Scapa Flow
Scapa Flow (/ˈskɑːpə/ atau /ˈskæpə/; daripada bahasa purba Scandinavia Skalpaflói, bermaksud "bay of the long isthmus"[1]) ialah kawasan perairan di Pulau Orkney, Scotland, yang dilindungi oleh pulau-pulau Tanah Besar Orkney, Graemsay, Burray,[2] South Ronaldsay dan Hoy. Perairan yang terlindung ini telahpun digunakan oleh kapal-kapal semenjak zaman prasejarah dan ia memainkan peranan penting dalam pengembaraan, perdagangan dan konflik selama berabad - terutamanya semasa Perang Dunia.
Satu konsultasi dalam pengurusan pengimbang air pada tahun 2013 mengukur definisi yang biasa digunakan Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan Scapa Flow pada 324.5 kilometer persegi (125.3 bt2) dan hanya dibawah 1 bilion meter padu air.
Rujukan dan sumber
- Rujukan
- ^ Scapa Flow: Graveyard of the German Fleet, Will Springer.[halaman diperlukan]
- ^ S. C. George, Jutland to Junkyard, 1973.
- Sumber
- George, S. C. (1981). Jutland to Junkyard. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing. ISBN 0-86228-029-X. Describes the scuttling of the High Seas Fleet.
- Thomson, William P. L. (2008). The New History of Orkney. Edinburgh: Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-696-0.
- Wood, Lawson (2007). Scapa Flow Dive Guide. AquaPress Publishing. ISBN 1-905492-04-9. A comprehensive guide to diving the wrecks and reefs of Scapa Flow.
Bacaan lanjut
- Booth, Tony. Cox's Navy: Salvaging the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow 1924-1931. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime, 2005. ISBN 978-1-8441-5181-3
- Brown, Malcolm & Patricia Meehan. Scapa Flow. London: Pan Books, 2002. ISBN 1-4050-0785-0.
- Konstam, Angus. Scapa Flow: The Defences of Britain's Great Fleet Anchorage 1914-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-8460-3366-7
- Dive Scapa Flow by Rod Macdonald. Whittles Publishing ISBN 978-184995-290-3
Pautan luar
- Scapa Flow Visitor Centre and Museum
- Scapa Flow website by North Walls Community School
- Scuttling of the High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow
- About the shipwrecks at Scapa Flow
- Listing of German and scuttled ships.
- Scapa Flow Marine Archaeology Project
- Orkney Wireless Museum (in Kirkwall)
- Ness Battery: A WWII coast battery near Stromness
- Website for Orkney Defence Interest Network
58°54′U 3°03′B / 58.900°U 3.050°B
| Antarabangsa | |
|---|---|
| Kebangsaan | |
| Lain | |
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.