – Hemmo Kallio , Finnish actor (d. 1940)
1872 – Alice Salomon , German social reformer (d. 1948)[30]
1873 – Sydney Barnes , English cricketer (d. 1967)
1874 – Ernst Rüdin , Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
1877 – Ole Evinrude , Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor (d. 1934)
1879 – Arthur Robertson , Scottish runner (d. 1957)
1882 – Getúlio Vargas , Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (d. 1954)
1883 – Henry Jameson , American soccer player (d. 1938)
1883 – Richard von Mises , Austrian-American mathematician and physicist (d. 1953)
1885 – Karl Tarvas , Estonian architect (d. 1975)
1889 – Otto Georg Thierack , German jurist and politician (d. 1946)[31]
1891 – Françoise Rosay , French actress (d. 1974)
1892 – Germaine Tailleferre , French composer and educator (d. 1983)[32]
1894 – Elizabeth Dilling , American author and activist (d. 1966)
1897 – Peter de Noronha , Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
1897 – Jiroemon Kimura , Japanese super-centenarian, oldest verified man ever (d. 2013)
1898 – Constance Talmadge , American actress and producer (d. 1973)
1899 – George O'Brien , American actor (d. 1985)
1899 – Cemal Tollu , Turkish lieutenant and painter (d. 1968)
1900 – Iracema de Alencar , Brazilian film actress (d. 1978)
1900 – Richard Hughes , English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1976)
1900 – Roland Michener , Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (d. 1991)
1900 – Rhea Silberta , American Yiddish songwriter and singing teacher (d. 1959)
1901–present
1902 – Veniamin Kaverin , Russian author and screenwriter (d. 1989)
1903 – Eliot Ness , American law enforcement agent (d. 1957)[33]
1908 – Irena Eichlerówna , Polish actress (d. 1990)
1912 – Glenn T. Seaborg , American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
1913 – Ken Carpenter , American discus thrower and coach (d. 1984)
1917 – Sven Hassel , Danish-German soldier and author (d. 2012)
1919 – Sol Kaplan , American pianist and composer (d. 1990)
1920 – Marvin Mandel , American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (d. 2015)[34]
1920 – Julien Ries , Belgian cardinal (d. 2013)
1920 – Ragnar Ulstein , Norwegian journalist and war historian (d. 2019)[35]
1921 – Anna Lee Aldred , American jockey (d. 2006)[36]
1921 – Leon Henkin , American logician (d. 2006)[37]
1921 – Roberto Tucci , Italian Jesuit leader, cardinal, and theologian (d. 2015)
1922 – Erich Hartmann , German colonel and pilot (d. 1993)
1925 – John Kraaijkamp, Sr. , Dutch actor (d. 2011)
1925 – Hugh O'Brian , American actor (d. 2016)
1926 – Rawya Ateya , Egyptian captain and politician (d. 1997)[citation needed ]
1928 – John Horlock , English engineer and academic (d. 2015)[38]
1928 – Azlan Shah of Perak , Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2014)
1931 – Walter Stewart , Canadian journalist and author (d. 2004)
1932 – Fernando Botero , Colombian painter and sculptor (d. 2023)
1933 – Jayne Mansfield , American model and actress (d. 1967)[39]
1934 – Dickie Goodman , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1989)
1935 – Dudley Moore , English actor, comedian, and pianist (d. 2002)[40]
1935 – Justin Francis Rigali , American cardinal
1936 – Wilfried Martens , Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2013)
1936 – Jack Pardee , American football player and coach (d. 2013)
1937 – Antonio Carluccio , Italian-English chef and author (d. 2017)[41]
1937 – Elinor Donahue , American actress
1937 – Joseph Estrada , Filipino politician, 13th President of the Philippines
1938 – Stanley Fish , American theorist, author, and scholar
1939 – Clay Shaw , American accountant, judge, and politician (d. 2013)[42]
1941 – Michel Roux , French-English chef and author (d. 2020)
1941 – Bobby Russell , American singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
1942 – Alan Price , English keyboard player, singer, and composer
1943 – Margo MacDonald , Scottish journalist and politician (d. 2014)[43]
1944 – James Heckman , American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1944 – Bernie Worrell , American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2016)[44]
1946 – Tim Curry , English actor and singer[45] [46]
1951 – Jóannes Eidesgaard , Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands [citation needed ]
1952 – Simon Cowell , English conservationist and author[47] [48]
1954 – Trevor Francis , English footballer and manager (d. 2023)
1956 – Anne Glover , Scottish biologist and academic
1957 – Mukesh Ambani , Indian businessman, chairman of Reliance Industries [49] [50]
1960 – Ara Gevorgyan , Armenian pianist, composer, and producer
1960 – Frank Viola , American baseball player and coach[51]
1964 – Kim Weaver , American astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic
1965 – Suge Knight , American record executive[52]
1966 – Véronique Gens , French soprano and actress
1968 – Ashley Judd , American actress[53]
1968 – Mswati III , King (Ngwenyama ) of Eswatini (Swaziland)[54]
1970 – Kelly Holmes , English athlete and double Olympic champion
1972 – Rivaldo Vitor Borba Ferreira , Brazilian footballer[55]
1978 – James Franco , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1978 – Amanda Sage , American-Austrian painter and educator[56]
1979 – Kate Hudson , American actress[57]
1981 – Hayden Christensen , Canadian actor[58]
1981 – Lise Klaveness , Norwegian footballer and lawyer, president of the Norwegian Football Federation [59]
1981 – Troy Polamalu , American football player[60]
1982 – Samuel C. Morrison, Jr. , Liberian-American journalist, producer, and screenwriter
1982 – Ali Wong , American comedian and actress[61]
1983 – Joe Mauer , American baseball player[62]
1986 – Candace Parker , American basketball player[63]
1987 – Joe Hart , English footballer[64]
1987 – Maria Sharapova , Russian tennis player[65]
1989 – Simu Liu , Canadian actor[66]
1990 – Jackie Bradley Jr. , American baseball player[67]
1990 – Kim Chiu , Filipino actress, singer, and dancer[68]
1991 – Kelly Olynyk , Canadian basketball player[69]
2002 – Loren Gray , American singer and internet personality[70]
Deaths
Pre-1600
843 – Judith of Bavaria , Frankish empress
1012 – Ælfheah of Canterbury , English archbishop and saint (b. 954)
1013 – Hisham II , Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (b. 966)
1044 – Gothelo I , duke of Lorraine
1054 – Leo IX , pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1002)
1321 – Gerasimus I , patriarch of Constantinople
1390 – Robert II , king of Scotland (b. 1316)
1405 – Thomas West, 1st Baron West , English nobleman (b. 1335)[71]
1431 – Adolph III , count of Waldeck (b. 1362)
1560 – Philip Melanchthon , German theologian and reformer (b. 1497)
1567 – Michael Stifel , German monk and mathematician (b. 1487)
1578 – Uesugi Kenshin , Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
1588 – Paolo Veronese , Italian painter (b. 1528)
1601–1900
1608 – Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset , English poet, playwright, and politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1536)
1618 – Thomas Bastard , English priest and author (b. 1566)
1619 – Jagat Gosain , Mughal empress (b. 1573)[72]
1629 – Sigismondo d'India , Italian composer (b. 1582)
1686 – Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra , Spanish historian and playwright (b. 1610)
1689 – Christina , queen of Sweden (b. 1626)[73]
1733 – Elizabeth Hamilton , countess of Orkney (b. 1657)
1739 – Nicholas Saunderson , English mathematician and academic (b. 1682)
1768 – Canaletto , Italian painter and etcher (b. 1697)
1776 – Jacob Emden , German rabbi and author (b. 1697)
1791 – Richard Price , Welsh-English preacher and philosopher (b. 1723)
1813 – Benjamin Rush , American physician and educator (b. 1745)
1824 – Lord Byron , English-Scottish poet and playwright (b. 1788)
1831 – Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger , German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1765)
1833 – James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier , Bahamian-English admiral and politician, 36th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1756)
1840 – Jean-Jacques Lartigue , Canadian bishop (b. 1777)
1854 – Robert Jameson , Scottish mineralogist and academic (b. 1774)
1881 – Benjamin Disraeli , English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
1882 – Charles Darwin , English biologist and theorist (b. 1809)[74]
1893 – Martin Körber , Estonian-German pastor, composer, and conductor (b. 1817)
1901–present
1901 – Alfred Horatio Belo , American publisher, founded The Dallas Morning News (b. 1839)
1903 – Oliver Mowat , Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario , eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (b. 1820)[75]
1906 – Pierre Curie , French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
1906 – Spencer Gore , English tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)
1909 – Signe Rink , Greenland-born Danish writer and ethnologist (b. 1836)
1914 – Charles Sanders Peirce , American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1839)
1915 – Thomas Playford II , English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of South Australia (b. 1837)
1916 – Ephraim Shay , American engineer, designed the Shay locomotive (b. 1839)
1926 – Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov , Russian-Swiss statistician and theorist (b. 1874)
1930 – Georges-Casimir Dessaulles , Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1827)
1937 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington , English cartographer and politician (b. 1856)
1937 – William Morton Wheeler , American entomologist and zoologist (b. 1865)
1940 – Jack McNeela , Irish Republican died on hunger strike[76]
1941 – Johanna Müller-Hermann , Austrian composer (b. 1878)
1949 – Ulrich Salchow , Danish-Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
1950 – Ernst Robert Curtius , French-German philologist and scholar (b. 1886)
1952 – Steve Conway , British singer (b. 1921)[77]
1955 – Jim Corbett , British-Indian colonel, hunter, and author (b. 1875)
1960 – Beardsley Ruml , American economist and statistician (b. 1894)
1961 – Max Hainle , German swimmer (b. 1882)
1966 – Väinö Tanner , Finnish politician of Social Democratic Party of Finland ; the Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1881)[78]
1967 – Konrad Adenauer , German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
1971 – Luigi Piotti , Italian race car driver (b. 1913)
1975 – Percy Lavon Julian , American chemist and academic (b. 1899)
1988 – Kwon Ki-ok , Korean pilot (b. 1901)[79]
1989 – Daphne du Maurier , English novelist and playwright (b. 1907)[80]
1991 – Stanley Hawes , English-Australian director and producer (b. 1905)
1992 – Frankie Howerd , English actor and screenwriter (b. 1917)[81]
1993 – David Koresh , American cult leader (b. 1959)
1993 – George S. Mickelson , American captain, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1941)
1998 – Octavio Paz , Mexican poet, philosopher, and academic Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
1999 – Hermine Braunsteiner , Austrian-German SS officer (b. 1919)
2000 – Louis Applebaum , Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1918)
2002 – Reginald Rose , American writer (b. 1920)
2004 – Norris McWhirter , English author and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (b. 1925)
2004 – John Maynard Smith , English biologist and geneticist (b. 1920)
2004 – Jenny Pike , Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (b. 1922)[82]
2006 – Albert Scott Crossfield , American engineer, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1921)
2007 – Jean-Pierre Cassel , French actor (b. 1932)
2009 – J. G. Ballard , English novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1930)
2011 – Elisabeth Sladen , English actress (b. 1946)[83]
2012 – Levon Helm , American musician and actor (b. 1940)[84]
2013 – François Jacob , French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)
2013 – Al Neuharth , American journalist, author, and publisher, founded USA Today (b. 1924)
2015 – Raymond Carr , English historian and academic (b. 1919)
2015 – Roy Mason , English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Defence (b. 1924)[85]
2016 – Patricio Aylwin , Chilean politician (b. 1918)[86]
2017 – Lu Chao-Hsuan , Taiwanese guitarist, performer and educator. (b. 1929)[87]
2021 – Walter Mondale , American politician, 42nd Vice President of the United States (b. 1928)[88]
2021 – Jim Steinman , American composer, lyricist (b. 1947)[89] [90]
2022 – Kane Tanaka , Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1903)[91] [92]
2023 – Moonbin , South Korean singer and actor (b. 1998)[93] [94]
2024 – Daniel Dennett , American philosopher and author (b. 1942)[95]
Holidays and observances
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