Setoka
| Setoka Julat zaman:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Setoka selatan (Hypanus americanus) | |
Pengelasan saintifik 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Alam: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Chondrichthyes |
| Order: | Myliobatiformes |
| Suborder: | Myliobatoidei Compagno, 1973 |
| Keluarga | |
| |
Setoka atau pari sengat, ialah sekumpulan pari laut yang merupakan ikan berawan. Ia dikelaskan dalam suborder Myliobatoidei daripada order Myliobatiformes dan terdiri daripada lapan keluarga: Hexatrygonidae (pari enam insang), Gymnuridae (pari kelawar), Plesiobatidae (pari lembik), Urolophidae (setoka bulat), Myliobatidae (pari lang), Aetobatidae (pari lang pelagik), Mobulidae (pari paus dan kaluk), Rhinopteridae (pari susun), Dasyatidae (ketuka), Potamotrygonidae (setoka sungai) dan Urotrygonidae (setoka bulat Amerika).[2][3] Terdapat sekitar 220 spesies setoka yang diketahui dalam 29 genus.
Rujukan
- ^ Marmi, Josep; Vila #, Bernat; Oms, Oriol; Galobart, Àngel; Cappetta, Henri (18 Mei 2010). "Oldest records of stingray spines (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (3): 970–974. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..970M. doi:10.1080/02724631003758011.
- ^ Nelson JS (2006). Fishes of the World (ed. fourth). John Wiley. m/s. 76–82. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
- ^ Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE (1997). The Diversity of Fishes. Blackwell Science. m/s. 180. ISBN 978-0-86542-256-8.
Pautan luar
- Almagro, Álvaro; Barría, Claudio (November 2024). "The end of silent predators: First cases of active sound production in batoids from the Mediterranean Sea and its potential implications". Marine Biology. 171 (11): 208. Bibcode:2024MarBi.171..208A. doi:10.1007/s00227-024-04536-w.
- Barroil, Adèle; Deter, Julie; Holon, Florian; Bertucci, Frédéric (7 October 2024). "Sound production in wild Mediterranean blonde ray Raja brachyura". Ecology. 105 (11): e4440. Bibcode:2024Ecol..105E4440B. doi:10.1002/ecy.4440. PMID 39370952 Check
|pmid=value (bantuan). - Fetterplace, Lachlan C.; Delgado Esteban, J. Javier; Pini-Fitzsimmons, Joni; Gaskell, John; Wueringer, Barbara E. (November 2022). "Evidence of sound production in wild stingrays". Ecology. 103 (11): e3812. Bibcode:2022Ecol..103E3812F. doi:10.1002/ecy.3812. PMC 9786621 Check
|pmc=value (bantuan). PMID 35808819 Check|pmid=value (bantuan). - "Beware the Ugly Sting Ray." Popular Science, July 1954, pp. 117–118/pp. 224–228.
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.