Makemake
 Low-resolution image of Makemake and its unnamed moon S/2015 (136472) 1 by the Hubble Space Telescope, April 2015 | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Mjesto otkrića | Palomar Observatory |
| Datum otkrića | March 31, 2005 |
| Designations | |
| (136472) Makemake | |
| Izgovor | britanski /ˌmækiˈmæki/, američki /ˌmɑːkiˈmɑːki/ or  i/ˌmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/[a] |
Imenovan po | Makemake |
| 2005 FY9 | |
| Šablon:Ubli | |
| Adjectives | Makemakean[5] |
| Simbol | .svg){kind=small} (mostly astrological) |
| Orbital characteristics (barycentric)[6][b] | |
| Epoha {{{epoha}}} | |
| Uncertainty parameter 1[1][7] | |
| Observation arc | 70.53 yr (25,760 d)[1][7] |
| Earliest precovery date | 29. 1. 1955[1][7] |
| Aphelion | 52,796 AU |
| 45,499 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1604 |
| 306.70 yr (112,022 d) | |
| 170,497° ° | |
| 0° 0m 11.569s / day | |
| 79,441° ° | |
| 17 November 2186CITEREFJPL_Horizons_Perihelion | |
| 296,065° ° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
Mean radius | 715+19 −−11 km[9] |
| Flattening | 0.0098[c] |
| 6,42×106 km2[d][10] | |
Mean density | 1,67±0,17 g/cm3[11] |
Equatorial surface gravity | 35.12 m/s2[e] |
Equatorial escape velocity | 7.09 km/s[f][12] |
| Temperature | 30+Greška izraza: Nedostaje operator za = −40 K[16][17] |
| 17.0 (opposition)[19][1] | |
| 38,28±0,22 milli-arcsec[20] | |
Makemake [g] (oznaka manje planete 136472 Makemake) je patuljasta planeta i – ovisno o tome kako su definisani – drugi po veličini objekt Kuiperovog pojasa u klasičnoj populaciji, sa prečnikom približno 60% od Plutona.[22][23] Ima jedan poznati satelit. Njegova izuzetno niska prosječna temperatura, oko -230 °C znači da je njegova površina prekrivena metanom, etanom i eventualno azotnim ledom.
Makemake je otkriven 31. marta 2005. godine od strane tima predvođenog Michaelom E. Brownom, a objavljen je 29. jula 2005. godine. Prvobitno je bila poznata kao 2005 FY9, a kasnije je dobila broj male planete 136472. U julu 2008. godine dobila je ime po Makemakeu, božanstvu tvorcu u Rapa Nui mitologiji Uskršnjeg ostrva, sa očekivanjem Međunarodne astronomske unije (IAU) da će se pokazati kao patuljasta planeta.[23][24]
]
Bilješke
- ^ The Rapa Nui pronunciation is rap, which is anglicized as /ˈmækiˈmæki/ in the UK and /ˈmɑːkiˈmɑːki/[2] as well as /ˈmɑːkeɪˈmɑːkeɪ/ in the US.[2][3] The distinction between /ɑː/ and /æ/ reflect how the US and UK handle the Polynesian 'a' (parallel to the first 'a' in Italian 'pasta'); the /eɪ/ pronunciation attempts to approximate the Polynesian 'e', and is used by Brown and his students.[4]
- ^ These orbital elements are expressed in terms of the Solar System Barycenter (SSB) as the frame of reference.[6] Due to planetary perturbations, the Sun revolves around the SSB at non-negligible distances, so heliocentric-frame orbital elements and distances (such as those given in JPL's Small-Body Database[7]) can vary on short timescales.[8]
- ^ Calculated using (a−b)/a and the dimensions from Brown[9]
- ^ a b Calculated using the dimensions from Brown[9] assuming an oblate spheroid.
- ^ The surface gravity in meters per second squared (m/s2) is calculated according to , where G = Šablon:Physconst is the gravitational constant, M is Makemake's mass in kilograms, and r is Makemake's radius in meters.
- ^ The surface escape velocity in meters per second (m/s) is calculated according to , where G = Šablon:Physconst is the gravitational constant, M is Makemake's mass in kilograms, and r is Makemake's radius in meters.
- ^ Izgovara se kao četiri sloga, sa naglaskom na a. Vrijednosti samoglasnika variraju;
Reference
- ^ a b c d e f Minor Planet Center.
- ^ a b Brown (blog) 2008b.
- ^ "Makemake". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
- ^ Podcast Dwarf Planet Haumea Arhivirano 20. 2. 2012. na Wayback Machine (Darin Ragozzine, at 3′11″)
- ^ a b c Parker et al. 2016.
- ^ a b JPL Horizons Barycentric Elements.
- ^ a b c d e JPL Small-Body Database Lookup.
- ^ JPL Horizons Heliocentric Elements.
- ^ a b c d Brown 2013, str. 1.
- ^ "surface ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Arhivirano s originala, 22. 12. 2019. Pristupljeno 22. 12. 2019.
- ^ a b Bamberger 2025.
- ^ Protopapa et al. 2025, str. 8.
- ^ a b c Hromakina 2019.
- ^ Hromakina 2019, str. 7.
- ^ Verbiscer et al. 2022, str. 23.
- ^ Protopapa et al. 2025.
- ^ Kiss et al. 2024.
- ^ a b Alvarez-Candal et al. 2020.
- ^ AstDys.
- ^ Ortiz et al. 2012, str. 568.
- ^ "volume ellipsoid 717x717x710 – Wolfram-Alpha". Arhivirano s originala, 22. 12. 2019. Pristupljeno 22. 12. 2019.
- ^ Lim, T. L.; Stansberry, J.; Müller, T. G.; Mueller, M.; Lellouch, E.; Kiss, C.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Vilenius, E.; Protopapa, S. (1. 7. 2010). ""TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region - III. Thermophysical properties of 90482 Orcus and 136472 Makemake". Astronomy & Astrophysics (jezik: engleski). 518: L148. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014701. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Arhivirano s originala, 16. 6. 2019. Pristupljeno 20. 12. 2022.
- ^ Tancredi. "WHICH ARE THE DWARFS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM?" (PDF). lpi.usra.edu.
Izvori
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Objects, including dwarf planets, far beyond the orbit of Neptune are expected to be given the name of a deity or figure related to creation; for example Makemake, the Polynesian creator of humanity and god of fertility..."
"Objects sufficiently outside Neptune's orbit that orbital stability is reasonably assured for a substantial fraction of the lifetime of the solar system (so called Cubewanos or "classical" TNOs) are given mythological names associated with creation.
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|pmc=(pomoć). PMID 35945207 Provjerite vrijednost parametra|pmid=(pomoć). S2CID 251469650 Provjerite vrijednost parametra|s2cid=(pomoć). Nepoznati parametar|article-number=zanemaren (pomoć)
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- "(136472) Makemake = 2005 FY9". Minor Planet Center. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 10. 2025. Pristupljeno 21. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- "MPC Database Search: H < 3.8 and a > 20 AU". Minor Planet Center. Arhivirano s originala, 16. 8. 2025. Pristupljeno 16. 8. 2025.
22 trans-Neptunian objects brighter than H = 3.8
CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link) (smaller values of H are brighter)
- "M.P.S. 138898" (PDF). Minor Planets and Comets Supplement. Minor Planet Center (138898): 110. 7. 8. 2005. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- "M.P.S. 598178" (PDF). Minor Planets and Comets Supplement. Minor Planet Center (598178): 494. 12. 4. 2015. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 16. 11. 2025. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- Moltenbrey, Michael (oktobar 2015). "Dwarf Planets". Dawn of Small Worlds: Dwarf Planets, Asteroids, Comets. Astronomers' Universe. Springer. str. 175–214. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23003-0_5. ISBN 978-3-319-23003-0. Arhivirano s originala, 25. 9. 2020. Pristupljeno 2. 11. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- Moore, Jeffrey M.; McKinnon, William B. (maj 2021). "Geologically Diverse Pluto and Charon: Implications for the Dwarf Planets of the Kuiper Belt". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 49: 173–200. Bibcode:2021AREPS..49..173M. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-071720-051448. S2CID 229420916.
- Mousis, Olivier; Aaron, Werlen; Benest Couzinou, Tom; Schneeberger, Antoine (april 2025). "Primordial Origin of Methane on Eris and Makemake Supported by D/H Ratios". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 983 (1): L12. arXiv:2503.15652. Bibcode:2025ApJ...983L..12M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc134.
- Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Marco A.; Peimbert, Antoni; Lehner, Matthew J.; Wang, Shiang-Yu (oktobar 2021). "Long-term Dynamical Stability in the Outer Solar System. I. The Regular and Chaotic Evolution of the 34 Largest Trans-Neptunian Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (4): 164. arXiv:2107.00240. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..164M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1102. S2CID 235694711 Provjerite vrijednost parametra
|s2cid=(pomoć).
- "What is a Dwarf Planet?". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 22. 4. 2015. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 1. 2021. Pristupljeno 24. 9. 2021.
- "Pluto in True Color". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. 28. 1. 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 11. 11. 2025. Pristupljeno 20. 9. 2025.
- "Hubble Discovers Moon Orbiting the Dwarf Planet Makemake". NASA. 26. 4. 2016. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 10. 2023. Pristupljeno 8. 2. 2026.
- O'Callaghan, Jonathan (5. 11. 2024). "Distant dwarf planet Makemake might have a surprising ice volcano". New Scientist. Pristupljeno 19. 9. 2025.
- Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Lellouch, E.; Duffard, R.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Ivanov, V. D.; Littlefair, S. P.; Camargo, J. I. B.; Assafin, M.; Unda-Sanzana, E.; Jehin, E.; Morales, N.; Tancredi, G.; Gil-Hutton, R.; De La Cueva, I.; Colque, J. P.; Da Silva Neto, D. N.; Manfroid, J.; Thirouin, A.; Gutiérrez, P. J.; Lecacheux, J.; Gillon, M.; Maury, A.; Colas, F.; Licandro, J.; Mueller, T.; Jacques, C.; Weaver, D. (2012). "Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation". Nature. 491 (7425): 566–569. Bibcode:2012Natur.491..566O. doi:10.1038/nature11597. hdl:2268/142198. PMID 23172214. S2CID 4350486. Arhivirano s originala, 8. 2. 2023. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2019.
- Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Assafin, M.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Ivanov, V. D.; Camargo, J.; et al. (oktobar 2011). The stellar occultation by Makemake on 2011 April 23 (PDF). EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011. Nantes, France. str. 704. Bibcode:2011epsc.conf..704O. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 24. 10. 2020. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2025.
- Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Camargo, J. I. B.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Braga-Ribas, F. (maj 2019). "Stellar Occultations by Transneptunian objects: from Predictions to Observations and Prospects for the Future". arXiv:1905.04335 [astro-ph.EP].
- Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25. 4. 2016). "Discovery of a Makemakean Moon". The Astrophysical Journal. 825 (1): L9. arXiv:1604.07461. Bibcode:2016ApJ...825L...9P. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/825/1/L9. S2CID 119270442.
- Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (26. 4. 2016). "MPEC 2016-H46: S/2015 (136472) 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 2016-H46. Bibcode:2016MPEC....H...46P. Arhivirano s originala, 29. 9. 2025. Pristupljeno 19. 9. 2025.
- Parker, Alex (2. 5. 2016). "A Moon for Makemake". planetary.org. The Planetary Society. Arhivirano s originala, 21. 10. 2018. Pristupljeno 2. 5. 2016.
- Parker, Alex H. (juli 2021). "Trans-Neptunian Space and the Post-Pluto Paradigm". The Pluto System After New Horizons. University of Arizona Press. str. 1. arXiv:2107.02224. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816540945-ch023. ISBN 978-0-8165-4210-9. S2CID 229245689.
- Perna, D.; Hromakina, T.; Merlin, F.; Ieva, S.; Fornasier, S.; Belskaya, I.; Epifani, E. Mazzotta (21. 4. 2017). "The very homogeneous surface of the dwarf planet Makemake" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (jezik: engleski). 466 (3): 3594–3599. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.466.3594P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3272. ISSN 0035-8711. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 31. 8. 2021. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2019.
- Petit, Jean-Marc; Gladman, Brett; Kavelaars, J. J.; Bannister, Michele T.; Alexandersen, Mike; Volk, Kathryn; Chen, Ying-Tung (april 2023). "The Hot Main Kuiper Belt Size Distribution from OSSOS". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 947 (1): L4. arXiv:2309.01530. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L...4P. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc525. S2CID 258078423 Provjerite vrijednost parametra
|s2cid=(pomoć).
- Protopapa, Silvia; Wong, Ian; Lellouch, Emmanuel; Johnson, Perianne E.; Grundy, William M.; Glein, Christopher R.; et al. (septembar 2025). "JWST Detection of Hydrocarbon Ices and Methane Gas on Makemake". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991 (2): L34. arXiv:2509.06772. Bibcode:2025ApJ...991L..34P. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adfe63.
- E. L. Schaller; M. E. Brown (10. 4. 2007). "Volatile Loss and Retention on Kuiper Belt Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (1): L61–L64. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L..61S. doi:10.1086/516709. S2CID 10782167.
- Schilling, Govert (2009). The Hunt for Planet X: New Worlds and the Fate of Pluto (PDF). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77805-1. ISBN 978-0-387-77805-1. Pristupljeno 26. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- Schmid, Deb (15. 2. 2024). "SwRI scientists find evidence of geothermal activity within icy dwarf planets". Southwest Research Institute. Arhivirano s originala, 15. 2. 2025. Pristupljeno 27. 9. 2025.
- Schwamb, Megan. "The QUEST Camera". The La Silla QUEST KBO Survey. Yale University. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 7. 2015. Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link) CS1 održavanje: parametar ref identičan predodređenom (link)
- Schwamb, Megan E.; Brown, Michael E.; Fraser, Wesley C. (januar 2014). "The Hot Main Kuiper Belt Size Distribution from OSSOS". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (1): 2. arXiv:1310.7049. Bibcode:2014AJ....147....2S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/1/2. S2CID 28744257.
- Sheppard, Scott S.; Udalski, Andrzej; Trujillo, Chadwick; Pietrzynski, Marcin; Bellerose, Grzegorz; Poleski, Radoslaw; et al. (oktobar 2011). "A Southern Sky and Galactic Plane Survey for Bright Kuiper Belt Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (4): 98. arXiv:1107.5309. Bibcode:2011AJ....142...98S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/98. S2CID 53552519.
- Sicardy, Bruno; Braga-Ribas, Felipe; Buie, Marc W.; Ortiz, José Luis; Roques, Françoise (decembar 2024). "Stellar occultations by trans-Neptunian objects". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 32 (1). arXiv:2411.07026. Bibcode:2024A&ARv..32....6S. doi:10.1007/s00159-024-00156-x. S2CID 273963101 Provjerite vrijednost parametra
|s2cid=(pomoć). 6. Nepoznati parametar|article-number=zanemaren (pomoć)
- Sinnott, Roger W. (11. 9. 2005). "Pluto Gets an Asteroid Number". Sky & Telescope. Arhivirano s originala, 8. 8. 2020. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2025.
- "Makemake -- or Easter bunny -- enters book of space names". Space Daily. 15. 7. 2008. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 8. 2008. Pristupljeno 31. 10. 2025.
- Than, Ker (11. 9. 2005). "Pluto is Now Just a Number: 134340". Space.com. Arhivirano s originala, 23. 5. 2011. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2025.
- Thomas, Mike W. (9. 9. 2025). "SwRI-led team discovers methane gas on Makemake". Southwest Research Institute. Arhivirano s originala, 10. 9. 2025. Pristupljeno 19. 9. 2025.
- Tichy, Milos; Ticha, Jana (17. 1. 2007). "TNO 2005 FY9". KLENOT Project. Kleť Observatory. Arhivirano s originala, 15. 6. 2011. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2025. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
- "Proposed New Characters: The Pipeline". Arhivirano s originala, 29. 1. 2022. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2022.
- Verbiscer, Anne J.; Helfenstein, Paul; Porter, Simon B.; Benecchi, Susan D.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Lauer, Tod R.; et al. (april 2022). "The Diverse Shapes of Dwarf Planet and Large KBO Phase Curves Observed from New Horizons". The Planetary Science Journal. 3 (4): 95. Bibcode:2022PSJ.....3...95V. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac63a6. S2CID 248448259 Provjerite vrijednost parametra
|s2cid=(pomoć).
- Williams, David R. (11. 1. 2024). "Pluto Fact Sheet". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 2. 2025. Pristupljeno 16. 9. 2025.
- "surface ellipsoid 717x717x710". Wolfram Alpha. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 12. 2019. Pristupljeno 22. 12. 2019.
- "volume ellipsoid 717x717x710". Wolfram Alpha. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 12. 2019. Pristupljeno 22. 12. 2019.
- Yeager, Ashley (21. 7. 2008). "Makemake makes the list". ScienceNews. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 5. 2022. Pristupljeno 30. 10. 2025.
- Zangari, Amanda M.; Finley, Tiffany J.; Stern, S. Alan; Tapley, Mark B. (maj 2019). "Return to the Kuiper Belt: Launch Opportunities from 2025 to 2040". Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 56 (3): 919–930. arXiv:1810.07811. Bibcode:2019JSpRo..56..919Z. doi:10.2514/1.A34329. S2CID 119033012.
Vanjski linkovi
- Makemake na web sajtu JPL Small-Body Database
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