Compromisso do Missouri

O Compromisso de Missouri, também chamado de Compromissos de 1820, foi um acordo aprovado em 1820, entre grupos pró-escravatura e pró-abolicionistas nos Estados Unidos, envolvendo primariamente a regulação do trabalho escravo nos territórios do oeste.
Enquanto os estados do sul, de clima mais quente, tinham sua economia fortemente centrada na agricultura e portanto com grande número de mão-de-obra escrava, os nortistas tinham uma formação mais baseada no comércio, indústria e numa agricultura não escravocrata que, com o tempo, foi acelerando as diferenças de interesses entre ambas as regiões, também perceptível pela origem dos imigrantes que os povoaram: ao norte de maioria protestante (ingleses, alemães) e ao sul de maioria católica (latinos) e o compromisso veio a consagrar a divisão, proibindo a escravidão acima do Paralelo 36o30' Norte.[1]
Com a expansão territorial do país no continente o estado então recém-conquistado da Califórnia fez um pedido para integrar os não-escravistas, apesar de situar-se abaixo do paralelo 36,5 N, obtendo judicialmente decisão favorável; isto leva, em 1850, à celebração do Compromisso Clay, que dava aos cidadãos de cada estado o direito de decidir como lidar com a questão escravocrata.[2]
Ver também
Referências
Bibliografia
- Brown, Richard H. (1970) [Winter 1966], «Missouri Crisis, Slavery, and the Politics of Jacksonianism», in: Gatell, Frank Otto, Essays on Jacksonian America, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 5–72
- Burns, James MacGregor (1982), The Vineyard of Liberty, ISBN 0394505468, Alfred A. Knopf
- Dangerfield, George (1965), The Awakening of American Nationalism: 1815–1828, ISBN 978-0881338232, New York: Harper & Row
- Ellis, Joseph A. (1996), American sphinx: the character of Thomas Jefferson, ISBN 978-0679764410, New York: Alfred A. Knopf
- Hammond, John Craig (2021), «The Centrality of Slavery: Enslavement and Settler Sovereignty in Missouri, 1770 – 1820», in: Pasley, Jeffrey; Hammond, John Craig, A Fire Bell in the Past: The Missouri Crisis at 200, Volume I, Western Slavery, National Impasse, University of Missouri Press
- Hammond, John Craig (março de 2019), «President, Planter, Politician: James Monroe, the Missouri Crisis, and the Politics of Slavery», Journal of American History, 105 (3): 843–867, doi:10.1093/jahist/jaz002
- Hammond, John Craig (2007), Slavery, Freedom, and Expansion in the Early American West, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press
- Howe, Daniel W. (2007), What hath God wrought: the transformation of America, 1815–1848, ISBN 978-0195392432, New York: Oxford University Press
- Malone, Dumas; Rauch, Basil (1960), Empire for Liberty: The Genesis and Growth of the United States of America, New York: Appleton-Century Crofts
- Miller, William L. (1995), Arguing about Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress, ISBN 0-394-56922-9, Borzoi Books, Alfred J. Knopf
- Staloff, Darren (2005), Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson: The Politics of Enlightenment and the American Founding, ISBN 0-8090-7784-1, New York: Hill and Wang
- Varon, Elizabeth R. (2008), Disunion! The Coming of the American Civil War, 1789–1859, ISBN 978-0-8078-3232-5, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press
- Wilentz, Sean (2004), «Jeffersonian Democracy and the Origins of Political Antislavery in the United States: The Missouri Crisis Revisited», The Journal of the Historical Society, IV (3)
- Wilentz, Sean (2016), The Politicians & the Egalitarians: The Hidden History of American Politics, ISBN 978-0-393-28502-4, New York: W.W. Norton & Company
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