Ontogeneza

Početne faze ljudske ontogeneze (embriogeneze)
Razlikovati: Ontologija, Onkologija ili Odontologija.

Ontogeneza (grč. ὄντος – ontos = prisutan + γéνeσiς – jénnissi = rođenje, nastajanje), u najčešće shvaćenom smislu, je nastanak i razvoj organizma, od trenutka oplodnje, tj. stvaranja zigota do zrelosti . Međutim, ovaj pojam neupitno obuhvata sveukupni životni vijek jedinke, od zaćeća do smrti.[1][2][3][4][5]

Ontogeneza se odnosi na historiju, tj. život organizma, za razliku od filogeneze, koja je proces evolucije određene biosistematske kategorije organizama. Kada je riječ o evoluciji vrsta, u praksi se često govori o "razvoju" osobina, svojstava ili karakteristika. Takvo shvatanje, međutim, može voditi u zabludu. Naime, dok se individua somatski i sveukupno razvija, dotle vrsta evoluira u genetičkoj strukturi pripadajuće populacije ili sistema populacija.[6][7]

Odnedavno se ovaj termin pominje i u biologiji ćelije u opisima razvoja različitih tipova ćelija unutar organizma.[8]

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Mayr E. (2005): Das ist Evolution. Goldmann, München, ISBN 3-442-15349-2.
  2. ^ Storch V, Welsch U., Wink M. (2007): Evolutionsbiologie. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-36072-8.
  3. ^ Hadžiselimović R. (1986): Uvod u teoriju antropogeneze. Svjetlost, Sarajevo, ISBN 9958-9344-2-6.
  4. ^ Nipam H. Patel N. H. (2007). Evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.. ISBN 0-87969-684-2.
  5. ^ Bowler P. J. (2003). Evolution : the history of an idea (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23693-6.
  6. ^ Gould S. J. (1977): Ontogeny and phylogeny. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge (Mass.)
  7. ^ Goodenough J., Wallace R. A., McGuire B. (1998): Human biology – Personal, environmental, and social concerns. Saunders College Publishing – Harcourt Brace College Publishing, Orlando, ISBN 0-03-001281-3.
  8. ^ Thiery, J. P. (1. 12. 2003). "Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 15 (6): 740–746. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.006. PMID 14644200.

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